Deck 26: Endocrine Glands

Question 1

The structure referred to historically as the master gland is the:

A)pituitary.
B)adrenals.
C)hypothalamus.
D)thyroid.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The neurohypophysis serves as a storage and release site for:

A)ADH.
B)oxytocin.
C)prolactin.
D)both A and B.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The hormone most likely to cause a shift from glucose catabolism to fat catabolism is:

A)antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
B)TSH.
C)adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
D)somatotropin.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The hypothalamus produces:

A)somatotropin.
B)oxytocin.
C)lactogenic hormone.
D)melanocyte-stimulating hormone.

Question 5

The hormone that causes ejection of milk into the mammary ducts is:

A)prolactin.
B)estrogen.
C)oxytocin.
D)progesterone.

Question 6

The principal thyroid hormone is:

A)tetraiodothyronine (T4 or thyroxine).
B)triiodothyronine (T3).
C)calcitonin.
D)PTH.

Question 7

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases calcium absorption in the intestines by activating:

A)vitamin A.
B)vitamin C.
C)vitamin D.
D)iron.

Question 8

Which hormones are produced by the hypothalamus to control the adenohypophysis?

A)Tropic hormones
B)Releasing hormones
C)Melanocyte-stimulating hormones
D)Basophils

Question 9

The first step in the renin-angiotensin mechanism is:

A)angiotensin II circulates to the adrenal cortex, stimulating the secretion of aldosterone.
B)renin causes angiotensinogen to be converted to angiotensin I.
C)the juxtaglomerular apparatus secretes renin into the blood in response to a fall in the blood pressure within the kidney.
D)aldosterone causes increased reabsorption of sodium, which causes increased water retention.

Question 10

The vascular link between the hypothalamus and the adenohypophysis is called the:

A)circulatory system.
B)hypophyseal portal system.
C)vascular system.
D)releasing-inhibiting connection.

Question 11

Which of the following hormones is not secreted by the basophils?

A)Prolactin
B)Luteinizing hormone (LH)
C)Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
D)Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 12

Prolactin affects:

A)the adrenal cortex.
B)body growth.
C)skin color.
D)milk secretion.

Question 13

Gonadotrophs secrete:

A)GH.
B)LH and FSH.
C)TSH.
D)prolactin.

Question 14

Which of the following depends on maintaining normal levels of calcium in the blood?

A)Blood clotting
B)Cell membrane
C)Neuromuscular excitability
D)All of the above

Question 15

Growth of the ovarian follicle occurs because of:

A)LH.
B)estrogen.
C)progesterone.
D)FSH.

Question 16

Calcitonin:

A)decreases calcium storage in bones.
B)raises blood calcium levels.
C)has the opposite effect of parathyroid hormone.
D)reveals thyroid functioning in the protein-bound iodine (PBI) test.

Question 17

The principal action of thyrotropin-releasing hormone is stimulating the:

A)release of ACTH.
B)secretion of growth hormone.
C)release of TSH.
D)release of FSH and LH.

Question 18

Which of the following is not true of glucocorticoids?

A)Stress causes their release.
B)They cause an increase in the body's defense mechanisms.
C)They stimulate gluconeogenesis.
D)They are hyperglycemic.

Question 19

The mineralocorticoids of the adrenal cortex regulate or influence _____ balance.

A)calcium and sodium
B)sodium and chloride
C)sodium, potassium, and hydrogen
D)hydrogen and oxygen

Question 20

An abnormally high metabolic rate could be associated with the functioning of the:

A)thyroid gland.
B)parathyroid gland.
C)posterior pituitary.
D)thymus.

Question 21

High blood levels of ADH would be found in someone who has:

A)just eaten a meal high in sugar or other carbohydrates.
B)been working in high temperatures and is dehydrated.
C)a high level of calcium in the blood.
D)a low level of calcium in the blood.

Question 22

High levels of hCG in the body would indicate:

A)the production of thyroid hormone needs to be increased.
B)there was too much calcium in the blood.
C)a pregnancy.
D)the glucose concentration of the blood was too low.

Question 23

Which hormone stimulates uterine contractions?

A)Oxytocin
B)FSH
C)LH
D)Both B and C

Question 24

Release of PTH in the body would cause a(n):

A)increase in blood calcium.
B)decrease in blood phosphate.
C)decrease in vitamin D production.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 25

One of the few hormones that functions on a positive-feedback loop is:

A)ADH.
B)calcitonin.
C)oxytocin.
D)insulin.

Question 26

The type of cells that secrete ACTH are:

A)somatotrophs.
B)lactotrophs.
C)thyrotrophs.
D)corticotrophs.

Question 27

Thymosin is a hormone that plays a role in:

A)the rate of metabolism.
B)body growth.
C)immunity.
D)maintaining early pregnancy.

Question 28

The adrenal medulla secretes:

A)ACTH.
B)cortisol.
C)epinephrine.
D)glucagon.

Question 29

Insulin and glucagon affect the body's use of:

A)sodium.
B)potassium.
C)glucose.
D)calcium.

Question 30

The gland that serves in both an exocrine and an endocrine capacity is the:

A)pituitary.
B)pancreas.
C)adrenal.
D)ovary.

Question 31

Mineralocorticoids are released from which part of the adrenal gland?

A)Zona fasciculata
B)Zona reticularis
C)Zona glomerulosa
D)Adrenal medulla

Question 32

Which is not part of the pituitary gland?

A)Sella turcica
B)Infundibulum
C)Adenohypophysis
D)Neurohypophysis

Question 33

Which of the following is true of T₄?

A)It contains three atoms of iodine.
B)It binds more efficiently to target cell receptors than does T3.
C)It is a prohormone for T3.
D)All of the above are true of T4.

