Deck 15: Axial Muscles

Question 1

Muscles that contract at the same time as the prime mover are called:

A)synergists.
B)fixators.
C)antagonists.
D)both A and B.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee. Which of the following is true?

A)The knee is acting as a fulcrum.
B)The movement is an example of a first-class lever.
C)The movement is an example of a second-class lever.
D)Both A and C are true.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Groups of skeletal muscle fibers are bound together by a connective tissue envelope called the:

A)endomysium.
B)perimysium.
C)epimysium.
D)aponeurosis.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

An aponeurosis could be described as a:

A)flat sheet of connective tissue connecting muscle to other structures.
B)sheath that surrounds tendons.
C)deep fascia that covers muscles.
D)junction between a neuron and a muscle.

Question 5

Which fibrous connective tissue structures have a lining of synovial membrane?

A)Tendon sheaths
B)Aponeuroses
C)Fascicles
D)Both B and C

Question 6

Purposeful movement is determined by:

A)the relationship of muscles to joints.
B)how muscles are attached to the skeleton.
C)the manner in which muscles are grouped.
D)all of the above.

Question 7

A muscle that assists with mastication is the:

A)orbicularis oris.
B)buccinator.
C)platysma.
D)masseter.

Question 8

Which of the following muscles has fibers on a transverse plane?

A)Rectus abdominis
B)External oblique
C)Transverse abdominis
D)Internal intercostals

Question 9

The muscle that draws the eyebrows together, producing vertical wrinkles above the nose (frowning), is called the:

A)epicranius.
B)corrugator supercilii.
C)orbicularis oculi.
D)orbicularis oris.

Question 10

Which muscle(s) form(s) most of the pelvic floor?

A)Levator ani
B)Coccygeus
C)Ischiocavernosus
D)Both A and B

Question 11

The connective tissue sheath that envelops bundles of muscle fibers is the:

A)epimysium.
B)endomysium.
C)periosteum.
D)perimysium.

Question 12

Skeletal muscles constitute approximately ____ of our body weight.

A)10%
B)25%
C)50%
D)75%

Question 13

The covering of individual muscle fibers is the:

A)epimysium.
B)endomysium.
C)periosteum.
D)perimysium.

Question 14

A muscle is attached to the femur and tibia. Its function or action is to bend the knee. When it contracts, it is acting as the:

A)antagonist.
B)prime mover.
C)fixator.
D)synergist.

Question 15

Which of the following muscle(s) function(s) to protect the abdominal viscera?

A)External oblique
B)Internal oblique
C)Transversus abdominis
D)All of the above

Question 16

The sternocleidomastoid muscle is an example of a muscle named for its:

A)function.
B)number of attachments.
C)size.
D)points of attachment.

Question 17

Which of the following is not a component of a lever system?

A)Fixator
B)Bone
C)Joint
D)Pull

Question 18

The type of lever arrangement in which the pull is exerted between the fulcrum and resistance or weight to be moved is a _____-class lever.

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth

Question 19

A muscle is attached to the femur and the tibia. When the muscle contracts, the knee bends. That would mean that the:

A)tibia attachment is the origin.
B)femur attachment is the insertion.
C)tibia attachment is the insertion.
D)Both A and B are correct.

Question 20

Muscles may be named according to:

A)function.
B)direction of fibers.
C)points of attachment.
D)all of the above.

Question 21

When a muscle contracts, the bone moved is the bone of insertion.

Question 22

The rectus abdominal muscle is an example of a _____ muscle.

A)convergent
B)parallel
C)fusiform
D)pennate

Question 23

The latissimus dorsi muscle is an example of a _____ muscle.

A)bipennate
B)convergent
C)spiral
D)fusiform

Question 24

Another name for a skeletal muscle cell is a(n):

A)muscle fiber.
B)fascicle.
C)aponeurosis.
D)fascia.

Question 25

The most common type of lever in the body is a _____-class lever.

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth

Question 26

Which of the following statements about the muscles of the head is incorrect?

A)They are paired muscles.
B)They have different actions depending on whether one or both parts of the pair contract.
C)The splenius capitis muscle is sometimes called the prayer muscle because it causes the head to bow.
D)All of the above statements are correct.

Question 27

Moving from superficial to deep, the connective tissue components would be:

A)epimysium, perimysium, endomysium.
B)endomysium, perimysium, epimysium.
C)perimysium, epimysium, endomysium.
D)perimysium, endomysium, epimysium.

Question 28

Another name for a sphincter muscle is a _____ muscle.

A)spiral
B)circular
C)fusiform
D)convergent

Question 29

The trapezius muscle functions primarily to move the shoulders. However, when the occipital bone acts as the insertion, the trapezius can:

A)bend and rotate the head toward the contracting side.
B)help extend the neck.
C)help flex the neck.
D)return the head to the upright position after flexion.

