Deck 16: Hiv and Aids

Question 1

AIDS stands for

A)Altered Immune Defense System.
B)Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.
C)Atypical Immunodefense Syndrome.
D)Asymptomatic Immune Disorder.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What is a common type of cancer NOT associated with AIDS?

A)cancer of the blood vessels
B)colorectal cancer
C)cancer of the lymphatic system
D)cervical cancer

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Your friend Dean has been battling HIV for several years.Recently you have noticed purple blotches appearing on his skin.He is most likely dealing with

A)mycobacterium avium intracellulare.
B)Lou Gehrig's disease.
C)Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.
D)Kaposi's sarcoma.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the leukocytes is false?

A)Leukocytes can be found in the blood,lymph nodes,skin,and intestinal mucous membranes.
B)One type of leukocyte is the lymphocyte.
C)Leukocytes play major roles in defending the body against invading organisms and mutant cells.
D)Platelets are sometimes called leukocytes.

Question 5

In a healthy immune system,antibodies function to

A)create additional macrophages.
B)inactivate and mark antigens for destruction.
C)engulf foreign particles and destroy them.
D)signal the spleen to produce more leukocytes.

Question 6

AIDS is called a syndrome because

A)the symptoms occur in groups.
B)it attacks the immune system.
C)it is acquired,not inherited.
D)the rate of disease progression varies.

Question 7

Manoj has sexual encounters with multiple partners.He contracts HIV and lives with it for almost seven years during which he exhibits little to no signs of a terminal illness.He even gets a home test done and the result turns out to be HIV negative.Which of the following is a safe conclusion that can be made from the characteristics exhibited by Manoj?

A)Manoj is as healthy as any other individual and can donate blood to others in need without any concerns.
B)Manoj's infection is highly contagious and can spread to others in spite of his apparent healthy disposition.
C)Manoj is healthy because his HIV test turned out to be negative and there is no cause to worry.
D)Manoj's infection is spreading but is not contagious because his test results proves so.

Question 8

Kaposi's sarcoma refers to a cancer of the

A)lungs.
B)skin.
C)blood vessels.
D)stomach.

Question 9

How did scientific awareness of HIV begin?

A)The United Nations alerted the world about an epidemic in developing countries.
B)Gay men protested the lack of adequate funding for research on all sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
C)Physicians noted rare diseases in healthy young men in major U.S.cities.
D)The same bacteria causing other STIs were found to have mutated into a new form.

Question 10

At first,AIDS within the United States seemed to be confined principally to three groups: gay men,Haitians,and people with

A)hemophiliA.
B)neurocognitive disorders.
C)eating disorders.
D)haemochromatosis.

Question 11

Which of the following engulfs foreign particles?

A)enzymes
B)plasma
C)macrophages
D)hormones

Question 12

Lymphocytes include

A)antigens and antibodies.
B)macrophages and leukocytes.
C)B cells and several types of T cells.
D)all of these.

Question 13

The process by which a person develops antibodies is called

A)anastalsis.
B)seroconversion.
C)insemination.
D)opsonisation.

Question 14

Gordon suddenly loses a great deal of weight,feels very weak,and has persistent diarrhea.This condition is called

A)wasting syndrome.
B)cytomegalovirus.
C)gonorrhea.
D)syphilis.

Question 15

Charles has been experiencing changes in his moods and,consequently,in his ?behavior.He has been having difficulty moving around and frequently forgets what he was about to do.What clinical condition associated with AIDS is he suffering from?

A)wasting syndrome
B)AIDS lymphoma
C)AIDS dementia
D)cytomegalovirus

Question 16

Maury,who is HIV positive,is diagnosed with a type of cancer that is commonly associated with AIDS.In this case,Maury is most likely to be diagnosed with

A)pancreatic cancer.
B)cancer of the lymphatic system.
C)cancer in the colon.
D)prostate cancer.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true of AIDS?

A)If a person's CD4 count is above 200,it means that he or she has AIDS.
B)AIDS is inherited.
C)If a person is tested HIV positive,it means that he or she has AIDS.
D)AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection.

Question 18

Leukocytes are a type of

A)plasmA.
B)red blood cells.
C)white blood cells.
D)platelets.

Question 19

To say that AIDS is an acquired disease means that it is

A)not inherited.
B)not communicable.
C)easily curable.
D)easily transmitted.

Question 20

Miranda just received the results of her blood test,and it showed the presence of HIV antibodies and a T-cell count below 200.This means that Miranda

A)is HIV positive.
B)is HIV negative or has been recently infected.
C)has to repeat the test as the result is unclear.
D)has AIDS.

Question 21

Retrovirus are viruses that have the ability to

A)reverse the normal genetic writing process.
B)cause an overproduction of macrophages in the lymphatic system.
C)alter the genetic structure of the helper T cells.
D)attack both red and white blood cells in the body.

