Deck 4: Learner Differences and Learning Needs

Question 1

Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence includes what three distinct types of intelligence?

A)Analytic,practical,and meta-components
B)Creative,analytic,and practical
C)Insight,creativity,and practical
D)Performance,knowledge,and analytic components

Answer 1

Creative,analytic,and practical

Question 2

What type of learning style characterizes a person who is motivated to learn by external rewards and the desire to be viewed in a good light by others?

A)Analytic-processing
B)Deep-processing
C)Pattern-processing
D)Surface-processing

Answer 2

Surface-processing

Question 3

What psychologist developed the concept of mental age?

A)Binet
B)Gardner
C)Sternberg
D)Wechsler

Answer 3

Binet

Question 4

A five-year-old is found to have a mental age of seven on Binet's original IQ test.What is the estimate of the child's intelligence quotient?

A)115
B)130
C)140
D)170

Question 5

Compared to individual ability tests,a major limitation of group ability tests is that group tests

A)are more expensive to administer and more difficult to interpret than individual ability tests.
B)are less likely to produce an accurate picture of a person's abilities.
C)provide a measure of general,but not specific,abilities.
D)take much more skill on the part of the teacher to administer and interpret.

Question 6

A deviation IQ score indicates

A)how a person compares with others in his/her age group.
B)how close mental age is to chronological age.
C)the degree of how well mental age is related to a particular cognitive level.
D)the difference between scores on group and individual IQ tests.

Question 7

The type of language teachers and others should use when referring to students with disabilities is ________.

Question 8

The major difference between a disability and a handicap is that a disability is an inability to do something specific,such as being unable to hear or to walk,while a handicap

A)has both advantages and disadvantages.
B)is a disadvantage in certain situations.
C)is a disadvantage in most situations.
D)will become a disability.

Question 9

The theory that defines intelligence as encompassing at least eight separate kinds of intelligence is

A)Binet's theory of school-related intelligences.
B)Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences.
C)Spearman's g factor concept.
D)Sternberg's components view of intelligence.

Question 10

According to the work of Cattell and Horn (1963,1988),there are two types of intelligence:

A)Fluid and contextualized
B)Fluid and crystallized
C)Interpersonal and intrapersonal
D)Global and verbal

Question 11

Alan performs well on most academic and learning tasks,but he has some difficulty on a test involving memorization of numbers.Spearman's explanation for Alan's test scores is expressed best by the statement that Alan

A)has a high g factor but has problems with specific abilities.
B)has good specific abilities but lacks a strong g factor.
C)is skilled in learning but unskilled in memory.
D)lacks the general intellectual capacity to perform math well.

Question 12

Most psychologists today believe that intelligence is influenced

A)about equally by heredity and environment.
B)about 25 percent by heredity and 75 percent by environment.
C)about 75 percent by heredity and 25 percent by environment.
D)minimally by both heredity and environment.

Question 13

Approximately what percent of the general population scores over 100 on a standardized IQ test?

A)20
B)50
C)70
D)80

Question 14

Which one of the following statements is TRUE about intelligence?

A)It is generally regarded today to be a poor predictor of academic achievement.
B)It is theorized to be a collection of abilities by many psychologists.
C)The first formal intelligence testing was conducted by Plato.
D)Throughout history there has been general agreement about its meaning.

Question 15

A teacher who knows how to effectively use cooperative learning in his or her classroom is demonstrating

A)naturalist intelligence.
B)speed of processing.
C)linguistic intelligence.
D)crystallized intelligence.

Question 16

Based on the underlying idea of Gardner's theory,one might expect minor brain damage to

A)affect all types of functioning with about the same degree of impact.
B)cause more severe physical problems than mental problems.
C)interfere with one type of functioning but not affect other areas.
D)lower general intelligence but have less impact on specific types of intelligence.

Question 17

All children in Ms.Gray's math class can now solve subtraction problems,but Larry does them much more quickly and efficiently than most of his classmates.Sternberg would call this

A)automaticity.
B)flexibility.
C)insight.
D)meta-components.

Question 18

An intelligence quotient is a

A)score comparing mental and chronological age.
B)score derived from a group achievement test.
C)way of expressing an individual's mental age.
D)way to compare mental age with cognitive level.

Question 19

A major advantage of using standardized intelligence tests is that they

A)are good indicators of the underlying cognitive processes needed for successful test performance.
B)provide ways of comparing a child's performance with those of other children in the same situation.
C)reward students for original and novel responses as opposed to school achievement.
D)sample a wide variety of conditions under which intelligent behaviors can be observed.

Question 20

Woolfolk's position on the issue of labeling exceptional students is that such practices

A)are clearly detrimental and should not be continued.
B)are far more beneficial than harmful and definitely need to be continued.
C)have both positive and negative effects and need to be exercised cautiously.
D)should be used only with physical handicaps that do not affect mental or emotional functioning.