Question 30

Which of the following is not a group of pennate muscles?

A)Bipennate
B)Tripennate
C)Multipennate
D)All of the above are groups of pennate muscles.

Question 31

The prime mover can also be called the:

A)antagonist.
B)agonist.
C)fixator.
D)synergist.

Question 32

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A)The origin of the muscle is attached to the bone that does not move.
B)The insertion of the muscle is attached to the bone that moves.
C)When the muscle contracts, the insertion moves toward the origin.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 33

There are more than 600 muscles in the body.

Question 34

The soleus muscle is an example of a _____ muscle.

A)convergent
B)parallel
C)fusiform
D)pennate

Question 35

Which of the following statements about the muscles of the thorax is incorrect?

A)When the diaphragm contracts, it decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity and expels air from the lungs.
B)The muscles of the thorax assist in respiration.
C)The internal and external intercostal muscles have opposite effects on the ribs.
D)All of the above statements are correct.

Question 36

The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee. Its fibers run parallel to the body. Which of the following terms might be part of its name?

A)Rectus
B)Oblique
C)Femoris
D)Both A and C

Question 37

The pectoralis major muscle is an example of a _____ muscle.

A)convergent
B)parallel
C)fusiform
D)pennate

Question 38

There are more than ____ skeletal muscles in the body.

A)1200
B)900
C)600
D)1000

Question 39

The brachioradialis muscle is an example of a _____ muscle.

A)convergent
B)parallel
C)fusiform
D)pennate

Question 40

The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee. Its fibers run parallel to the body. Which of the following terms might be part of its name?

A)Extensor
B)Abductor
C)Flexor
D)Adductor

Question 41

The gluteus muscles are examples of muscles that are named by location.

Question 42

Groups of muscle cells held together by the perimysium are called fascia.

Question 43

Tendons and aponeuroses are both fibrous tissue extending from a muscle.

Question 44

Muscles usually act singly as a prime mover.

Question 45

The skeletal muscles are unique because they are the only organs made up of one kind of tissue.

Question 46

Tendons are continuous with the layer of connective tissue called the epimysium.

Question 47

Muscles usually originate distal to the point of insertion.

Question 48

Convergent muscles are said to be "featherlike" in appearance.

Question 49

Fascia is another term for epimysium.

Question 50

Contraction of the internal intercostal muscles elevates the ribs.

Question 51

In muscle terminology, the term rectus means straight.

Question 52

A set of scales and a pair of scissors are both examples of second-class levers.

Question 53

The insertion is that point of attachment that does not move when the muscle contracts.

Question 54

Muscle cells and muscle fibers are interchangeable terms.

Question 55

Just as individual bones are the organs of the skeletal system, individual muscles are the organs of the muscular system.

Question 56

In a lever system, the fixed pivot around which the rod moves is called the fulcrum.

Question 57

The muscles of facial expression are unique in that at least one of their points of attachment is to the deep layers of skin over the face or neck.

Question 58

Fascia is a general term for the fibrous connective tissue found under the skin and around muscle.

Question 59

Tipping the head back on its atlas is an example of a third-class lever.

Question 60

The direction of the fibers composing a muscle is not significant to its function.

Question 61

If a muscle causes the knee to bend, the insertion point is above the knee and the origin point is below the knee.

Question 62

No muscles are both muscles of facial expression and muscles of mastication.

Question 63

Antagonist muscles oppose the movement of the agonist muscle.

Question 64

Most muscles span a joint.

Question 65

Fixator muscles would most likely be found at the origin points of muscles rather than at the insertion points of muscles.

Question 66

The two muscle layers of the anterior and lateral abdominal wall have fibers running in different directions.

Question 67

In a second-class lever, the pull is exerted between the fulcrum and the load.

Question 68

If one of the sternocleidomastoid muscles contracts, it causes a different movement than if both of them contract.

Question 69

The two parts of the epicranium are connected by an aponeurosis.

Question 70

That which is considered the origin and insertion of a muscle may change under certain circumstances.

Question 71

Tendons anchor muscles to bone by attaching to the periosteum of the bone.

Question 72

There are more than twice as many muscles as there are bones in the body.

Question 73

First- and second-class levers are not as common in the body as third-class levers.

Question 74

Muscle can have only one origin attachment and one insertion attachment.

Question 75

The difference between a tendon and an aponeurosis is that a tendon is composed of connective tissue and an aponeurosis is composed of muscle tissue.

Question 76

Movement is one of the most distinctive and easily observed "characteristics of life."

Question 77

If a muscle causes the knee to bend, the origin point is above the knee and the insertion point is below the knee.

Question 78

In a first-class lever, the fulcrum lies between the pull and the load.

Question 79

The fascia found on the surface of the muscle is called the superficial fascia.

Question 80

Agonists and prime movers are interchangeable terms.