Question 22

How does HIV kill T cells?

A)It engulfs macrophages,which then enlarges and engulfs all other types of lymphocytes.
B)It weakens red blood cells so that they no longer produce antibodies and attack antigens.
C)It alters the DNA of the host T cell and causes the T cell to replicate HIV rather than itself.
D)It attacks and destroys the suppressor T cells by altering their metabolism.

Question 23

One of the reasons HIV is difficult to destroy once it has infected a person is because

A)the virus has the tendency to mutate.
B)the virus can thrive even outside the host.
C)antibodies are attracted to GP 120 in HIV.
D)the virus can propel itself independently in the host.

Question 24

Which of the following is programmed to "read" the antigens and then begin directing the immune system's response?

A)helper T cells
B)killer T cells
C)macrophages
D)platelets

Question 25

CD4 count refers to the number of

A)helper T cells present in a cubic millimeter of blood.
B)killer T cells present in a cubic milliliter of blood.
C)white blood cells present in the blood.
D)platelets in the blood.

Question 26

The CD4 receptors on a helper T cell are attracted to

A)GP 120 in HIV.
B)GP 41 in HIV.
C)p17 in HIV.
D)Ero 1 in HIV.

Question 27

Dominique thinks that she was exposed to HIV.When will the antibodies be detectable in her blood?

A)1-2 years following exposure
B)15-20 weeks following exposure
C)4-5 years following exposure
D)3-8 weeks following exposure

Question 28

Who among the following HIV-infected persons is the most infectious?

A)Sean whose CD4 count is slightly increasing
B)Maria whose infection is in the stage where the virus is rapidly replicating
C)Henry who is diagnosed with AIDS,the final stage of HIV infection
D)Liam whose level of HIV RNA in the blood is steadily declining

Question 29

Harold is in the advanced phase of HIV infection and the number of HIV-infected cells in his body is high.During this phase,his T-cell count is likely to go down to

A)between 200 to 500 per milliliter of blood.
B)less than 200 per milliliter of blood.
C)between 500 to 1600 per milliliter of blood.
D)more than 500 per milliliter of blood.

Question 30

Which of the following attack and kill foreign bodies such as bacteria and ?viruses?

A)macrophages and killer T cells
B)thrombocytes and monocytes
C)helper T cells and erythrocytes
D)killer T cells and platelets

Question 31

Which of the following statements about the early phase of HIV infection is false?

A)Many people experience what seems like a severe case of the flu.
B)The CD4 count suddenly rises as the virus begins replication.
C)The virus undergoes a seeding process and is dispersed throughout the lymphatic system.
D)The virus begins to destroy T cells and replicate itself.

Question 32

Large molecules that are capable of stimulating the immune system and then reacting with the antibodies that are released to fight them are called

A)lymph nodes.
B)antigens.
C)macrophages.
D)helper T cells.

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a virus?

A)It is basically a protein-coated gene package.
B)It can move independently throughout the body.
C)It cannot reproduce unless they are inside a host cell.
D)It invades a cell and alters the way in which the cell reproduces itself.

Question 34

According to the World Health Organization (WHO)and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS),what is the estimated number of people living with HIV worldwide?

A)14 million
B)20 million
C)35 million
D)54 million

Question 35

In the initial acute illness stage of HIV infection,the virus is dispersed throughout the lymph nodes,where it replicates through a process called

A)seroconversion.
B)seeding.
C)scarification.
D)sequencing.

Question 36

The study of the incidence,process,distribution,and control of a disease is called

A)entomology.
B)demographics.
C)epidemiology.
D)edaphology.

Question 37

Which of the following refers to white blood cells that display the invader's antigen like a signal flag?

A)helper T cells
B)antibodies
C)macrophages
D)antigens

Question 38

Antigens are

A)large molecules that activate the immune system.
B)enzymes within the body that attack invading organisms.
C)chemical barriers that surround uninfected cells.
D)cells that bind to antibodies,inactivate them,and mark them for destruction by killer cells.

Question 39

The first detectable sign of HIV infection in the body is

A)the sharp increase of CD4 cells in the blood.
B)the presence of HIV antibodies in the blood.
C)the sharp decrease of HIV RNA in the blood.
D)the presence of macrophages and B cells in the blood.

Question 40

The prevalence of HIV infection is by far the greatest in

A)South AmericA.
B)the Pacific Islands.
C)the Middle East.
D)Africa.

Question 41

After a teenager in the neighborhood was diagnosed with HIV,Mark would not allow his teenage children to use the public toilets in that area,fearing they could get infected too.Which of the following statements is true in this scenario?

