Deck 12: Socioemotional Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood

Question 1

Intimacy, according to Erikson, has little to do with:

A) marriage.
B) identity.
C) romantic partnerships.
D) sharing self.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

If an emerging adult wanted to go into broadcast journalism, a Myers-Briggs inventory that described her personality as __________________ would be an indicator that she would succeed in this career field.

A) INFJ
B) ENFJ
C) ENTJ
D) INTJ

Answer 2

B

Question 3

An emerging adult who is negligent, lazy, disorganized, and often late will score low on the _____________ dimension of the Big Five.

A) openness
B) conscientiousness
C) extroversion
D) agreeableness

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The Big Five refers to five major dimensions of personality that can be used to describe the personality of all emerging adults.

Question 5

An emerging adult is complaining that his roommate is always wanting to "tag along," and that he's talkative, full of energy, and always high-fiving and hugging. You can use your knowledge of the Big Five to explain that his roommate is highly:

A) extroverted.
B) introverted.
C) agreeable.
D) neurotic.

Question 6

From the psychosocial perspective, a young adult who successfully achieved a sense of identity in adolescence and emerging adulthood is more likely to achieve _______________ in young adulthood.

A) integrity
B) intimacy
C) industry
D) inferiority

Question 7

Which of the following describes "intimacy" according to Erikson?

A) physical intimacy
B) intellectual intimacy
C) emotional intimacy
D) ll of the choices

Question 8

Resolving the crisis intimacy versus isolation involves _________________ in partnership with another.

A) continuing with identity development
B) revising identity
C) learning to share self
D) learning to protect one's self

Question 9

An emerging adult who is trusting, lenient, soft-hearted, and good-natured scores high on the _____________ dimension of the Big Five.

A) openness
B) conscientiousness
C) extroversion
D) agreeableness

Question 10

Personality plays a role in determining how an individual will experience the transition to adulthood.

Question 11

Personality inventories can help describe personality, but also some can be used to determine if an individual's personality is:

A) immature.
B) in crisis.
C) pseudomature.
D) pathological.

Question 12

In combination, the Big Five personality traits are organized into unique patterns that determine an emerging adult's personality:

A) style.
B) type.
C) profile.
D) fit.

Question 13

Healthy resolution of Erikson's sixth stage of psychosocial development in young adulthood results in the ability to:

A) get married.
B) cohabitate.
C) find a romantic partner.
D) share oneself with another.

Question 14

A personality inventory can be useful to emerging adults with respect to career development because they provide information about _________________ that can be strengths in some jobs and weaknesses in others.

A) traits
B) styles
C) scores
D) types

Question 15

Personality is a combination of _________________characteristics that determine how a person, thinks, feels, and acts.

A) attitudinal
B) emotional
C) emotional and behavioral
D) emotional, behavioral, and attitudinal

Question 16

An emerging adult patient at the college counseling center reports that she has been to the health center numerous times complaining of headaches and stomachaches but the doctors there "don't know anything." Her MMPI indicates high:

A) schizophrenia and depression.
B) depression and hypochondriasis.
C) hypochondriasis and paranoia.
D) paranoia and social introversion.

Question 17

The psychosocial crisis of personality development associated with young adulthood is intimacy versus isolation.

Question 18

If a young adult is having difficulty resolving the psychosocial task of development associated with young adulthood, she might describe feeling:

A) not knowing what she wants to do with her life.
B) a sense of wanting to "give back" to others.
C) loneliness and disconnection from life.
D) extreme contentment with being single.

Question 19

According to Erikson's psychosocial stage theory, personality development faces a normative crisis in young adulthood.

Question 20

The healthy resolution of the psychosocial task of young adulthood is achieved when a young adult can answer "yes" to the question:

A) Can I find meaning in life?
B) Can I work?
C) Can I love?
D) Can I parent?

Question 21

A counselor understands that her client, John, age 32, is struggling because he has not found a life partner. When the counselor asks John what he did last Friday night, she was not surprised to learn that he:

A) went out to dinner with a group of friends.
B) stayed home alone in his apartment.
C) played poker with his roommates.
D) attended a friend's wedding.

Question 22

Personality change in emerging and young adulthood is described best as:

A) changing through the 20s, stabilizing in the 30s.
B) changing through the 20s and 30s.
C) stabilizing through the 20s and 30s.
D) stabilizing prior to the 20s, changing after the 20s.

Question 23

If a young adult is grappling with the questions, "Who am I?" and "What can I become?" we can assume that difficulty achieving intimacy can at least partially be attributed to:

A) stagnation.
B) isolation.
C) role confusion.
D) inferiority.

Question 24

If a parent observes her 28-year-old son becoming less neurotic, more conscientious, and more agreeable, she can assume that his development is:

A) normative for his age and stage.
B) delayed for his age and stage.
C) undermining his mental health.
D) interfering with becoming adult.

Question 25

Average trends in personality traits through emerging adulthood provide ________________ information about individual personality development.