Question 34

The major hormone produced by the corpus luteum is:

A)progesterone.
B)estrogen.
C)LTH.
D)chorionic gonadotropin.

Question 35

The target cells for ADH are found in the:

A)kidney.
B)muscles in the walls of arteries.
C)osteoblasts in the bone.
D)Both A and B are correct.

Question 36

Which of the following is a function of glucagon?

A)Promotes the entry of glucose into tissue cells
B)Tends to decrease blood glucose concentrations
C)Tends to increase blood glucose concentrations
D)Converts glucose into glycogen

Question 37

Secretion of _____ is controlled mainly by the renin-angiotensin mechanism and blood potassium concentration.

A)aldosterone
B)cortisol
C)adrenal estrogens
D)norepinephrine

Question 38

Insulin:

A)tends to lower blood concentrations of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids.
B)promotes metabolism of glucose by tissue cells.
C)is produced by beta cells.
D)All of the above are true of insulin.

Question 39

The structure in the body that provides the "mind-body" link is the:

A)anterior pituitary gland.
B)hypothalamus.
C)posterior pituitary gland.
D)pineal gland.

Question 40

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is produced by the:

A)testes.
B)ovaries.
C)heart.
D)placenta.

Question 41

Glucocorticoids are released by which part of the adrenal glands?

A)Zona glomerulosa
B)Zona fasciculata
C)Zona reticularis
D)Both B and C

Question 42

Which is not true of the hormone somatostatin?

A)It is produced by the delta cells of the pancreas.
B)It inhibits the secretion of glucagon.
C)It stimulates the secretion of insulin.
D)Both B and C are not true of the hormone somatostatin.

Question 43

Growth hormone indirectly increases glucose metabolism.

Question 44

The pineal gland functions to support the body's biological clock.

Question 45

Which of the following statements is not true of the pineal gland?

A)It is located on the dorsal aspect of the diencephalon.
B)Melatonin is stimulated by the presence of sunlight.
C)It produces melatonin.
D)All of the above are true of the pineal gland.

Question 46

Thyroid hormone stimulates growth and tissue differentiation.

Question 47

The hormones that are produced by muscle tissue are called:

A)inhibins.
B)cytokines.
C)leptins.
D)myokines.

Question 48

The neurohypophysis is another name for the anterior pituitary.

Question 49

Most hormones released by the hypothalamus enter the hypophyseal portal system.

Question 50

The thyroid gland is the only endocrine organ that stores its hormones in another form for later release.

Question 51

Which is not true about the testes?

A)They are composed mainly of sperm-producing seminiferous tubules.
B)Interstitial cells produce testosterone.
C)Testosterone is regulated mostly by LH.
D)All of the above are true of the testes.

Question 52

Specific chemical-releasing factors made in the adenohypophysis are responsible for the release of ADH and oxytocin into the blood.

Question 53

Tropic hormones tend to have a generalized effect on the body.

Question 54

Which of the following statements is not true of the thyroid gland?

A)It usually consists of two lobes connected by an isthmus.
B)It is located in the mediastinum in the chest.
C)It contains a protein-iodine complex called thyroglobulin.
D)All of the above are true of the thyroid gland.

Question 55

When the amount of ADH increases, the body tries to get rid of excess fluid and the volume of urine increases.

Question 56

A major function of the pineal gland is the development of the lymphatic system.

Question 57

Gonadocorticoids are released by which part of the adrenal gland?

A)Zona glomerulosa
B)Zona fasciculata
C)Zona reticularis
D)Adrenal medulla

Question 58

FSH and LH are called gonadotropins because they stimulate the growth and maintenance of the gonads.

Question 59

Under stress conditions, the hypothalamus is a "go between," linking the cerebrum and the pituitary.

Question 60

Which hormone is used by some people to keep themselves youthful or to boost athletic performance?

A)Prolactin (PRL)
B)Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
C)Human growth hormone (hGH)
D)Oxytocin

Question 61

Some of the effects of aldosterone are water retention and increased blood pressure.

Question 62

Aldosterone influences the kidney tubules to retain sodium and potassium ions.

Question 63

Both epinephrine and norepinephrine can bind to sympathetic effectors to prolong and enhance the effects of the autonomic nervous system.

Question 64

Aldosterone secretion is controlled mainly by the renin-angiotensin mechanism and by the blood potassium concentration.

Question 65

Glucocorticoids are essential for maintaining a normal blood pressure.

Question 66

Parathyroid hormone causes the kidney to retain calcium and excrete phosphate.

Question 67

Calcitonin is a hypercalcemic hormone.

Question 68

Norepinephrine accounts for about 80% of adrenal medulla secretions.

Question 69

The tissue of the pancreas is made up of both endocrine and exocrine tissues.

Question 70

The major mineralocorticoid is aldosterone.

Question 71

An excess of parathyroid hormone can cause increased ossification of bone tissue.

Question 72

Insulin and glucagon exert antagonistic effects on blood levels of glucose.

Question 73

Diabetics produce an excessive amount of insulin.

Question 74

Hypercalcemia may be a cause of muscle spasms.

Question 75

Unlike thyroid hormone, calcitonin is said to have a "general" target.

Question 76

The center of the adrenal gland is the cortex.

Question 77

The renin-angiotensin mechanism is a negative-feedback mechanism that helps maintain homeostasis of blood pressure.

Question 78

Calcitonin decreases calcium storage in bones, thereby raising blood calcium levels.

Question 79

Cortisone is the only glucocorticoid that is secreted in significant quantities.

Question 80

Sex hormones are produced by the ovaries, testes, and adrenal glands.