Deck 19: Blood

Question 1

Whole blood for testing in a clinical laboratory is usually collected from

A) the heart.
B) a superficial artery.
C) a superficial vein.
D) a capillary.
E) an arteriole.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

You are caring for an adult patient who weighs 48 kg. What would her approximate blood volume be?

A) 6.6 L
B) 6.0 L
C) 5.6 L
D) 4.8 L
E) 3.8 L

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Consider the following results from a blood lab test. Which value is most likely abnormal?

A) RBCs-5.2 million/µl
B) platelets-280,000/µl
C) leukocytes-8600/µl
D) hemoglobin-10.7 g/100 ml
E) hematocrit-44 percent

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The total volume of blood in the body of a 76-kg man is approximately ________ liters.

A) 10
B) 6 to 8
C) 5.3
D) 4.4
E) 3.8

Question 5

The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the

A) viscosity.
B) specific gravity.
C) packed volume.
D) hematocrit.
E) differential cell count.

Question 6

Blood volume represents about ________ percent of a person's body weight.

A) 7
B) 15
C) 2
D) 25
E) 42

Question 7

The combination of plasma and formed elements is called

A) serum.
B) lymph.
C) whole blood.
D) extracellular fluid.
E) packed blood.

Question 8

The chief difference between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the concentration of

A) water.
B) electrolytes.
C) nitrogen wastes.
D) proteins.
E) glucose.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about blood is false?

A) Blood contains buffers that control pH.
B) The normal pH of blood is 6.8 to 7.0.
C) Blood is more viscous than water.
D) Blood is about 55 percent plasma.
E) Cells in blood comprise the formed elements.

Question 10

Plasma is closest in composition to

A) urine.
B) isotonic saline solution.
C) sterile water.
D) CSF.
E) interstitial fluid.

Question 11

A person who has a low blood volume is said to be

A) hypovolemic.
B) hypervolemic.
C) normovolemic.
D) isovolemic.
E) antivolemic.

Question 12

Which of the following is not one of the formed elements of blood?

A) RBCs
B) platelets
C) antibodies
D) lymphocytes
E) basophils

Question 13

Thyroid-binding globulin is an example of which kind of plasma protein?

A) metalloprotein
B) steroid-binding
C) hormone-binding
D) apolipoprotein
E) transport albumin

Question 14

A typical adult hematocrit is

A) 85.
B) 75.
C) 65.
D) 45.
E) 25.

Question 15

Transferrin is an example of which kind of plasma protein?

A) metalloprotein
B) steroid-binding protein
C) hormone-binding protein
D) apolipoprotein
E) transport albumin

Question 16

A hematocrit provides information on

A) blood type.
B) clotting factors.
C) formed elements abundance.
D) plasma composition.
E) sedimentation rate.

Question 17

Approximately 45 percent of blood volume is composed of the

A) clotting factors.
B) formed elements.
C) leukocytes.
D) plasma.
E) antibodies.

Question 18

The most abundant component of plasma is

A) ions.
B) proteins.
C) water.
D) gases.
E) nutrients.

Question 19

Plasma composes about ________ percent of whole blood and water composes ________ percent of the plasmavolume.

A) 55; 92
B) 92; 7
C) 92; 55
D) 45; 55
E) 50; 50

Question 20

Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood, except a

A) temperature of approximately 38 degrees Celsius.
B) viscosity about the same as water.
C) pH of 7.4.
D) built-in system for clotting.
E) red color from hemoglobin.

Question 21

The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if

A) the diet is deficient in iron.
B) there is insufficient heme in the hemoglobin.
C) a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal.
D) red blood cells bind too much oxygen.
E) hemolysis is prevented by a mutated gene.

Question 22

A plasma protein essential for blood clotting is

A) albumin alpha.
B) fibrinogen.
C) immunoglobulin A.
D) metalloprotein D.
E) lipoprotein C.

Question 23

Jane has been taking the antibiotic chloramphenicol for a few weeks as treatment for a serious bacterialinfection. There is a possibility that a future side effect of long-term antibiotic therapy could cause her to develop problems in blood cell counts. The result is

A) autoimmune disease.
B) aplastic anemia.
C) drug resistance.
D) thrombocytopenia.
E) erythroblastosis.