A) a great deal of
B) very little
C) the same
D) different

Question 26

Parents provide emotional support to their emerging and young adult children in the following way:

A) parents listening and giving advice.
B) parents listening and paying for counseling.
C) parents getting counseling to help adult child.
D) parents asking an informed friend to help adult child.

Question 27

Compared to emerging adults, the personalities of young adults change:

A) less.
B) more.
C) the same.
D) unpredictably.

Question 28

A good piece of friendship advice for emerging adults is:

A) "It's normal for your friend's personality to change."
B) "It's not normal for your friend's personality to change."
C) "Intervene (seek help) if your friend's personality is changing less than yours."
D) "Intervene (seek help) if your friend's personality is changing more than yours."

Question 29

In emerging adulthood, relationships shape and are shaped by identity development.

Question 30

Personality changes less in emerging adulthood than it does at later stages of adulthood.

Question 31

Parents provide support to emerging and young adult children in the following way:

A) loans and gifts of money.
B) payment of tuition and related fees.
C) help with bills or rent.
D) all of the choices

Question 32

Given that making commitments to roles and responsibilities reduces what is unknown about one's future, it makes sense that ___________________ decreases in emerging adulthood and beyond.

A) neuroticism
B) conscientiousness
C) agreeableness
D) extraversion

Question 33

In emerging adulthood, personality pathways are influenced by:

A) the stability of life in the 20s.
B) the flux of life in the 20s.
C) norms determined by parents.
D) norms determined by society.

Question 34

Family relationships change dramatically at the transition from adolescence into emerging adulthood.

Question 35

The stage of the family life cycle that corresponds with emerging adulthood is the __________________ stage.

A) later family life
B) leaving home
C) family with adolescents
D) childless couple

Question 36

In emerging adulthood, on average, ___________________ tend to decrease.

A) extraversion and agreeableness
B) agreeableness and conscientiousness
C) extraversion and neuroticism
D) extraversion and openness to experience

Question 37

Personality remains under construction; that is, it is still developing through emerging adulthood.

Question 38

Approximately __________________of emerging and young adult children report receiving at least some form of financial support from their parents.

A) 100%
B) 75%
C) 50%
D) 35%

Question 39

Approximately __________________of emerging and young adult children report receiving at least some form of emotional support form their parents.

A) 100%
B) 75%
C) 50%
D) 35%

Question 40

In emerging adulthood, on average, ____________________ tend to increase.

A) extraversions and openness to experience
B) extraversion and conscientiousness
C) conscientiousness and agreeableness
D) agreeableness and neuroticism

Question 41

Online social relationships increase the amount of ___________________ emerging and young adults feel with respect to their interactions with others.

A) commitment
B) comfort
C) control
D) connection

Question 42

Love is not a simple, but rather a complex, concept that means different things to different emerging and young adults.

Question 43

Deep, meaningful friendships in emerging adulthood predict better adjustment in the 20s.

Question 44

The majority of emerging and young adults are likely to belong to at least one social network site (SNS) which has, in general, had a positive effect on the way emerging and young adults:

A) add to their social support networks.
B) count friendships.
C) spend holidays.
D) spend time off from work.

Question 45

By 2012, over __________ of emerging adults (ages 18-29) was a member of at least one online social networking site.

A) 25%
B) 40%
C) 60%
D) 80%

Question 46

In general, emerging and young adult children ______________________from their parents.

A) report receiving high levels of support
B) report a lack of support
C) want less emotional support
D) prefer financial over emotional support

Question 47

Some fears have emerged over the use of social networking sites to maintain and build relationships in emerging and young adulthood. Among these concerns is:

A) detraction from face-to-face interactions.
B) identity theft.
C) Internet stalking.
D) all of the choices

Question 48

On average, emerging adults' relationships with their parents ________________ after adolescence.

A) improve
B) deteriorate
C) stay the same
D) become more distant

Question 49

Emerging adults (ages 18-29) use social networking sites to build and maintain their social support systems at a rate that is ________________ the rate among young adults (ages 30-49).

A) higher than
B) lower than
C) the same as
D) double

Question 50

In heterosexual partnerships, it is more common for couples to spend time with the friends of the female partner. This is because:

A) men tend to have fewer friends who like to socialize.
B) women have fewer friends who like to socialize.
C) women tend to have more friends than men.
D) men tend to have more friends than women.

Question 51

Which of the following are three dimensions of emerging adult friendships?

A) intimacy, isolation, integrity
B) intimacy, integrity, communion
C) communion, agency, individuation
D) communion, intimacy, agency

Question 52

Finding a partner who is similar to oneself is not unpredictable; the _______________ mating process influences partner selection.

A) assortative
B) consummate
C) preferential
D) selective

Question 53

It is particularly important for women to make and maintain friendships that last through emerging and young adulthood because women tend to turn to their friends for ____________________, in contrast to males who tend to rely less on their friends for this.

