Deck 25: Hormones

Question 1

Steroid hormones ________.

A)begin their action outside the membrane
B)usually diffuse through the plasma membrane into target cells
C)bind to receptors in the plasma membrane
D)are water soluble

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In general,hormones that bind to plasma membrane receptors ________.

A)are steroid hormones
B)bind to DNA and cause changes in transcription
C)cannot pass through cell membranes
D)are produced in the interstitial fluid

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following hormones is made by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary?

A)estrogen
B)growth hormone
C)ADH
D)insulin

Answer 3

C

Question 4

If a cell is like a house,which one of the following is most similar to the way that a steroid hormone works?

A)A postal worker leaves mail for you at your front door.
B)A visitor to your home knocks on your front door.
C)Radio signals are received by a stereo in your bedroom.
D)You walk outside of your home to get a better signal on your cell phone.

Question 5

Which of the following is a nonsteroid hormone?

A)glucagon
B)a progestin
C)a glucocorticoid
D)androgen

Question 6

Which of the following hormones affects the greatest variety of cell types?

A)prolactin
B)insulin
C)growth hormone
D)calcitonin

Question 7

Which of the following is part of the brain?

A)thymus
B)hypothalamus
C)adrenal cortex
D)thyroid

Question 8

One of your best friends loves to run long distances.You ask her what she enjoys about running.In addition to good physical fitness,she tells you that after a run she feels extra happy.You suspect that her joy might be related to increased production of ________ by the anterior pituitary gland.

A)endorphins
B)releasing hormones
C)prolactin
D)adrenalin

Question 9

Hormones are usually transported through ________ and affect only cells with ________.

A)ducts...specific receptors
B)intercellular junctions...cell junctions
C)blood vessels...specific receptors
D)blood vessels...cell junctions

Question 10

Hormones regulate ________.

A)growth,only
B)reproduction,only
C)metabolism,only
D)Growth,reproduction,and metabolism are regulated by hormones.

Question 11

Water-soluble hormones can cause different effects in different cells depending on the type of cell and ________.

A)its signal transduction pathway
B)the particular organelle that is targeted
C)the binding of the hormone to either DNA or RNA
D)the type of ribosomes in the cell

Question 12

Which gland requires the element iodine to produce its hormones?

A)thyroid
B)pineal
C)anterior pituitary
D)ovary

Question 13

Which of these hormones acts in opposition to diuretics such as alcohol?

A)ADH
B)glucagon
C)HGH
D)FSH

Question 14

Which one of the following statements is TRUE?

A)The anterior pituitary is composed of nervous tissue.
B)The anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary work together to secrete the same hormones.
C)Inhibiting hormones make the anterior pituitary secrete hormones.
D)The pituitary secretes hormones that influence numerous body functions.

Question 15

Which of the following has both endocrine and nonendocrine functions?

A)pancreas
B)salivary gland
C)anterior pituitary gland
D)skeletal muscle

Question 16

Eating very spicy food stimulates the release of ________.

A)endorphins
B)insulin
C)glucagon
D)calcitonin

Question 17

Generally,a cell that is affected by a particular steroid hormone would be expected to have ________.

A)DNA sites that interact with the hormone
B)a receptor inside the cell that binds the hormone
C)a cell-surface receptor that binds the hormone
D)enzymes that are activated or inactivated by the hormone's second messenger

Question 18

Which of the following choices INCORRECTLY pairs an endocrine gland or hormone with an aspect of metabolism that it regulates?

A)TSH-thyroid hormone
B)pancreas-blood glucose levels
C)prolactin-blood potassium levels
D)ovary-female sexual characteristics

Question 19

Steroid hormones ________.

A)usually trigger a signal transduction pathway when they bind to a membrane receptor
B)usually bind to mRNA in the cytoplasm to initiate transcription
C)usually bind to receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus
D)usually bind to rRNA to prevent translation

Question 20

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)is a hormone that ________.