Question 24

Which of these proteins functions to store or transport iron?

A) hemoglobin
B) ferritin
C) hemosiderin
D) transferrin
E) ferritin, hemosiderin, and transferrin

Question 25

All of the following are functions of blood except

A) regulating pH.
B) transporting gases and hormones.
C) generating action potentials.
D) defending against pathogens.
E) regulating ion concentration.

Question 26

In what way does blood assist in immune function?

A) Platelets allow clotting.
B) Red blood cells transport gases.
C) White blood cells defend against pathogens.
D) Albumins transport hormones.
E) Plasma antibodies and white blood cells defend against pathogens.

Question 27

Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is false?

A) Red cells are biconcave discs.
B) Red cells lack mitochondria.
C) Red cells are about 18 µm in diameter.
D) Red cells are specialized for carrying oxygen.
E) Red cells can form stacks called rouleaux.

Question 28

You have spent 24 hours traveling from the U.S to New Zealand, on quite a few airplanes with many stops.Because of the stress, changes in time zones, and short blocks of time between planes, you find yourself tired with a headache when you arrive. You are severely dehydrated. A hematocrit value of your blood would be ________ than normal because ________.

A) lower; more red blood cells are being made by the bone marrow
B) higher; you have less blood plasma volume
C) lower; the bone marrow is making fewer red blood cells due to the latitude of the airplanes
D) higher; more plasma proteins are made by the liver
E) lower; you have less blood plasma volume

Question 29

Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?

A) pancreas
B) heart
C) kidney
D) brain
E) liver

Question 30

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone

A) thymosin.
B) angiotensin.
C) erythropoietin.
D) thymopoietin.
E) renin.

Question 31

The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are

A) globulins.
B) transport proteins.
C) albumins.
D) lipoproteins.
E) fibrinogens.

Question 32

In an emergency situation, a patient may be given plasma expanders while blood typing occurs. The plasmaexpanders are used to

A) stimulate blood clotting.
B) replace lost albumin.
C) increase blood volume and maintain osmolarity.
D) elevate blood pH.
E) stimulate immune responses.

Question 33

Which plasma protein transports fatty acids and some hormones?

A) apolipoprotein
B) steroid-binding protein
C) hormone-binding protein
D) albumin
E) gamma globulin

Question 34

Surgical removal of the stomach could cause

A) hemophilia.
B) pernicious anemia.
C) thrombocytopenia.
D) leukocytosis.
E) jaundice.

Question 35

Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the

A) albumins.
B) fibrinogens.
C) immunoglobulins.
D) metalloproteins.
E) lipoproteins.

Question 36

All the circulating red blood cells in an adult originate in the

A) heart.
B) thymus.
C) spleen.
D) red bone marrow.
E) lymph tissue.

Question 37

The primary reason males have a higher hematocrit than females is because

A) males have more skeletal muscle.
B) males have larger livers.
C) males have longer blood vessels.
D) males have fewer white blood cells.
E) males have androgens.

Question 38

The protein(s) that are the major contributors to plasma osmolarity is/are

A) globulins.
B) albumins.
C) fibrinogen.
D) lipoprotein.
E) transferrin.

Question 39

Antibodies are what type of plasma protein?

A) apolipoprotein
B) metalloprotein
C) steroid-binding protein
D) immunoglobulin
E) fibrinogen

Question 40

Blood that has clotting proteins removed is termed

A) whole blood.
B) hematocrit.
C) formed elements.
D) serum.
E) plasma.

Question 41

Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in the

A) spleen.
B) liver.
C) bone marrow.
D) digestive tract.
E) spleen, liver, and bone marrow.

Question 42

The function of hemoglobin is to

A) carry dissolved blood gases.
B) carry bicarbonate ion.
C) aid in the process of blood clotting.
D) produce antibodies.
E) stimulate erythropoiesis.

Question 43

Eileen is a strict vegan and therefore eats no animal products. She develops an anemia that her doctor thinks is caused by a nutritional deficiency. Which of the following is the likeliest candidate?

