Deck 7: Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

Question 1

The products of the light reactions of photosynthesis are ________.

A)ATP and NADH
B)ATP and NADPH
C)RuBP and O₂
D)ATP and NADP⁺

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Through what structure(s)do plants obtain most of their water?

A)roots
B)interior cells
C)stomata
D)leaves

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Photosynthesis contributes to plant growth by ________.

A)taking in oxygen and making wood
B)taking in carbon dioxide and making sugars (carbohydrates)
C)synthesizing carbon dioxide and making cellulose
D)converting sugar to oxygen and water

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of these is NOT considered an advantage of biofuels from food crops?

A)reduced carbon emissions
B)a renewable resource
C)increased fuel efficiency
D)increased crop prices

Question 5

What are grana?

A)thick fluids inside chloroplasts
B)convolutions of the inner chloroplast membrane
C)stacks of membranous sacs
D)pigments found in chloroplasts

Question 6

Which of the following is produced during the light reactions of photosynthesis?

A)O₂
B)CO₂
C)C₆H₁₂O₆
D)ADP

Question 7

What is responsible for the yellow-orange coloration of leaves in the fall?

A)RuBP
B)chlorophyll a
C)carotenoids
D)chlorophyll b

Question 8

The color that we see when looking at a pigmented object is ________.

A)the wavelengths that are absorbed by the pigmented object
B)the wavelengths that are reflected or transmitted by the pigmented object
C)the wavelengths that have been raised to an excited state by the pigmented object
D)the wavelengths that the pigmented object created after interacting with sunlight

Question 9

Which of the following is an autotroph?

A)human
B)mushroom
C)pine tree
D)fish

Question 10

If a plant appears blue to us,what wavelength of light is being reflected?

A)blue
B)green
C)red
D)yellow

Question 11

What name is given to a discrete packet of light?

A)phaser
B)wavelength
C)photon
D)quantum

Question 12

What is the function of stomata?

A)water absorption
B)Calvin cycle
C)location of photosystems
D)gas exchange

Question 13

What name is given to the membranous sacs found within a chloroplast?

A)stroma
B)mitochondria
C)thylakoids
D)vesicles

Question 14

Which of the following equations best summarizes photosynthesis?

A)6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + 6 O₂ → C₆H₁₂O₆
B)6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂
C)6 CO₂ + 6 O₂ → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 H₂O
D)C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O

Question 15

If you provided your shade-tolerant plants with their preferred wavelength of light,but only minimal amounts of water,which of the following would you expect to occur?

A)increased plant growth
B)increased amounts of oxygen released by the plants
C)decreased amounts of ATP being produced by the plants
D)increased growth of the plants' leaves

Question 16

Within the inner membrane of a chloroplast,interconnected sacs of membrane called ________ are suspended in a thick fluid called the ________.

A)chlorophyll...thylakoid
B)thylakoids...grana
C)thylakoids...stroma
D)grana...thylakoid

Question 17

The energy of wavelengths that appear ________ is LEAST useful to photosynthesis.

A)red
B)green
C)blue
D)orange

Question 18

The Calvin cycle requires ________ and ________ from the light reactions in order to operate.

A)glucose...carbon dioxide
B)electrons...NADH
C)ATP...NADPH
D)RuBP...NADP⁺

Question 19

What is one reason why plants have accessory pigment molecules,like chlorophyll b and carotenoids?

A)to reflect more energy
B)to absorb energy in parts of the electromagnetic spectrum that chlorophyll a cannot
C)to give them different colors
D)because plants cannot make enough chlorophyll a for all of their energy needs

Question 20

In photosynthesis,redox reactions ultimately transfer electrons from ________ to ________.

A)O₂...CO₂
B)C₆H₁₂O₆...O₂
C)H₂O...C₆H₁₂O₆
D)H₂O...CO₂

Question 21

CAM plants conserve water by ________.

A)opening their stomata only at night
B)incorporating CO₂ into RuBP
C)keeping their stomata closed at night
D)running the Calvin cycle at night

Question 22

Which of the following is found in both cellular respiration and in the light reactions of photosynthesis?

A)citric acid cycle
B)glycolysis
C)Calvin cycle
D)electron transport chain

Question 23

The light reactions are generally presented in zig-zag patterns,as shown in the accompanying figure.What is the significance of the primary electron receptor shown at position 2 being slightly higher than the primary electron receptor shown at position 3?