A)helps to regulate the female menstrual cycle
B)stimulates general body growth
C)raises blood glucose levels
D)regulates hair growth and skin growth

Question 21

________ can be a symptom of hypothyroidism.

A)Goiter
B)A low sperm count
C)Graves' disease
D)Hyperactivity

Question 22

Jenny is losing weight,has poor tolerance to heat,and has mood swings,high blood pressure,and a rapid heart rate.She has very high levels of thyroid hormone,high levels of TSH,and a goiter.Which of these diagnoses is the most likely for Jenny's condition?

A)defective thyroid hormone receptors in the body cells
B)insufficient iodine in the diet
C)defective receptors for thyroid hormone control by the anterior pituitary
D)too much iodine in the diet

Question 23

Estrogens stimulate the development of ________.

A)breasts
B)a low-pitched voice
C)sperm production
D)facial hair

Question 24

What is the metabolic abnormality that underlies the characteristic symptoms of diabetes mellitus,such as frequent urination?

A)a failure of the kidney tubules to reabsorb enough glucose from the urine
B)a failure of the gastrointestinal epithelium to absorb enough glucose from food
C)an inability of the body's cells to retain glucose they have absorbed from the blood
D)an inability of the body's cells to absorb enough glucose from the blood

Question 25

Hyposecretion of ________ may inhibit your response to stress.

A)ACTH
B)insulin
C)HGH
D)prolactin

Question 26

Which of the following glands secretes hormones that enable the body to respond to stress?

A)pancreas
B)adrenal
C)pineal
D)parathyroid

Question 27

Which of the following best describes the relationship of insulin to glucagon?

A)They work together to prepare the body to deal with stress.
B)Insulin stimulates the pancreas to secrete glucagon.
C)High levels of insulin inhibit pancreatic secretion of glucagon.
D)They are antagonistic hormones.

Question 28

Which of the following glands is located nearest the kidneys?

A)ovaries
B)pineal gland
C)thyroid gland
D)adrenal glands

Question 29

Which of the following is secreted by a sexually mature woman?

A)testosterone,only
B)estrogen,only
C)progestins,only
D)All of these are secreted by a sexually mature woman.

Question 30

Natalie is lethargic,has poor tolerance to cold,and the amount of thyroid hormone in her body is low even though the level of TSH is high.Natalie has a goiter.Which of these diagnoses is the most likely for Natalie's condition?

A)defective thyroid hormone receptors in the body cells
B)insufficient iodine in the diet
C)defective receptors for thyroid hormone control by the anterior pituitary
D)too much iodine in the diet

Question 31

Which structure exerts primary control over the concentration of sugar in the blood?

A)liver
B)pituitary
C)pineal
D)pancreas

Question 32

Which of the following is(are)mostly involved in a long-lasting response to stress?

A)mineralocorticoids
B)glucocorticoids
C)androgens
D)oxytocin

Question 33

Which of the following is almost always associated with being overweight and underactive?

A)type 1 diabetes
B)type 2 diabetes
C)type 3 diabetes
D)hypoglycemia

Question 34

Which of the following hormones can make a person susceptible to infection when administered for too long as a drug?

A)glucagon
B)growth hormone
C)glucocorticoids
D)antidiuretic hormone

Question 35

Which of the following hormones causes a rise in the concentration of glucose in the blood?

A)insulin
B)glucagon
C)melatonin
D)calcitonin

Question 36

Nate is gaining weight,is often tired,and feels cold.His thyroid hormone level is high as is the level of TSH.Nate also has a goiter.Which of these diagnoses is the most likely for Nate's condition?

A)defective thyroid hormone receptors in his body cells
B)insufficient iodine in his diet
C)defective receptors for thyroid hormone control by the anterior pituitary
D)too much iodine in the diet

Question 37

If body cells have too few receptors for insulin,________.

A)the insulin level is likely to decrease
B)the blood glucose level may rise to abnormal levels
C)the liver will need to break down more glycogen
D)more glucagon will be needed

Question 38

Epinephrine ________.

A)decreases metabolic rate
B)decreases heart rate
C)increases absorption of glucose by the digestive tract
D)increases breathing rate

Question 39

Which of the following are sex hormones?

A)androgens,only
B)estrogens,only
C)progestins,only
D)All of these are sex hormones.

Question 40

When the concentration of glucose in the blood rises following the digestion of a meal,what is the hormonal response?