A) aplastic anemia
B) iron-deficiency anemia
C) sickle cell anemia
D) vitamin K deficiency
E) vitamin B6 deficiency

Question 44

More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is

A) albumin.
B) porphyrin.
C) hemoglobin.
D) immunoglobulin.
E) fibrinogen.

Question 45

In which of the following situations would you expect the blood level of bilirubin to be elevated?

A) during coagulation
B) an alcoholic with a damaged liver
C) iron-deficient diet
D) low hematocrit
E) low blood volume

Question 46

A bruise appears as a greenish spot in the skin because

A) hemoglobin has leaked from the blood into the injury and hemoglobin has a green color.
B) the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin.
C) bilirubin from iron recycling has built-up in the bruise.
D) red blood cells lyse releasing biliverdin from inside.
E) dead white blood cells accumulate at the site of injury.

Question 47

Mary is tested for the amount of hemoglobin in her blood. The test results indicate that her hemoglobinlevel is 16 g/dL of blood. This value indicates that

A) she is suffering from anemia.
B) she has fewer red blood cells than normal.
C) her hematocrit is probably lower than normal.
D) she may be suffering from a form of leukemia.
E) her hemoglobin level is normal.

Question 48

Excess iron is stored in the liver and spleen as

A) transferrin.
B) urobilin and stercobilin.
C) bilirubin and biliverdin.
D) hemoglobin.
E) hemosiderin and ferritin.

Question 49

________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced.

A) Polycythemia
B) Leukemia
C) Anemia
D) Leukopenia
E) Thrombocytopenia

Question 50

In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation,is the

A) liver.
B) spleen.
C) thymus.
D) red bone marrow.
E) yellow bone marrow.

Question 51

Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of

A) magnesium.
B) calcium.
C) iron.
D) sodium.
E) copper.

Question 52

The average life span of a red blood cell is

A) 24 hours.
B) 1 month.
C) 4 months.
D) about 1 year.
E) many years.

Question 53

A red blood cell that contains excessive amounts of hemoglobin would be called

A) hyperchromic.
B) normochromic.
C) hypochromic.
D) normocytic.
E) macrocytic.

Question 54

Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by

A) oral doses of iron.
B) injections of iron.
C) oral doses of vitamin B12.
D) injections of vitamin B12.
E) blood transfusion.

Question 55

If bile ducts are blocked,

A) more bilirubin appears in the plasma.
B) bilirubin appears in the saliva.
C) more hemolysis takes place.
D) more red blood cells are produced.
E) more white blood cells are produced.

Question 56

The function of red blood cells is to

A) carry oxygen from the cells to the lungs.
B) carry carbon dioxide from the lungs to the body's cells.
C) carry nutrients from the digestive system to the body's cells.
D) defend the body against infectious organisms.
E) carry oxygen to the cells and then carry away carbon dioxide.

Question 57

Which of the following would you expect to see in increased numbers in a peripheral blood sample after donating a unit of blood?

A) fibrocytes
B) platelets
C) reticulocytes
D) lymphocytes
E) neutrophils

Question 58

An obstruction in blood flow to the kidneys would result in

A) pernicious anemia.
B) renal anemia.
C) increased erythropoiesis.
D) decreased erythropoiesis.
E) increased sensitivity to vitamin K.

Question 59

The waste product bilirubin is produced from

A) globin chains of hemoglobin.
B) heme molecules plus iron.
C) heme molecules lacking iron.
D) iron found in hemoglobin molecules.
E) abnormal proteins found in red blood cells.

Question 60

The level of erythropoietin in the blood would rise due to all of the following except

A) anemia.
B) high altitude.
C) as a consequence of hemorrhage.
D) periods of fasting.
E) when blood flow to the kidneys is disrupted.

Question 61

When hemoglobin is saturated with oxygen atoms it is termed

A) carbaminohemoglobin.
B) deoxyhemoglobin.
C) oxyhemoglobin.
D) hemolyzed.
E) sickle hemoglobin.

Question 62

When hemoglobin does not have oxygen bound to hemoglobin it is termed

A) carbaminohemoglobin.
B) deoxyhemoglobin.
C) oxyhemoglobin.
D) hemolyzed.
E) sickle hemoglobin.

