Deck 16: Growth and Change

Question 1

Compare a "here and now" focus to a "then and there" focus,being sure to give examples.

Answer 1

Answers will vary.

Question 2

A terrible industrial tragedy has occurred in your community,and many employees of a major company are affected.Describe an intervention that you could use to help these individuals cope with this traumatic event.

Answer 2

Answers will vary.

Question 3

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using an online group for social support?

Answer 3

Answers will vary.

Question 4

Design a methodologically sound study that you could use to validate,experimentally,the effectiveness of group therapy.

Question 5

What are therapeutic factors? List at least five of the therapeutic factors discussed in the text and give examples of each one.

Question 6

You are experiencing a personal problem and decide to seek help.What group-level options do you have?

Question 7

If you were leading a therapeutic group,what type of leadership method would you use? (Draw on chapter 9's analysis of leadership in your answer. )

Question 8

According to Kivlighan's study of the developmental process in therapeutic groups,when is the best time to help members develop skill in expressing anger and intimacy?

Question 9

If you were a group therapist,what norms would you instill in your group to minimize the possibility of (a)group causalities and (b)premature terminations?

Question 10

Use Alcoholics Anonymous to illustrate the basic characteristics of a support group.

Question 11

What would be the advantages and disadvantages of having two therapists leading a change group (one man and one woman)?

Question 12

If you have a psychological problem,would you seek a group approach to treatment? Drawing on the empirical literature,explain why or why not.

Question 13

Integrate social comparison theory,with its emphasis on upward and downward social comparison,with studies of therapeutic factors that stress the importance of the installation of hope and creating a sense of universality.

Question 14

Compare Freud's concepts of group psychotherapy to the humanistic approach.

Question 15

Compare the potential effectiveness of support groups and traditional psychotherapeutic groups by drawing on the concept of therapeutic factors.

Question 16

What are the advantages of group treatment compared to individual treatment?

Question 17

Compare individualized therapy methods to the techniques used by group psychotherapists.

Question 18

Bert has trouble expressing his feelings,so he joins a cognitive-behavioral therapy group and in time learns to talk about how he feels.How did he learn this skill?

Question 19

Trace the history of the use of groups for interpersonal training,beginning with the original use of T-groups by Lewin.

Question 20

Develop the outline for a workshop that you could use to help people deliver positive,complimentary information to co-workers more effectively.Be certain to identity each of the five steps that are usually included in such programs.

Question 21

Hope,guidance,cohesion,and altruism are all therapeutic factors available in group therapy.

Question 22

Because each culture is unique,therapeutic methods that work in one culture rarely work when used in a different culture.

Question 23

All therapies provide a level of self-insight for the client,but group therapies have the added benefit of interpersonal therapeutic factors.

Question 24

Group therapies fail in two ways: members sometimes quit too soon (premature termination)and sometime members get worse rather than better (casualties).

Question 25

Psychodrama is a mental disorder where individuals embellish and exaggerate problems within their lives to garner attention.

Question 26

The only therapeutic approach that has not been applied at the group-level is Freud's psychodynamic analysis of the individual.

Question 27

A psychoeducational group is typically a planned intervention that teaches members to focus on a specific set of interpersonal skills.

Question 28

Group therapy is a method of helping dysfunctional groups become more productive-it is therapy for "sick" groups.

Question 29

Lewin's "law" of change argued "Change is a function of the person and the environment."

Question 30

Once regarded as cathartic,extremely strong expressions of emotions in therapeutic groups tend to create higher levels of stress within the other group members.

Question 31

Although individuals can be counseled in a group setting,the group's leader is the sole source of help.

Question 32

Don reports to a therapist's office where his degree of functioning is measured.Afterwards the therapy course is explained to him,and then Don signs a form agreeing to the goals of the group members are trying to achieve.Don is most likely in a cognitive-behavioral therapy group.

Question 33

A group of individuals battling alcoholism meets regularly in the basement of a church to exchange ideas and strategies.This is an example of a support group.

Question 34

Vicarious learning,cohesion,and support are all key benefits of group therapy.

Question 35

Because they lack intimacy,online support groups are less effective than face-to-face support groups.

Question 36

Premature termination occurs when the group disbands before it has reached the "adjourning stage" of group development.

Question 37

Empirical studies indicate that group approaches to psychotherapy qualify as EBTs: Evidence Based Treatments.

Question 38

The "here and now" focus of interpersonal therapeutic groups encourages members to respond to each other rather than spend time discussing events and issues external to the group.

Question 39

Process debriefing groups are brainstorming sessions,held at regular intervals across the life of a therapeutic group,where members discuss their satisfactions and air their dissatisfactions with the group's processes.

Question 40

In therapeutic groups the therapist takes steps to prevent the formation of a social relationships between the members of the group.