A) instrumental support, for example, moving
B) emotional support and connection, for example, through life transitions
C) physical intimacy, for example, hugs
D) physical activity, such as exercising together

Question 54

Couples maximize their relationship satisfaction the more they are similar with respect to:

A) ethnicity.
B) education level.
C) religion.
D) all of the choices

Question 55

Key factors in the development of long-term friendships in adulthood include selecting others for friends who:

A) share a similar level of attractiveness.
B) are geographically close.
C) share similar political values and lifestyle values.
D) all of the choices

Question 56

Consummate love is different from parent-child love and love for friends; consummate love refers to romantic love.

Question 57

In general, emerging adults spend a great deal of time with their friends.

Question 58

A healthy functioning family experiences the transition to adulthood as a:

A) normative stage of the family life cycle.
B) crisis in the family life cycle.
C) stage during which dramatic change indicates healthy functioning.
D) stage during which dramatic change indicates dysfunction.

Question 59

According to Sternberg, there are_______ dimensions of consummate love.

A) two
B) three
C) five
D) seven

Question 60

Within families, adult children who are making less progress becoming self-sufficient are _____________likely to receive support.

A) more
B) less
C) equally
D) not at all

Question 61

Romantic relationships in emerging adulthood may be a source of fulfillment, but may also be a source of stress.

Question 62

Despite media hype, not all emerging adult relationships are "hook-ups." In fact, researchers found five different types of romantic relationships that vary as a function of:

A) timing, frequency, and duration.
B) intimacy, passion, and commitment.
C) warmth and control.
D) liking, infatuation, and empty love.

Question 63

Emerging adults looking for same-sex partners are more likely to ________________ compared to emerging adults looking for opposite sexual partners.

A) go to frat parties
B) go to bars
C) search online
D) search at work

Question 64

Although elements of their romantic relationships had faded away, Jane and Ellen stayed together because they remained ______________. That is, they continued to value the investment each was making in the other and the future.

A) intimate
B) passionate
C) selective
D) committed

Question 65

Emerging and young adult couples who are not married may share the same type of love as those who are married, but they receive fewer ________________ rewards and rights.

A) social
B) legal
C) financial
D) all of the choices

Question 66

In emerging adulthood, relationship _______________ is a signal that a relationship is unhealthy and that one or both partners is ambivalent about terminating the relationship.

A) stagnation
B) churning
C) stagnation
D) cheating

Question 67

Over _______ of college students report "having hooked up."

A) 15%
B) 35%
C) 50%
D) 75%

Question 68

Making commitments to romantic partners is a task associated with:

A) emerging adulthood.
B) young adulthood.
C) both emerging and young adulthood.
D) neither emerging nor young adulthood.

Question 69

"Hooking up" is a term that refers to _______________ without relationship commitment.

A) friendship
B) sexual activity
C) romantic love
D) safe sex

Question 70

As a romantic relationship moves closer to a committed partnership, a couple's love is likely to transform from romantic love to companionate love to:

A) passionate love.
B) consummate love.
C) fatuous love.
D) all of the choices

Question 71

Emerging adults need healthy ________________ to guide them to select relationships that satisfy their emotional and psychological needs.

A) interpersonal schemas
B) coping skills
C) conflict resolution skills
D) social support networks

Question 72

Over the past 30 years, society has become___________________ of cohabitation in emerging and young adulthood.

A) more morally accepting
B) less morally accepting
C) more politically supportive
D) less politically supportive

Question 73

Passion, defined as _____________________, is one element of consummate love.

A) lust, physical attraction, and sexual desire
B) sharing values, feelings, and beliefs
C) investment in exclusivity and a shared future
D) none of the choices

Question 74

Over _______ of emerging and young adults have experienced intimate partner violence.

A) 15%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 40%

Question 75

______________ disorders are particularly insidious in relationships; they cause problems in romantic relationships and bring indirect stress to relationships due to the problems the disorder leads to with friends, family, and coworkers. i

A) Mood
B) Substance
C) Anxiety
D) Personality

Question 76

Intimate partner violence involves _________________ against a victim by a current or former partner or spouse.

A) physical harm
B) sexual harm
C) psychological harm
D) all of the choices

Question 77

The rate of "hooking up" is ________________ in emerging adulthood.

A) equivalent for males and females
B) higher for males
C) higher for females
D) unknown with respect to males versus females

Question 78

As emerging and young adults establish romantic partnerships, past experiences with and exposure to __________________ is a key risk factor predicting which couples will experience intimate partner conflict and violence.

A) peer problems and bullying
B) conflict and abuse in the family-of-origin
C) strong religious beliefs
D) neighborhood stress and violence

Question 79

As marriage has become delayed and less common over the past 50 years, _________________ become more common in emerging adulthood.

A) longer engagements have
B) cohabitation has
C) early parenthood has
D) intergenerational living has

Question 80

Partner conflict increases from the late teens through the mid-20s and then decreases.
a. True
B. False