Question 21

Using the models of intelligence given by the text as a guide,define what is meant by intelligence.What are some factors that affect the reliability of intelligence tests?

Question 22

Having the ability to apply culturally accepted problem-solving methods is referred to as ________.

Question 23

Intelligence scores are computed today as deviation IQs rather than ratio scores.

Question 24

The average deviation IQ score for the general population is ________.

Question 25

The type of intelligence that increases until adolescence and then gradually declines with age is ________.

Question 26

The use of labels to describe exceptional children has both positive and negative consequences.Discuss those consequences in terms of their impact on the students and the regular classroom teacher.

Question 27

An individual who can retrieve information from his or her memory with great speed is demonstrating a high level of crystallized intelligence.

Question 28

Solving a geometry problem will require students to use both their fluid and crystallized intelligences.

Question 29

Zero reject is a basic principle meaning

A)children with disabilities who come from low income families must receive more federal funding than those who come from high income families.
B)aggressive children who bully other children must be removed from the class immediately.
C)it is acceptable to write an IEP for children with profound disabilities every other year rather than on an annual basis.
D)no students with a disability can be denied a free public education.

Question 30

The practice of labeling exceptional students is clearly detrimental and should be discontinued.

Question 31

An implication of the regular education initiative is that

A)more special education teachers will need to be trained for these classrooms.
B)special education classrooms will require additional resources.
C)teachers will need to be more knowledgeable about teaching handicapped children.
D)10 to 20 percent increases in student to teacher ratios in regular classes are necessary.

Question 32

According to Gardner,minor brain damage can be expected to affect all types of functioning with fairly equal impact.

Question 33

At the top of Carroll's three-tiered intelligence model is ________.

Question 34

A multiple-part description of intelligence that emphasizes competence and coping with new experiences and the environment is the theory of ________ intelligence.

Question 35

A relatively small positive change in deviation IQ scores can often be explained as a real improvement in intellectual skills.

Question 36

The theory of multiple intelligences consisting of at least eight separate entities was proposed by ________.

Question 37

Students who tend to be motivated by rewards and external standards take a ________-processing approach to learning.

Question 38

Carroll's intelligence model contains over 70 specific abilities.

Question 39

Inclusion,as it relates to special education,means that students will

A)be included in regular classrooms for each activity in the daily routine of the school.
B)become involved in the development and implementation of his or her IEP.
C)demonstrate normal ability within his or her handicapping condition.
D)participate in the typical subject-matter lessons in the school's regular classrooms.

Question 40

The French psychologist credited with developing the first intelligence test is ________.

Question 41

What is the largest category of students with disabilities?

A)Students who are slow learners
B)Students with a physical disability
C)Students with an emotional handicap
D)Students with a learning disability

Question 42

Which one of the following behaviors is an example of an articulation disorder?

A)Repeating a word several times in an utterance
B)Saying "wike" for "like"
C)Speaking in an inappropriate pitch
D)Speaking too slowly or too rapidly

Question 43

Students often complain about Debbie.Debbie is always speaking very loudly even when circumstances do not call for such behavior.What type of problem is she demonstrating?

A)Articulation
B)Oral language
C)Stuttering
D)Voicing

Question 44

Hyperactivity can be most accurately described as a

A)disease characterized by excessive nervousness.
B)neurological disorder causing short attention spans.
C)variable set of conditions with differing sets of causes.
D)variable set of conditions with a single cause.

Question 45

A student is having a generalized epileptic seizure.Your first response as the teacher should be to

A)insert a pen or pencil in his mouth to protect the tongue.
B)move hard objects away from the student.
C)seek medical assistance immediately.
D)try to restrain the student's movements.

Question 46

Greta is experiencing difficulty in Mr.Popanopoulous' class because she has different needs than many of the other students.Greta must use a variable-speed tape recorder to record the lessons,she often struggles with spasticity,and she frequently uses finger spelling as a method of communication.Which of the following disorders does NOT appear to describe Greta's possible condition?

A)Cerebral palsy
B)Epilepsy
C)Hearing impairment
D)Visual impairment

Question 47

Bill,age 16,is bright and articulate.His classmates watch him with great interest because he "will try almost anything." Unfortunately,his reading level is very low,probably no higher than fourth-grade level,and he does not succeed in most courses.This description of Bill would lead one to think first about the possibility of

A)a learning disability.
B)an emotional disturbance.
C)giftedness.
D)mental retardation.

Question 48

Charlene's school records indicate that she has been diagnosed with a learning disability.Mr.Fredericksen,her teacher for the new school year,will want to learn more about Charlene.However,his first reaction,based on the literature,is that Charlene will have problems

A)controlling her emotions.
B)paying attention.
C)reading at grade level.
D)thinking in a logical way.

