Deck 20: The Heart

Question 1

The left ventricle pumps blood to the

A) lungs.
B) right ventricle.
C) right atrium.
D) aorta.
E) pulmonary circuit.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The atrioventricular valves permit blood flow

A) in one direction only.
B) in both directions.
C) in many directions.
D) in opposite directions on the right and left.
E) from a ventricle to an atrium.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The heart pumps approximately ________ liters of blood each day.

A) 8,000
B) 15,000
C) 20,000
D) 50,000
E) 100,000

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Contractions of the papillary muscles

A) close the atrioventricular valves.
B) close the semilunar valves.
C) eject blood from the ventricles.
D) prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria.
E) eject blood from the atria into the ventricles.

Question 5

Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the

A) right atrium.
B) right ventricle.
C) left atrium.
D) left ventricle.
E) conus arteriosus.

Question 6

Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the

A) aortic valve.
B) pulmonary valve.
C) mitral valve.
D) tricuspid valve.
E) bicuspid valve.

Question 7

The cusps (leaflets) of atrioventricular valves attach directly to

A) papillary muscles.
B) trabeculae carneae.
C) chordae tendineae.
D) interatrial septa.
E) coronary sulci.

Question 8

Most of the middle layer in the heart wall is composed of

A) cardiac muscle cells.
B) chondrocytes.
C) epithelial cells.
D) fibrocytes.
E) smooth muscle cells.

Question 9

The term used to describe fluid collecting in the pericardial cavity that restricts the movement of the heart is known as

A) cardiac tamponade.
B) mitral valve prolapse.
C) pleural effusion.
D) cardiomyopathy.
E) pericarditis.

Question 10

In the middle of the thoracic cavity is a region occupied by the heart, great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and trachea called the

A) pleural space.
B) pericardial space.
C) mediastinum.
D) cardiac notch.
E) ventral cavity.

Question 11

The earlike extension of the atrium is the

A) ventricle.
B) coronary sinus.
C) coronary sulcus.
D) auricle.
E) interatrial septum.

Question 12

Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the

A) right atrium.
B) right ventricle.
C) left atrium.
D) left ventricle.
E) conus arteriosus.

Question 13

The structure that permits blood flow from the right atrium to the left atrium in the fetal circulation is the

A) foramen ovale.
B) interatrial septum.
C) coronary sinus.
D) fossa ovalis.
E) ligamentum arteriosus.

Question 14

The right atrium receives blood from all of the following structures except the

A) coronary sinus.
B) superior vena cava.
C) inferior vena cava.
D) systemic circuit.
E) pulmonary veins.

Question 15

The adult heart is roughly the size of

A) the liver.
B) a man's clenched fist.
C) the gallbladder.
D) the hand of a 10-year-old.
E) the brain.

Question 16

The heart beats approximately ________ times each day.

A) 1,000
B) 10,000
C) 100,000
D) 1,000,000
E) 10,000,000

Question 17

The coronary sulcus is a groove that

A) marks the border between the atria and ventricles.
B) marks the boundary line between the right and left ventricles.
C) marks the boundary line between the right and left atria.
D) separates the atrioventricular valves from the atria.
E) separates the coronary arteries from the coronary veins.

Question 18

The visceral pericardium is the same as the

A) mediastinum.
B) parietal pericardium.
C) epicardium.
D) myocardium.
E) endocardium.

Question 19

The right ventricle pumps blood to the

A) right and left lungs.
B) left ventricle.
C) left atrium.
D) aorta.
E) right atrium.

Question 20

When a blood clot forms on a ruptured plaque in a coronary artery, the condition is referred to as a(n)

A) coronary spasm.
B) myocardial infarction.
C) coronary thrombosis.
D) angina pectoris.
E) pulmonary embolism.

Question 21

Blood is supplied to the muscular wall of the left atrium by the

A) brachiocephalic artery.
B) right coronary artery.
C) left coronary artery.
D) phrenic arteries.
E) pulmonary arteries.

Question 22

Coronary veins empty into the

A) left atrium.
B) left ventricle.
C) right atrium.
D) right ventricle.
E) conus arteriosus.