Question 63

People with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because

A) their blood cells lack A and B antigens.
B) their blood lacks A or B agglutinins.
C) their blood is plentiful in A and B agglutinins.
D) they usually have very strong immune systems.
E) they are usually Rh negative.

Question 64

In adults, erythropoiesis exclusively takes place in

A) the liver.
B) yellow bone marrow.
C) red bone marrow.
D) the spleen.
E) lymphoid tissue.

Question 65

Reticulocytes complete their development into ________ in the circulation.

A) neutrophils
B) megakaryocytes
C) thrombocytes
D) macrophages
E) erythrocytes

Question 66

The process of red blood cell production is called

A) erythrocytosis.
B) erythropenia.
C) hemocytosis.
D) erythropoiesis.
E) hematopenia.

Question 67

Which mature cell has no nucleus, no mitochondria and no ribosomes?

A) erythrocyte
B) leukocyte
C) platelet
D) thrombocyte
E) neutrophil

Question 68

Each hemoglobin molecule contains

A) four alpha chains.
B) one alpha and one beta chain.
C) four iron atoms.
D) one heme group.
E) a molecule of oxygen and a molecule of carbon dioxide.

Question 69

When carbon dioxide is bound to hemoglobin it is termed

A) carbaminohemoglobin.
B) deoxyhemoglobin.
C) oxyhemoglobin.
D) hemolyzed.
E) sickle hemoglobin.

Question 70

A person's blood type is determined by the

A) size of the RBCs.
B) volume of the RBCs.
C) chemical composition of the hemoglobin.
D) presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane.
E) shape of the RBCs.

Question 71

Which of the following is not a way that red blood cell shape is significant?

A) It gives the red blood cell a large surface area to volume ratio.
B) It allows fast exchange of gases between the inside of the cell and the plasma.
C) It enables red blood cells to form stacks.
D) It allows red blood cells to bend and flex.
E) It enables red blood cells to phagocytose bacteria.

Question 72

Erythropoiesis is stimulated when

A) oxygen levels in the blood increase.
B) carbon dioxide levels in the blood decrease.
C) blood flow to the kidney declines.
D) coagulation begins.
E) blood pressure increases.

Question 73

Type AB blood has which of the following characteristics?

A) RBCs have the Rh positive antigens and the anti-D plasma antibodies.
B) RBCs have no surface antigens and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma.
C) RBCs have both the A & B surface antigens and no ABO plasma antibodies.
D) RBCs have the A and the B surface antigens and the plasma has anti-A and anti-B antibodies.
E) RBCs have the A antigen and the plasma has the anti-B antibody.

Question 74

Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is

A) excreted by the kidneys.
B) excreted by the liver.
C) excreted by the intestines.
D) recycled to the red bone marrow.
E) stored in yellow bone marrow.

Question 75

________ are immature erythrocytes that are present in the circulation.

A) Erythroblasts
B) Normoblasts
C) Myeloblasts
D) Band cells
E) Reticulocytes

Question 76

Hydroxyurea is a common drug treatment for sickle cell anemia patients. Hydroxyurea improves sickle cellsymptoms because it

A) causes more hemoglobin alpha chains to be produced improving oxygen transport.
B) causes more hemoglobin beta chains to be produced improving oxygen transport.
C) increases the free iron in plasma.
D) stimulates the production of fetal hemoglobin improving oxygen transport.
E) increases the production of heme.

Question 77

During fetal development the primary site(s) of red blood cell production is/are

A) bone marrow.
B) liver.
C) thymus.
D) kidneys.
E) liver and spleen.

Question 78

The developmental stage at which erythrocytes enter the circulation is as

A) hemocytoblasts.
B) reticulocytes.
C) band forms.
D) myeloid cells.
E) proerythrocytes.

Question 79

Which of the following is true regarding red blood cells?

A) They are anucleate.
B) They survive for approximately one year.
C) They have a biconvex shape.
D) They are produced in the spleen.
E) They primarily carry carbon dioxide.

Question 80

Erythropoietin is a hormone

A) released by the liver to stimulate red blood cell production.
B) released by the liver to stimulate white blood cell production.
C) released by the kidneys to stimulate red blood cell production.
D) released by the kidneys to stimulate red and white blood cell production.
E) released by the bone marrow to stimulate red blood cell production.