A)The electron that has been accepted gains energy as it leaves the primary electron receptor at 2 and heads to the primary electron receptor at position 3.
B)The primary electron receptor at 2 has slightly less energy than the primary electron receptor at position 3.
C)The primary electron receptor at position 2 comes before the primary electron receptor at position 3.
D)Since electrons have given off energy in the electron transport chain,they can be boosted higher by the second photosystem. Answer B

Question 24

When a molecule absorbs a photon,one of its electrons is raised to the ________ state.

A)energetic
B)quantum
C)positive
D)excited

Question 25

Scientists are working to create a better biofuel factory through which of the following processes?

A)increasing the rate at which certain algae reproduce
B)developing strains of algae that can clean up oil spills
C)increasing the genetic diversity of groups of algae
D)restricting hydrocarbon production

Question 26

Refer to the accompanying figure.Which of the following is TRUE regarding the behavior of a chlorophyll molecule as it absorbs a photon?

A)An electron goes from the excited state to the ground state.
B)Light is released.
C)The energy of a photon raises an electron to the excited state.
D)ATP is broken down.

Question 27

In photosynthesis,an H⁺ ion gradient forms across the ________.

A)thylakoid membrane
B)outer chloroplast membrane
C)endomembrane
D)inner chloroplast membrane

Question 28

In the accompanying figure,the molecule that makes up the bulk of the mass of the plant comes in mostly ________.

A)through the veins,which bring materials from the roots
B)through the transparent covering of the leaf into the photosynthetic cells
C)through the stomata
D)from the roots where they are stored during the night

Question 29

Which of the following is a way that a molecule releases energy gained by absorption of a photon?

A)heat
B)fluorescence
C)light
D)all of the above

Question 30

The Calvin cycle makes direct use of ________ to make ________.

A)light energy and CO₂...sugar
B)CO₂,ATP,and NADPH...sugar and O₂
C)light energy,CO₂,and water...sugar and O₂
D)CO₂,ATP,and NADPH...sugar

Question 31

________ is the source of the oxygen gas released by a photosystem.

A)H₂O
B)Chlorophyll a
C)CO₂
D)C₆H₁₂O₆

Question 32

C₄ plants conserve water by ________.

A)shuttling CO₂ from the Calvin cycle to the water-splitting photosystem
B)keeping their stomata closed when the weather is hot and dry
C)growing very deep roots
D)running the Calvin cycle at night

Question 33

Where are photosystems located?

A)chlorophyll
B)thylakoid membrane
C)mitochondria
D)stroma

Question 34

The shorter the wavelength of visible light,the ________.

A)less energy absorbed by photosynthetic pigments
B)redder the color
C)more photons it contains
D)greater the energy

Question 35

What compound is found at the reaction center of a photosystem?

A)chlorophyll b
B)carotenoids
C)phycobilins
D)chlorophyll a

Question 36

Refer to the accompanying figure.Plant cells that contain the organelle responsible for photosynthesis are concentrated in cells of the ________.

A)roots
B)leaves
C)stomata
D)grana

Question 37

Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions.

The energy in the proton gradient above is ________.

A)potential energy
B)sunlight light energy
C)sugar energy
D)heat energy

Question 38

The light reactions of photosynthesis take place ________.

A)in the stroma
B)in the mitochondria
C)in the thylakoid membrane
D)in the cytosol

Question 39

Which of the following is the source of electrons for the light reactions?

A)C₆H₁₂O₆
B)CO₂
C)NADPH
D)H₂O

Question 40

Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions.

Which of the following BEST describes the direct mechanism of ATP production during photosynthesis?

A)use of the energy generated as hydrogen ions (H⁺)move up a proton gradient; this energy is used to make ATP
B)use of the energy released as excited electrons are passed from one molecule to another in the electron transport system; the energy is converted to the chemical bond energy of ATP
C)use of the energy stored in excited electrons; as the electrons move from the excited state to the ground state,the energy released is converted to the energy stored in the third phosphate bond in ATP
D)use of the energy stored in hydrogen ion (H⁺)gradients; the potential energy of the proton gradient is released as the protons move down their gradient through special membrane protein channels; this energy is converted to chemical bond energy in the ATP molecule

Question 41

Some plant species require shaded conditions while other plant species require bright sunlight.Shade tolerance is best related to which of these characteristics?