A)Increased amounts of both glucagon and insulin are released.
B)An increased amount of glucagon is released.
C)An increased amount of insulin is released.
D)Glucagon and insulin levels in the blood stay the same.

Question 41

Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions.

Examine the figure below.If blood glucose levels decline,________.

A)the pancreas releases more glucagon,which causes glucose to be released into the blood
B)the pancreas releases more insulin,which causes glucose to be released into the blood
C)body cells take up more glucose
D)liver cells convert glucose to glycogen

Question 42

Which of these is an example of the action of an endocrine disruptor?

A)BPA in bottles affects particular glands.
B)Feedback from estrogen inhibits FSH.
C)Lack of iodine prevents synthesis of adequate thyroid hormone.
D)Lowered levels of calcitonin causes increased bone density.

Question 43

Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions.

What is special about the target cells that allows them to respond to the hormone? Only the target cells ________.

A)are close enough to the blood vessels to respond
B)touch the blood vessels
C)have specific receptors to the hormone
D)located in organs next to the kidneys can respond

Question 44

Many cases of pediatric thyroid cancer occurred after the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear accident in Ukraine and the cause was traced to milk containing iodine-131.Which of these might be the most effective method to prevent thyroid cancer increase following exposure to excessive radiation?

A)Do not allow anyone to drink any milk.
B)Give dairy cows large doses of iodine.
C)Give humans large doses of iodine before exposure.
D)Give people large doses of iodine a few days following exposure.

Question 45

Which of these is generally considered a benefit of synthetic hormones?

A)effects on kidney and liver
B)cardiovascular effects
C)increased hostility
D)mimicking estrogen

Question 46

Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions.

Examine the figure below.The behavior exhibited by these elephant seals is promoted by ________.

A)growth hormone,which has brought about full body size
B)testosterone,which has brought about sexual maturity
C)calcitonin,which has produced strong bones
D)antagonistic hormones,which cause aggression

Question 47

Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions.

As this boxer is finishing his fight,which of these hormone is NOT likely to be elevated?

A)adrenalin
B)ADH
C)insulin
D)androgens

Question 48

Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions.

The hormone being released from the organs shown in the figure is likely to be ________.

A)adrenalin
B)growth
C)testosterone
D)calcitonin

Question 49

Please read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by loss of bone mass and an increased susceptibility to bone fractures.It threatens more than half of all Americans over the age of 50.Women are about four times more likely to suffer from the disease than men.Osteoporosis may progress undetected until bones become so weak that they break during common activities.Prevention of osteoporosis includes regular weight-bearing exercise,recommended intake of calcium and vitamin D,and avoidance of smoking and excessive alcohol.
Astronauts returning from long periods in space often have very fragile bones.This is likely related to ________.

A)overproduction of thyroid hormone
B)lack of gravity
C)diet lacking in calcium
D)excessive production of ADH

Question 50

Which of these behaviors is NOT associated with androgens?

A)body-slamming elephant seals
B)mating songs in frogs
C)territorial battles in fish
D)maturation of ovaries in bears

Question 51

Please read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by loss of bone mass and an increased susceptibility to bone fractures.It threatens more than half of all Americans over the age of 50.Women are about four times more likely to suffer from the disease than men.Osteoporosis may progress undetected until bones become so weak that they break during common activities.Prevention of osteoporosis includes regular weight-bearing exercise,recommended intake of calcium and vitamin D,and avoidance of smoking and excessive alcohol.
Calcium levels are regulated by antagonistic hormones.This is likely because ________.

A)calcium has to be produced by the body and that production must be regulated
B)bone formation occurs only during puberty when many other hormones are present,thus careful regulation is necessary
C)both too much and too little calcium can have disastrous effects on the body,thus the levels need tight regulation
D)calcium is needed to repair bone fractures,so antagonistic hormones make sure it is available when needed

Question 52

Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions.

If the boxer wanted to be more confident and less stressed as he entered the fight,a good strategy would be to ________.

A)eat a large amount of carbohydrates to be sure glucose is properly regulated
B)assume a power pose for a period of time before the fight
C)drink milk to increase the amount of calcium in his blood
D)take iodide tablets to insure that sufficient thyroxin is produced