A)HIV could pass from an infected person to a healthy person through the toilet seat cover.
B)HIV can be transmitted through the human feces of an infected person,and the father is wise to protect his children.
C)Although the virus cannot be transmitted through shared toilet seats,Mark is wise to be concerned since it can be transmitted through sink usage.
D)HIV is not transmitted through the usage of same toilet seats.Routes of HIV transmission are well documented.There is no danger.

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT a myth connected with AIDS?

A)HIV is spread by contact with the toilet seat used by someone who is infected with the virus.
B)HIV can be contracted from mosquito bites.
C)HIV may be transmitted through the saliva of an HIV-infected person.
D)HIV is spread by sharing needles with someone who is infected with the virus.

Question 43

Which of the following has never been shown to result in the transmission of HIV?

A)pre-seminal fluid
B)breast milk
C)sweat
D)semen

Question 44

Who among the following is at a much higher risk of HIV transmission through vaginal sex without a condom?

A)men
B)women
C)men and women equally
D)The risk of transmission through vaginal sex is very low so it is difficult to estimate if there are gender differences.

Question 45

Who among the following is at a higher risk of contracting HIV?

A)Rina,who has vaginal sex with her partner without a condom
B)Greg,who engages in cunnilingus with his HIV-infected wife
C)Bianca,who indulges in open-mouth kissing with her partner
D)Peter,who shares his toilet seat with his HIV-infected friend

Question 46

Anal intercourse is extremely risky for the transmission of HIV because

A)the existence of semen and feces within the rectum can help the virus develop.
B)the membrane lining the rectum ruptures easily,exposing blood vessels.
C)the virus can enter the stomach through the digestive system.
D)there are many leukocytes present within the colon.

Question 47

Women are at more risk than men in contracting HIV through vaginal intercourse without a condom because

A)they are inherently more susceptible to HIV/AIDS than men.
B)they are mentally vulnerable compared to men.
C)the process of menstruation increase their chances of infection.
D)the lining of the vagina can tear.

Question 48

Which of the following is considered to be the most risky sexual behavior?

A)unprotected vaginal-penile sex
B)unprotected anal sex
C)fellatio
D)cunnilingus

Question 49

Both men and women are at a maximum risk for HIV transmission when they ?engage in

A)unprotected vaginal intercourse.
B)unprotected fellatio or cunnilingus.
C)unprotected anal intercourse.
D)same-sex sexual activity.

Question 50

The World Health Organization (WHO)and Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)state that the rates of new HIV infections are

A)steadily increasing in the developing countries.
B)going down in the United States but increasing in the other countries.
C)doubling all over the world.
D)going down all over the world.

Question 51

Niya contracts HIV as a result of having sexual intercourse with her boyfriend,who is infected with HIV.She gets pregnant,and months later she gives birth to a healthy baby boy.Given that her baby has not contracted HIV yet,which of the following must she do in order to ensure that her baby is HIV-free?

A)She should refrain from breastfeeding her baby because the virus can spread the virus.
B)She should refrain from using the same utensils she uses for feeding her baby as the virus can spread through saliva.
C)She should ensure that her baby does not come into contact with her tears or sweat as the virus can be transmitted through these fluids.
D)She should refrain from cuddling and kissing the baby because the virus can spread through typical social contact.

Question 52

Since the epidemic began,the proportion of AIDS diagnoses among

A)Whites has decreased and African Americans has increased.
B)Whites has remained the same and African Americans has decreased.
C)Whites has increased and African Americans has decreased.
D)Whites has increased and African Americans remained the same.

Question 53

Which of the following can increase the risk of HIV infection?

A)eating food prepared by an HIV-infected food handler
B)donating blood
C)cuddling an HIV-infected person
D)having multiple sex partners

Question 54

Which of the following is NOT a way in which HIV can be transmitted?

A)through closed-mouth kissing
B)through using shared sex toys
C)through unprotected oral-genital contact
D)through unprotected vaginal intercourse

Question 55

According to the World Health Organization (WHO)and Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS),how many million people have died of AIDS worldwide?

A)a little over 2 million
B)5 million
C)12 million
D)over 39 million

Question 56

In which of the following ways can an HIV-positive woman pass the virus to her baby?

A)kissing
B)cuddling
C)breastfeeding
D)None of these.

Question 57

Which of the following is a direct route of HIV transmission?

A)drinking
B)ingesting drugs
C)injecting drugs
D)smoking

Question 58

When HIV is diagnosed before or during pregnancy,if appropriate medical treatment is given,the virus becomes undetectable,and the mother does not breastfeed,HIV transmission to the baby or child can be reduced to less than

A)1 percent.
B)5 percent.
C)15 percent.
D)30 percent.