Question 41

___ groups are examples of a change-promoting group.

A)Psychoanalytic therapy
B)Humanistic
C)Support
D)Gestalt therapy
E)All these (psychoanalytic therapy,humanistic,support,and Gestalt therapy)

Question 42

Lewin's law of change argued:

A)"Be the change you want to see in the world."
B)"Change is a function of the person and the environment."
C)"The secret to change: Don't fight the old,but instead nurture the new."
D)"A small group of committed people can change the world;indeed,it's the only thing that ever has."
E)"It is easier to change individuals formed into a group than to change any one of them separately."

Question 43

Lewin's law of group change argues that

A)it is usually easier to change individuals formed into a group than to change any one of them separately.
B)once an individual identifies with the group,he or she will not change unless the group changes.
C)leaders are the ones who are most able to change the attitudes and opinions of group members.
D)behavior is a function of the person and the environment.
E)when people in groups change,the change tends to be permanent rather than temporary.

Question 44

Which of the following is not considered to be a change or growth-oriented group?

A)therapeutic groups
B)teams
C)psychoeducational groups
D)support groups

Question 45

In my therapy group I stress the importance of forming strong,meaningful relationships among all the group members,and then using the group sessions to explore each member's interpersonal strengths,weaknesses,and tendencies.I am probably a ___ therapist.

A)interpersonal group
B)cognitive-behavioral
C)psychoanalytic
D)Gestalt
E)process debriefing

Question 46

Lewin's "law of group change" argued that people are most easily influenced

A)by isolating them from their reference groups.
B)through first changing their leaders.
C)through organizational development.
D)by exposing them to persuasive messages.
E)when they are part of a group that changes.

Question 47

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Freud's therapeutic methods are historically interesting,but no longer applied by therapists.
B)Group therapy is usually used only when individual therapy is not available.
C)Interpersonal group therapy stresses analysis of personal and interpersonal processes in groups.
D)Psychodrama occurs when the group becomes too intense,and is most likely during the "storming" stage.

Question 48

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Unlike other therapies,psychoanalysis cannot be conducted in a group setting.
B)Freud and his students may have constituted one of the earliest therapy groups.
C)Psychoanalytic group therapy concentrates on current behaviors rather than one's family history.
D)Psychoanalytic group therapy focuses on experiencing emotions fully.

Question 49

Lewin,in his classic study of attitude change conducted during World War II,found that the women he studied were most likely to change their attitudes if they

A)listened to a persuasive lecture when they were part of an intact group.
B)listened to a persuasive lecture in a cohesive group.
C)discussed the issue in a peer group and the group then reached a consensus on the matter.
D)the source of the persuasive message was a member of their group.

Question 50

Interpersonal psychotherapy groups stress dealing with issues that occur within the group itself,rather than reviewing what the members are experiencing outside of the group or what they experienced in the past.This focus is usually referred to as a(n)___ orientation.

A)"power of now"
B)"here and now"
C)"then and there"
D)"us not them"
E)"we and me"

Question 51

Moreno's psychodrama

A)uses experiments and exercises to stimulate change.
B)is based on Freud's psychoanalytic principles.
C)uses learning principles to modify behavior rather than cognitions.
D)uses the group to teach members about theater.
E)asks members to role play to stimulate emotional experiences.

Question 52

Gestalt and psychoanalytic groups are similar in that both are

A)behavioral.
B)humanistic.
C)leader-centered.
D)unstructured.

Question 53

Which of the following does not fit with the others?

A)psychoanalysis
B)interpretations
C)transference
D)social support

Question 54

Leaders of psychoanalytic groups tend to behave

A)like other group members.
B)as interpreters of individual behavior.
C)to reflect on-going group process.
D)in bizarre ways so to raise issues in the group.

Question 55

Freud's replacement hypothesis suggests that the therapist is to __ as the group is to the ___.

A)actor;audience
B)boss;worker
C)leader;follower
D)ego;id
E)parent;family

Question 56

I am a ___ group therapist.I do not consider people to be irrational,selfish,or deeply troubled.Instead,I think people are striving to understand themselves and their life experiences.

A)psychodynamic
B)psychodramatic
C)cognitive-behavioral
D)support
E)humanistic

Question 57

Which of the following people is most likely to lead a support group?

A)mental health professional
B)psychologist
C)psychiatrist
D)clinical social worker
E)volunteer layperson

Question 58

Communications usually flow between the leader and members in ___ groups.

A)support
B)training
C)sensitivity
D)psychoanalytic
E)interpersonal

Question 59

A cognitive-behavior therapist uses techniques that

A)focus on emotions and feelings.
B)focus on a specific client problem.
C)alter intrapsychic processes.
D)are based on psychoanalytic theory.

Question 60

Interpersonal group psychotherapy

A)uses experiments and exercises to stimulate change.
B)is based on Freud's psychoanalytic principles.
C)uses learning principles to modify behavior rather than cognitions.
D)uses the group to teach members about interpersonal processes.
E)asks members to role play to stimulate emotional experiences.