Question 23

The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta are the ________ arteries.

A) pulmonary
B) coronary
C) circumflex
D) carotid
E) subclavian

Question 24

The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation?
1) right atrium
2) left atrium
3) right ventricle
4) left ventricle
5) venae cavae
6) aorta
7) pulmonary trunk
8) pulmonary veins

A) 1, 2, 7, 8, 3, 4, 6, 5
B) 1, 7, 3, 8, 2, 4, 6, 5
C) 5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6
D) 5, 3, 1, 7, 8, 4, 2, 6
E) 5, 1, 3, 8, 7, 2, 4, 6

Question 25

As blood leaves the right ventricle, it passes through the ________ and then into the pulmonary trunk.

A) pulmonary veins
B) conus arteriosus
C) aorta
D) inferior vena cava
E) superior vena cava

Question 26

The bicuspid or mitral valve is located

A) in the opening of the aorta.
B) in the opening of the pulmonary trunk.
C) where the venae cavae join the right atrium.
D) between the right atrium and right ventricle.
E) between the left atrium and left ventricle.

Question 27

The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located in the

A) right atrium.
B) left atrium.
C) right ventricle.
D) left ventricle.
E) interatrial septum.

Question 28

There are ________ pulmonary veins.

A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8
E) 12

Question 29

The ________ valve prevents backward flow into the left atrium.

A) semicaval
B) semilunar
C) bicuspid
D) tricuspid
E) pulmonic

Question 30

The pulmonary veins carry blood to the

A) heart.
B) lungs.
C) brain.
D) intestines.
E) liver.

Question 31

The right pulmonary veins carry ________ blood to the ________.

A) deoxygenated; left atrium
B) oxygenated; right lung
C) deoxygenated; superior vena cava
D) deoxygenated; right atrium
E) oxygenated; left atrium

Question 32

Which of the following are involved in the pulmonary circuit?

A) superior vena cava, right atrium, left ventricle
B) right ventricle, pulmonary veins, aorta
C) right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, left atrium
D) inferior vena cava, right atrium, aorta
E) left ventricle, pulmonary veins, right atrium

Question 33

The function of an atrium is to

A) store blood for use by the myocardial cells.
B) pump blood to the lungs.
C) pump blood into the systemic circuit.
D) pump blood to the ventricle.
E) collect blood then pump it to the ventricle.

Question 34

The pulmonary valve prevents backward flow into the

A) aorta.
B) pulmonary trunk.
C) pulmonary veins.
D) right ventricle.
E) left atrium.

Question 35

Cardiac cells damaged by infarction will show all of the following except

A) a switch to anaerobic metabolism.
B) release of enzymes into the circulation.
C) release of troponin T and I into the circulation.
D) release of CK-MB into the circulation.
E) an increase in metabolic activity.

Question 36

Blood is supplied to the myocardium by

A) the coronary sinus.
B) contact with blood in the pumping chambers.
C) the coronary arteries.
D) arteries that branch from the pulmonary arteries.
E) arteries that branch off the subclavian arteries.

Question 37

The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the

A) heart.
B) lungs.
C) brain.
D) intestines.
E) liver.

Question 38

Compared to the right ventricle, the left ventricle has all the following characteristics except

A) has a thicker wall.
B) is round in cross section.
C) pumps a greater volume.
D) works harder.
E) produces about four to six times more pressure when it contracts.

Question 39

Rupture of the papillary muscles in the left ventricle may result in

A) pulmonary valve regurgitation.
B) mitral valve prolapse.
C) tricuspid regurgitation.
D) tricuspid prolapse.
E) aortic valve prolapse.

Question 40

The marginal branch and posterior interventricular branch are branches of the

A) right coronary artery.
B) left coronary artery.
C) circumflex artery.
D) coronary sinus.
E) aorta.

Question 41

The heart lies within the ________ cavity.

A) peritoneal
B) pleural
C) orbital
D) dorsal
E) pericardial

Question 42

The ________ lines the chambers of the heart, covers the heart valves, and is continuous with the endothelium.