Question 59

What percentage of untreated HIV positive pregnant women will pass the virus on to their babies?

A)about 15 percent
B)25-33 percent
C)50-65 percent
D)almost 100 percent

Question 60

Through which of the following body fluids is AIDS transmissible?

A)sweat
B)tears
C)semen
D)All of these.

Question 61

AIDS refers to a "syndrome" because symptoms occur as a group.

Question 62

Which of the following is a treatment for people infected with HIV?

A)photoherapy
B)macrophagic cell enlargement therapy
C)antiretroviral therapy
D)xenotransplantation

Question 63

Which of the following is NOT a recommended practice for persons who are HIV positive?

A)Practice safer sex.
B)Stop smoking tobacco.
C)Limit alcohol.
D)Avoid contact with other HIV-positive people.

Question 64

Abraham is attempting to determine the number of new cases of HIV in his community,and the gender and socioeconomic status of those infected.He finds that majority of those infected are homosexuals.These characteristics under study are called

A)demographics.
B)socionics.
C)semiotics.
D)ethnographics.

Question 65

Which of the following is the most common route of HIV infection in children?

A)through infected paraphernalia
B)through perinatal transmission
C)through infected blood transfusions
D)through parenteral transmission

Question 66

Which of the following sexual behaviors is considered to have a lesser risk of contracting HIV?

A)oral sex
B)heterosexual anal sex
C)vaginal sex
D)homosexual anal sex

Question 67

The largest group of women who are HIV-positive were infected through

A)engaging in oral intercourse.
B)high-risk heterosexual contact.
C)having unprotected fellatio.
D)an HIV-positive mother.

Question 68

The most common test for HIV antibodies is

A)the OraQuick In-Home test.
B)the antibody screening test.
C)the RNA test.
D)the Western blot test.

Question 69

After repeated sexual contacts with random individuals over a period of time,Skye believes that he has contracted HIV.He does not want to visit a clinic for the test for the fear of being exposed.He also has a fear of needles and avoids getting any kind of blood test that may involve pricking to collect blood samples.In this case,which of the following methods of testing works best for Skye?

A)Home Access HIV-1 Test System
B)OraQuick In-Home HIV Test
C)antibody screening test
D)qualitative hCG Blood Test

Question 70

AIDS is the initial stage of HIV infection.

Question 71

Isaac has an active sexual lifestyle that involves more than one partner.To protect himself best,Isaac needs to

A)use condoms consistently.
B)stop donating blood.
C)avoid sharing utensils and toilets with his partners.
D)limit his sexual activities to vaginal-penile intercourse.

Question 72

Which of the following is true about HIV tests?

A)A negative test result does not necessarily mean that one does not has HIV.
B)A HIV test needs to be performed only under the supervision of a physician.
C)A HIV test is a way to find out if one's partner is infected.
D)A positive HIV test result means one is AIDS affected.

Question 73

How do antiretroviral drugs work?

A)They kill HIV.
B)They cause the body to increase production of all types of T cells.
C)They fight opportunistic infections.
D)They prevent HIV from replicating.

Question 74

Which of the following groups accounts for the vast majority of new HIV infections among all African American men?

A)those who have sex with men
B)those who have heterosexual intercourse
C)those who use intravenous drugs
D)those who have undergone blood transfusion

Question 75

Which of the following approaches to HIV prevention is most likely to be controversial?

A)installing condom dispensers in restaurant bathrooms
B)training teen peer counselors to talk to classmates about safe sex
C)distributing literature that spreads awareness about HIV infection and AIDS
D)conducting syringe exchange programs for injection drug use

Question 76

Which of the following racial and ethnic groups has been impacted most severely by HIV and AIDS?

A)Latinos
B)Whites
C)African Americans
D)Asians

Question 77

In the context of the prevention of HIV or sexually transmitted infection,the goal of researchers working on topical microbicides is to develop a microbicidal gel,cream,film,or suppository that individuals

A)can apply to the vagina prior to intercourse.
B)can apply to the penis following intercourse.
C)can pair with antibiotics.
D)can pair with a powerful vaccine.

Question 78

Which of the following is NOT a common way that women are infected with HIV?

A)unprotected oral or vaginal sex
B)injection drug use
C)unprotected anal sex
D)exposure in health care occupations

Question 79

HIV spread very rapidly through the gay male population because

A)of the wildly promiscuous lifestyle of gay men.
B)anal sex is such an efficient mode of transmission.
C)the hormonal imbalance in gay men make them more susceptible to HIV infection.
D)gay men generally do not use condoms when performing fellatio.

Question 80

According to a recent study of women at urban health clinics,which of the following is likely to play a larger role in HIV transmission than race or ethnicity?

A)poverty
B)lack of access to health care
C)housing insecurity
D)All of these.