Question 61

The change in members of AA occurs through

A)groups who meet over the Internet.
B)hospitals with the help of a health care professional.
C)leadership transformation.
D)the international organization manuals.
E)a local chapter of alcoholics.

Question 62

Co-leadership

A)occurs when a group member takes over some of the leader's responsibilities.
B)is relatively less effective than single-leadership.
C)involves installing two leaders in a therapeutic group.
D)is most effective when the leaders are clearly distinguishable in terms of authority.
E)confuses group members and should be avoided.

Question 63

At the first session of the meeting you attend,you are surprised to learn that no one is "running" the meeting-no psychologist or health-professional is conducting the session.You are likely attending a meeting of a(n)___ group.

A)psychoanalytic therapy
B)encounter
C)support
D)Gestalt therapy
E)structured training

Question 64

Which of the following statements is true?

A)To be effective,change-promoting groups must promote catharsis among members.
B)People experiencing a problem who engage in upward social comparison describe their own adjustment in more positive terms.
C)In support groups,the group leader is the individual who is most responsible for maintaining positive change.
D)Support groups expose members to others who provide them with reassurance and hope.

Question 65

A tragedy strikes your community-15 homes are destroyed in a mudslide,and many lives are lost.If you were head of the mental health agency,what would you suggest?

A)Let the community get back on its feet before providing psychological services.
B)Immediately intervene with a general stress management program.
C)Institute group-level treatments,but target them to the specific needs of those involved.
D)Use individual treatment methods,given the severity of the tragedy.
E)Make use of psychodrama methods in a group-level treatment modality.

Question 66

Which of the following statements is consistent with an experiential style of learning?

A)I like to make my learning personal,as I feel things deeply and respond at an emotional level.
B)I like to think about ideas and concepts,rely on reason,and examine ideas carefully.
C)I like to watch and listen;I look at all sides of an issue,and often take my time before I respond.
D)I like to learn by doing things;I try things out,and enjoy seeking results.

Question 67

Kurt Lewin is most closely associated with which type of change promoting group?

A)psychoanalytic
B)Gestalt
C)training
D)support
E)interpersonal

Question 68

___ occurs when members of support group become more hopeful after hearing long-time members tell inspirational stories of how they overcame their problems.

A)Downward social comparison
B)Upward social comparison
C)Installation of universality
D)Reverse self-disclosure
E)Evaluative readjustment

Question 69

___ group therapy utilizes contracts,modeling,feedback,and rehearsal.

A)Encounter
B)Psychoanalytic
C)Gestalt
D)Training
E)Cognitive-behavioral

Question 70

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A)Online support groups tend to be less helpful than face-to-face groups.
B)People are more satisfied with the information others provide online.
C)People report that they feel supported and valued by members in chat rooms.
D)Members share more practical and factual information than in face-to-face groups.

Question 71

____ is NOT identified by the text as a therapeutic factor in groups.

A)Hope
B)Guidance
C)Cohesion
D)Altruism
E)Fantasy

Question 72

Which of the following is NOT one of the components typically included in the structured learning group cycle?

A)support
B)orientation
C)analysis
D)application
E)experience

Question 73

Cognitive behavior therapy tends to

A)last several years.
B)be highly structured.
C)emphasize psychodrama.
D)be ineffective.

Question 74

The T in the term T-group stands for

A)therapy.
B)task.
C)traditional.
D)Tavistock.
E)training.

Question 75

___ therapy groups emphasize learn adaptive ways of thinking and behaving.

A)Psychoanalytic
B)Gestalt
C)T-group
D)Cognitive-behavior

Question 76

Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of most support groups?

A)problem specific
B)emphasis on providing social,informational,and emotional support to fellow sufferers
C)autonomous and relatively independent
D)based on set of orienting principles that are endorsed by most members
E)members have little experience with the problem they face

Question 77

Feedback from other members to the individual is most closely associated with which therapeutic factor?

A)hope
B)universality
C)interpersonal learning
D)self-disclosure
E)altruism

Question 78

Group interventions for disasters and traumas,such as process debriefings,are NOT always beneficial,particularly when they

A)are implemented immediately following the incident.
B)stress the disclosure of emotional reactions.
C)use standardized methods that ignore the unique characteristics of the affected individuals.
D)focus on providing information about available support services.
E)are conducted by mental health professionals.

Question 79

Rosseta learns to express her positive and negative feelings by watching Edwina talk to the group,for Edwina is very emotionally expressive.This change illustrates

A)observational learning.
B)insight.
C)positive reinforcement.
D)altruism.
E)transference.

Question 80

Groups with such names as Gamblers Anonymous,Adult Children of Alcoholics,The Bell's Palsy Network,Reach to Recover for cancer survivors,and OCD of America are examples of ___ groups.

A)psychoanalytic therapy
B)encounter
C)support
D)Gestalt therapy
E)structured training