A) epicardium
B) myocardium
C) endocardium
D) visceral pericardium
E) mediastinum

Question 43

________ is the symptom generally brought on by coronary ischemia.

A) Angina pectoris
B) Memory loss
C) A rash
D) Hematuria
E) Fluid in the lungs

Question 44

The ________ circuit carries blood to and from the lungs.

A) pulmonary
B) systemic
C) oxygen
D) portal
E) primary

Question 45

The ________ covers the outer surface of the heart.

A) epicardium
B) myocardium
C) endocardium
D) parietal pericardium
E) mediastinum

Question 46

The ________ carry blood toward the heart.

A) arterioles
B) arteries
C) veins
D) lacteals
E) capillaries

Question 47

The inferior point of the heart is called the

A) apex.
B) hilum.
C) base.
D) septum.
E) mediastinum.

Question 48

The ________ is shared by the two ventricles.

A) vena cava
B) bicuspid valve
C) chordae tendineae
D) interventricular septum
E) trabeculae carneae

Question 49

The muscle layer of the heart is the

A) epicardium.
B) myocardium.
C) endocardium.
D) parietal pericardium.
E) mediastinum.

Question 50

The superior portion of the heart where major blood vessels enter and exit is the

A) apex.
B) hilum.
C) base.
D) septum.
E) mediastinum.

Question 51

Pericardial fluid

A) provides oxygen to the heart muscle.
B) is located between the myocardium and the endocardium.
C) is a lubricant between the heart and the pericardial sac.
D) consists of plasma that has leaked out of whole blood.
E) flows through the four chambers of the heart.

Question 52

The ________ circuit carries blood from the aorta to the right ventricle.

A) pulmonary
B) systemic
C) oxygen
D) portal
E) primary

Question 53

In a procedure known as ________, an inflatable balloon at the end of a catheter is used to press plaqueback against the vessel wall.

A) balloon angioplasty
B) coronary arterial bypass graft
C) intravenous catheterization
D) ablation
E) atherectomy

Question 54

The circumflex branch and the anterior interventricular artery are branches of the

A) right coronary artery.
B) left coronary artery.
C) interventricular artery.
D) coronary sinus.
E) aorta.

Question 55

Muscular ridges on the inner surface of the ventricles are called

A) coronary sinuses.
B) trabeculae carneae.
C) intercalated discs.
D) papillary muscles.
E) chordae tendineae.

Question 56

The great and middle cardiac veins drain blood into the

A) superior vena cava.
B) inferior vena cava.
C) coronary sinus.
D) coronary sulcus.
E) aorta.

Question 57

A procedure in which a length of the patient's vein or artery is used to create a detour around an obstruction in a coronary artery is called

A) balloon angioplasty.
B) coronary artery bypass graft.
C) intravenous catheterization.
D) ablation.
E) atherectomy.

Question 58

The term ________ refers to blockage in the coronary circulation.

A) congestive heart failure
B) atherosclerosis
C) coronary artery disease
D) embolism
E) phlebitis

Question 59

The ________ carry blood away from the heart.

A) arterioles
B) arteries
C) veins
D) venules
E) capillaries

Question 60

Oxygen is added to blood as it flows through the ________ circuit.

A) pulmonary
B) systemic
C) oxygen
D) portal
E) primary

Question 61

A hole in the interventricular septum in an infant may cause all of the following symptoms except

A) mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood.
B) a murmur to be heard.
C) the heart to work harder.
D) the individual to have low peripheral oxygen saturation.
E) build-up of atherosclerotic plaque.

Question 62

These structures keep the aortic valve cusps from sticking to the wall of the aorta.

A) auricles
B) chordae tendineae
C) papillary muscles
D) pectinate muscles
E) aortic sinuses

Question 63

The coronary sinus drains the ________ into the ________.

A) coronary arteries; left ventricle
B) cardiac veins; right atrium
C) interventricular artery; left ventricle
D) right atrium; right ventricle
E) cardiac vein; right ventricle

Question 64

Cardiac muscle layers form this distinct pattern.