A)Different species of plants have different ratios of pigment molecules that utilize different wavelengths of light.
B)Plant leaves without a protective coating are subject to sunburn.
C)Some species of plants are able to produce sugar without ever having been exposed to sunlight.
D)Some species of plants are consumers and do not need sunlight.

Question 42

Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions.

How many times must the Calvin cycle turn for the plant cell to be able to produce one molecule of glucose?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)six

Question 43

Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions.

The Calvin cycle is sometimes called the "dark reactions." Could it take place if a plant were grown in the dark continuously?

A)No,because plants cannot take in CO₂ without sunlight.
B)No,because sunlight is needed to split water to provide NADH.
C)Yes,because taking in carbon dioxide,the only outside input to the Calvin cycle,does not need sunlight.
D)Yes,because plants have stored materials in their roots which can provide what the Calvin cycle needs.

Question 44

Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions.

If the interior of the thylakoid were not a sealed compartment ________.

A)There would be no location for the electron transport chain
B)Light would not be able to reach the photosystems
C)Water could not be split
D)The proton gradient could not be maintained

Question 45

Shade-tolerant plants have many adaptations for living in areas of low light.Predict whether each of the following processes would be high or low in comparison with other plants and choose the answer that is most CORRECT. Net photosynthetic rate
Chlorophyll per area of the leaf
Electron transport chain rate

A)high,high,high
B)high,high low
C)low,high,high
D)low,high,low

Question 46

Shade-tolerant plants have many adaptations for living in areas of low light.Predict whether each of the following processes would be high or low in comparison with other plants and choose the answer that is most CORRECT. Density of stomata on leaves
Leaf size
Carbohydrate storage

A)High,high,high
B)High,high,low
C)Low,high,high
D)Low,high,low

Question 47

Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions.

One of the compounds that is a direct output of the Calvin cycle is ________.

A)C₆H₁₂O₆
B)NADPH
C)G3P
D)ATP

Question 48

Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions.

The last stage of one complete turn of the Calvin cycle involves ________.

A)G3P production
B)oxidation of CO₂
C)regeneration of RuBP
D)sugar production

Question 49

Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions.

The first step of the Calvin cycle is the incorporation of ________ into ________.

A)O₂...G3P
B)RuBP...O₂
C)CO₂...RuBP
D)G3P...RuBP

Question 50

Please use the following information to answer the following questions.
You work for a company selling tropical rain forest plants commonly found in the understory of the forest.These plants are shade tolerant and can be grown indoors because they require low light.Your employer wants you to find out what is the best type of light to maximize growth of these understory plants.Using a full spectrum of natural light would cause these plants to die because they are a shade-tolerant plant species.
From your biology class,you recall that the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis involve pigment molecules that absorb light of specific wavelengths.You also remember the experiments done by the German biologist Theodor Engelmann,in which he separated light using a prism into different wavelengths and then determined which wavelengths were best for promoting photosynthesis in the algae species he was examining.Your goal is to determine which wavelengths (colors)of light are best for promoting photosynthesis to enhance growth in your species of plant.To achieve this,you grew your plants under different wavelengths of light and measured their growth rates.The wavelengths were measured in nanometers (nm),and the growth rate was measured in millimeters per day (mm/day).The data you collected are as follows:
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | } \hline \text { Wavelengths } & \text { Growth } \\\hline 400 \mathrm {~nm} & 0.33 \mathrm {~mm} / \text { day } \\\hline 450 \mathrm {~nm} & 0.46 \mathrm {~mm} / \text { day } \\\hline 500 \mathrm {~nm} & 0.88 \mathrm {~mm} / \text { day } \\\hline 550 \mathrm {~nm} & 0.12 \mathrm {~mm} / \text { day } \\\hline 600 \mathrm {~nm} & 0.54 \mathrm {~mm} / \text { day } \\\hline 650 \mathrm {~nm} & 0.28 \mathrm {~mm} / \text { day } \\\hline 700 \mathrm {~nm} & 0.08 \mathrm {~mm} / \text { day } \\\hline 750 \mathrm {~nm} & 0.00 \mathrm {~mm} / \text { day } \\\hline\end{array}$$ Make a bar graph plotting growth rates on the y-axis and wavelengths of light on the x-axis.Referring to your graph,answer the following questions:

-Of the following,which wavelength is LEAST useful to your plants?

A)650 nm
B)450 nm
C)550 nm
D)400 nm

Question 51

Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions.

If an herbicide blocked the Calvin cycle before the generation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P),which of the following statements would be TRUE?