Question 49

Peter is a student at Mainstreet High School.He has had problems in the past maintaining appropriate behavior in his science class.Mrs.Brady,a ninth-grade science teacher,observes Peter during a laboratory experiment in her class.Peter is very calm and composed since he began taking his medication for Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder.A problem with using drug therapy in treating this disorder is that

A)neither Peter's behavior nor his participation in learning activities has improved.
B)Peter's learning may not have improved even though his behavior improved.
C)Peter may develop chemical dependency for the medicine used to treat this disorder.
D)the expense of having to take the drug therapy may outweigh the benefits for Peter.

Question 50

Attention Deficit Disorder refers to a condition that

A)affects an individual's ability to focus on tasks and/or be patient.
B)affects an individual's physical and language abilities.
C)is characterized by excessive nervousness.
D)is described as a type of learning disability.

Question 51

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding stuttering?

A)It affects girls more frequently than boys.
B)It is more likely to occur in preschool than in adolescence.
C)It is not classified as a speech impairment.
D)The causes are well known,but treatments are not.

Question 52

In treating hyperactivity,the medication that seems to work best is

A)common aspirin.
B)depressants.
C)placebo prescriptions.
D)stimulants.

Question 53

Loni has a vision impairment and you notice that she seems to have fewer problems working from photocopied material than from materials copied by hand.This difference is likely due to the

A)better quality of the photocopied print.
B)difference in print colors.
C)kind of material being copied.
D)size of the printing.

Question 54

What type of intervention appears to be the most successful in helping students with attention deficits?

A)Behavior management strategies
B)Cognitive management training
C)Cooperative learning strategies
D)Socialization skills training

Question 55

What type of approach to understanding language seems best for students with hearing impairments?

A)A combination of speech and manual reading methods
B)Finger spelling only
C)Sign language only
D)Speech reading only

Question 56

All of the following student conditions are covered under Section 504 EXCEPT

A)diabetes.
B)alcoholism.
C)poverty.
D)students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Question 57

Tammy received her fourth F in her math class.She accepted the grade and believes that there is nothing she can do to improve her scores.Tammy appears to be experiencing

A)a math ability problem.
B)a passive learning problem.
C)learned helplessness.
D)poor study and attention skills.

Question 58

An IEP is a written plan for a specific student's education,and it must include

A)career goals.
B)needed transitional services.
C)specific educational goals.
D)specific educational goals,current functioning level,and career goals.

Question 59

Troy is frequently accused of day-dreaming during class.The problem has become annoying enough that his teacher has requested medical testing.These behaviors suggest the possible occurrence of

A)a generalized epileptic seizure.
B)a tonic-chronic seizure.
C)an absence seizure.
D)generalized cerebral palsy.

Question 60

Which one of the following situations is considered a language difference rather than a language disorder?

A)Delayed language development
B)Failing to adapt language to the context
C)Interrupted language development
D)Speaking in a strong dialect

Question 61

The largest category of students with disabilities includes students who are emotionally disabled.

Question 62

Students who continually move about and do not sit still for any length of time are described as ________.

Question 63

The largest category of students with disabilities consists of students with ________.

Question 64

A student who repeats stories over and over or share obscure facts about topics peers may find boring may have ________ or Asperger syndrome.

Question 65

An IEP should be prepared by a team that includes the child's parents or guardians.

Question 66

A disorder characterized by uncontrolled seizures is called ________.

Question 67

The unique instructional plan developed for each student with a disability is called a(n)________.

Question 68

Cerebral palsy is commonly characterized by overly tense muscles or ________.

Question 69

A disability and a handicap refer to the same condition.

Question 70

Students with learning disabilities also face another challenge in that they often have ________.

Question 71

The inclusion concept requires that even students with severe handicaps must be placed in a regular classroom for at least part of the school day.

Question 72

A type of speech impairment that is characterized by difficulty in producing sounds is a(n)________.

Question 73

The six dimensions of emotional/behavioral disorders include psychotic behavior.

Question 74

Many children with hyperactivity are made more manageable by being given stimulant drugs.

Question 75

More boys than girls are classified as hyperactive.

Question 76

In educating children with mental retardation,a modern orientation that stresses adaptation to community living is ________ programming.

Question 77

Classrooms in which teachers of students with disabilities and teachers of other students are involved in cooperative teaching are called ________ classrooms.

Question 78

Which one of the following students BEST illustrates the concept of learned helplessness as an explanation for failure by low socioeconomic status children?

A)Trina seeks help from her older sister in completing practically all of her homework assignments.
B)Michael decides that he has no chance of passing the seventh grade or getting out of school.
C)Brook never volunteers an answer,but hopes that the teacher will call on her.
D)Josh will only compete against smaller children while playing sports after school.

Question 79

An "oral" approach to communicating with children who have hearing impairments is speech reading.

Question 80

A strong belief that one is unable to succeed or make a difference in achievement is called ________.