A) inner longitudinal layer
B) outer longitudinal layer
C) outer circular layer
D) figure eight
E) weave

Question 65

The ________ is an important ridge of muscle extending horizontally around the right ventricle from theinterventricular septum to the base of the anterior papillary muscle containing part of the conducting system.

A) auricle
B) pectinate muscle
C) trabeculae carneae
D) moderator band
E) conus arteriosus

Question 66

Which statement correctly describes the term left atrioventricular valve?

A) Its cusps open into the left atrium.
B) Its cusps open into the superior vena cava.
C) Its cusps open into the aorta.
D) Its cusps open into the left ventricle.
E) Its cusps open into the pulmonary trunk.

Question 67

Prominent muscular ridges in the anterior atrial wall and auricles are called

A) pectinate muscles.
B) conus arteriosus.
C) papillary muscles.
D) trabeculae carneae.
E) fossa ovalis.

Question 68

The endocardium consists of this type of tissue.

A) cardiac muscle
B) simple squamous epithelium
C) dense irregular connective tissue
D) reticular connective tissue
E) stratified squamous epithelium

Question 69

Thick projections of muscle in the ventricles that anchor chordae tendineae are called

A) pectinate muscles.
B) conus arteriosus.
C) papillary muscles.
D) trabeculae carneae.
E) auricles.

Question 70

Which valve(s) cusps open up toward the base of the heart?

A) right and left AV valves
B) aortic and pulmonary valves
C) left AV and aortic valves
D) right AV and pulmonary valves
E) right AV, left AV, aortic and pulmonary valves

Question 71

An MI that affects the ________ side of the heart is more severe because it has to pump blood with ________force.

A) right; less
B) right; more
C) left; less
D) left; more
E) right; equal

Question 72

Which chamber has the thickest wall?

A) left atrium
B) right atrium
C) left ventricle
D) right ventricle
E) left auricle

Question 73

A fine tubular wire mesh called a ________ may be inserted into a coronary vessel, holding it open.

A) angioplast
B) stent
C) angiogram
D) keyhole
E) catheter

Question 74

Which of the following is not true regarding the right atrioventricular valve?

A) It has 3 cusps.
B) It is also called the tricuspid valve.
C) It prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium.
D) The valve closes when the right atrium contracts.
E) The cusps provide one-way flow of blood.

Question 75

One possible consequence of untreated strep throat is a disease causing inflammation of heart called

A) rheumatic fever.
B) rheumatoid arthritis.
C) coronary thrombosis.
D) coronary ischemia.
E) angina pectoris.

Question 76

The ________ is a remnant of an important fetal blood vessel that once linked the pulmonary and systemiccircuits.

A) fossa ovalis
B) ductus arteriosus
C) foramen ovale
D) ductus venosus
E) ligamentum arteriosum

Question 77

Which of the following statements is true concerning differences between the right and left ventricles?

A) The right ventricle pumps with more force compared to the left.
B) The left ventricles pumps twice as much blood as the right ventricle.
C) The right ventricles pumps blood to the body, whereas the left ventricle pumps blood to the lungs.
D) The right ventricle is conical-shaped while the left ventricle is half-moon shaped.
E) The efficiency of the right ventricle is increased by the left ventricle because the wall of the left ventricle pushes into the right ventricle.

Question 78

The connective tissues of the heart are important for all of the following reasons except

A) they help distribute the forces of contraction.
B) they prevent overexpansion of the heart.
C) they provide support for blood vessels and nerves.
D) they produce the pericardial fluid.
E) they provide elasticity to help the heart return to its original shape after contraction.

Question 79

Rheumatic fever causes generalized inflammation of the heart called

A) rheumatoid arthritis.
B) coronary thrombosis.
C) carditis.
D) coronary ischemia.
E) myocardial infarction.

Question 80

Which valve(s) contains 2 cusps?

A) right AV valve
B) left AV valve
C) right and left AV valves
D) left AV and aortic valves
E) right AV and pulmonary valves