Deck 6: Sex, Gender, and Sexuality

Question 1

With respect to athletes who have sex reassignment surgery,the main issue for sports organizations is whether male-to-female transsexual athletes have an unfair advantage in women's competitions.According to medical evidence:

A)they do not
B)they do
C)they do in some sports,but not all sports
D)there exists no definitive evidence regarding this issue

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Misogyny is defined as:

A)hatred of men
B)the opposite of hegemony
C)hatred of women
D)the dislike of sport,in general

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following provides the best answer? Students in school,from elementary to high school,use athleticism as:

A)a means to greater discipline and higher grades
B)protection against gender-based and homophobic bullying
C)a means to gain the respect of teachers and parents
D)a form of exercise and strength training

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Margaret Carlisle Duncan argued that the treatment of women athletes in the media is both:

A)derogatory and respectful
B)ambivalent and derogatory
C)seldom present and fleeting
D)decisive and respectful

Question 5

The argument that men produce more testosterone than women and therefore men play more contact sports is referred to by sociologists as:

A)social constructionism
B)biological determinism
C)structural-functionalism
D)symbolic interactionism

Question 6

Which of the following is best described as a product of a heteronormative culture?

A)homophobia
B)biological determinism
C)hetero-distinction
D)constructionism

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE?

A)Synchronized swimming has always been considered a female only sport.
B)Historically,figure skating was the domain of upper-class men.
C)Field hockey is popular for both men and women in present day Africa.
D)Girls have always faced higher gender barriers than boys around their sport choices.

Question 8

In sport sociology there is a widely held view that:

A)there is nothing inherently good about sport themselves
B)there is nothing inherently bad about sports themselves
C)there is nothing inherently good or bad about sports themselves
D)sport can only reinforce the existing organization of gender and sexuality,never challenge it

Question 9

Which of the following is FALSE regarding sex testing?

A)In the Olympics,only female athletes are subjected to sex testing.
B)No sex test has ever caught a man masquerading as a woman in a major sports event.
C)Both male and female athletes are sex tested in major sports events.
D)Chromosome tests are used to sex test athletes at the Olympics.

Question 10

References to and discussions about Hayley Wickenheiser,arguably the best female hockey player in history,is often accompanied by some mention of her son and parenting responsibilities.What would a sociologist of sport argue this demonstrates?

A)That female athletes are being treated more and more equally by the media.
B)That male athletes are unfairly not discussed in terms of their parenting skills.
C)This imposes a heteronormative frame over narratives that might otherwise threaten conventional assumptions about sex and gender.
D)This frames a woman's life in the only terms that the public can understand while,simultaneously,creating for women an athletic persona.

Question 11

Sport,law,education,popular music,media,and other social institutions tend to value heterosexuality more than other forms of sexual expression or identity.This is referred to as:

A)homophobia
B)heteronormativity
C)biological determinism
D)social constructionism

Question 12

As a theoretical perspective,social constructionism reminds us that:

A)that what is considered normal in terms of masculinity and femininity varies across cultures and time periods
B)masculinity is defined similarly across all cultures;femininity is not
C)femininity is a cultural universal in terms of the behaviours and appearance expected of women
D)biology determines both masculinity and femininity across all time periods

Question 13

That many sports are still considered more appropriate for one sex than for the other is referred to as:

A)sport typing
B)sport desegregation
C)a sport binary
D)sport dualism

Question 14

In studies of gender,_____ came to prominence as a critique of biological determinism.

A)structural-functionalism
B)symbolic interactionism
C)feminism
D)social constructionism

Question 15

Sociologist R.W.Connell has argued that _____ has come to be the leading definer of masculinity in mass culture.

A)media
B)family
C)education
D)sport

Question 16

Gender is best defined as:

A)dividing humans into groups based on their reproduction capacities
B)the feeling that a person has about being trapped in a body that is the wrong sex
C)what results behaviourally and naturally from being born a certain sex
D)the cultural expectations about behaviour,attitudes and appearance that are imposed ?on people

Question 17

Your friend Johnny confides in you that he is going to start living his life as a woman,even though he was born male.Johnny plans to take hormones,begin living his life as a woman,?and,perhaps later,have surgery to change his genitalia.Johnny is best described as:

A)schizophrenic
B)transgendered
C)a transsexual
D)genderless

Question 18

Hegemonic masculinity:

A)has long been discredited as useful or necessary in Canadian sport in the 21ˢᵗ century
B)is functional and needed in Canadian professional sports
C)is the ideal that helps secure patriarchal power
D)perpetuates the marginalization of white men in Canadian sport

Question 19

The classificatory scheme whereby we divide humans into groups based on their reproduction capacities is known as:

A)gender
B)sex
C)sexuality
D)sexual orientation

Question 20

According to the Intersex Society of North America,the rate of sexual indeterminacy is estimated to be about one in:

A)250
B)700
C)2000
D)15,000

Question 21

_____ is defined as discrimination or prejudice based on sex.

A)feminism
B)sexism
C)oppression
D)genderism

Question 22

In Canada,42% of those registered in _____ are female - one of the highest female sport participation rates of any sport.

A)hockey
B)football
C)baseball
D)soccer

Question 23

Which of the following is true of interuniversity sport in Canada?

A)The number of men's varsity sports teams far outnumbers women's varsity sports teams.
B)Most university athletes are women,corresponding to the fact that most university students are women.
C)Women have a greater chance of being on a varsity team at university than men.
D)The number of female coaches at university has dropped in the past two years.

Question 24

According to Susan Cahn,two main things shifted understandings of women's sport and helped open up athletic opportunities for women and girls.These two things were:

A)the feminist movement of the 1960s and 1970s and the fitness boom of the 1970s and 1980s
B)the Second World War and the feminist movement of the 1960s and 1970s
C)the feminist movement in the late 1800s and the feminist movement of the 1960s and 1970s
D)patriarchy and the fitness boom of the 1970s and 1980s

Question 25

Sport helps to construct the space that holds masculinity and femininity apart.Which of the following is NOT one of the points noted in the text that supports this idea?

A)There are sex-specific rules for male and female athletes.
B)Male and female athletes do not,for the most part,compete against one another.
C)Sports are often sex-typed.
D)Male and female athletes must wear different clothing when competing in their respective sports.