A)The plant would still be able to make sugar,just a lot less.
B)No oxygen would be released by the plant.
C)No sugar would be made by the plant.
D)Only RuBP would be recycled.

Question 52

Please use the following information to answer the following questions.
You work for a company selling tropical rain forest plants commonly found in the understory of the forest.These plants are shade tolerant and can be grown indoors because they require low light.Your employer wants you to find out what is the best type of light to maximize growth of these understory plants.Using a full spectrum of natural light would cause these plants to die because they are a shade-tolerant plant species.
From your biology class,you recall that the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis involve pigment molecules that absorb light of specific wavelengths.You also remember the experiments done by the German biologist Theodor Engelmann,in which he separated light using a prism into different wavelengths and then determined which wavelengths were best for promoting photosynthesis in the algae species he was examining.Your goal is to determine which wavelengths (colors)of light are best for promoting photosynthesis to enhance growth in your species of plant.To achieve this,you grew your plants under different wavelengths of light and measured their growth rates.The wavelengths were measured in nanometers (nm),and the growth rate was measured in millimeters per day (mm/day).The data you collected are as follows:
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | } \hline \text { Wavelengths } & \text { Growth } \\\hline 400 \mathrm {~nm} & 0.33 \mathrm {~mm} / \text { day } \\\hline 450 \mathrm {~nm} & 0.46 \mathrm {~mm} / \text { day } \\\hline 500 \mathrm {~nm} & 0.88 \mathrm {~mm} / \text { day } \\\hline 550 \mathrm {~nm} & 0.12 \mathrm {~mm} / \text { day } \\\hline 600 \mathrm {~nm} & 0.54 \mathrm {~mm} / \text { day } \\\hline 650 \mathrm {~nm} & 0.28 \mathrm {~mm} / \text { day } \\\hline 700 \mathrm {~nm} & 0.08 \mathrm {~mm} / \text { day } \\\hline 750 \mathrm {~nm} & 0.00 \mathrm {~mm} / \text { day } \\\hline\end{array}$$ Make a bar graph plotting growth rates on the y-axis and wavelengths of light on the x-axis.Referring to your graph,answer the following questions:

-Which wavelength of light is the LEAST useful to your plant's growth?

A)750 nm
B)650 nm
C)550 nm
D)500 nm

Question 53

Please use the following information to answer the following questions.
You work for a company selling tropical rain forest plants commonly found in the understory of the forest.These plants are shade tolerant and can be grown indoors because they require low light.Your employer wants you to find out what is the best type of light to maximize growth of these understory plants.Using a full spectrum of natural light would cause these plants to die because they are a shade-tolerant plant species.
From your biology class,you recall that the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis involve pigment molecules that absorb light of specific wavelengths.You also remember the experiments done by the German biologist Theodor Engelmann,in which he separated light using a prism into different wavelengths and then determined which wavelengths were best for promoting photosynthesis in the algae species he was examining.Your goal is to determine which wavelengths (colors)of light are best for promoting photosynthesis to enhance growth in your species of plant.To achieve this,you grew your plants under different wavelengths of light and measured their growth rates.The wavelengths were measured in nanometers (nm),and the growth rate was measured in millimeters per day (mm/day).The data you collected are as follows:
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | } \hline \text { Wavelengths } & \text { Growth } \\\hline 400 \mathrm {~nm} & 0.33 \mathrm {~mm} / \text { day } \\\hline 450 \mathrm {~nm} & 0.46 \mathrm {~mm} / \text { day } \\\hline 500 \mathrm {~nm} & 0.88 \mathrm {~mm} / \text { day } \\\hline 550 \mathrm {~nm} & 0.12 \mathrm {~mm} / \text { day } \\\hline 600 \mathrm {~nm} & 0.54 \mathrm {~mm} / \text { day } \\\hline 650 \mathrm {~nm} & 0.28 \mathrm {~mm} / \text { day } \\\hline 700 \mathrm {~nm} & 0.08 \mathrm {~mm} / \text { day } \\\hline 750 \mathrm {~nm} & 0.00 \mathrm {~mm} / \text { day } \\\hline\end{array}$$ Make a bar graph plotting growth rates on the y-axis and wavelengths of light on the x-axis.Referring to your graph,answer the following questions:

-Which wavelength is best for your plants' growth?

A)650 nm
B)550 nm
C)500 nm
D)400 nm