Deck 17: Foreign Policy

Question 1

To many Americans, the chief purpose of the nation's foreign policy is protection of America's security.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The Central Intelligence Agency, the Department of State, the Department of Defense, and the Joint Chiefs of Staff have historically worked very well together to coordinate American foreign policy in the direction of a single, unified strategy.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

As part of its Cold War strategy of appeasement, the United States defended South Korea against invasion by North Korea.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

National security includes transportation, infrastructure, and energy supplies.

Question 5

In the wake of 9/11, military and law enforcement agencies have increased their role in America's foreign-policy making.

Question 6

Congress has formally declared five wars in American history.

Question 7

The global war on terror began when Congress formally declared war on Afghanistan in 2001.

Question 8

The Bush Doctrine asserts that the United States will no longer attack other nations unless the United States is attacked first.

Question 9

Until the early twentieth century, the United States rejected the idea of isolationism.

Question 10

A central goal of President Trump's "America First" agenda is the promotion of democracy around the globe.

Question 11

The United States has a long-standing commitment to human rights and is a party to most major international agreements concerning human rights.

Question 12

The United States and Canada left Mexico largely out of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).

Question 13

The United States makes humanitarian considerations its first priority when setting foreign policy.

Question 14

In the post-Cold War era, non-state actors have generally been deterred from action against the United States by the same means that deter nation-state actors.

Question 15

To counter new security threats posed by non-state actors, the United States has shifted from a policy of deterrence to a policy of appeasement.

Question 16

In 2017, President Donald Trump entered the United States into the Paris Climate Accords.

Question 17

The World Trade Organization (WTO) prohibits bilateral and regional trade agreements.

Question 18

The leaders of the various agencies of the intelligence community coordinate well and rarely struggle with each other for power.

Question 19

The United States generally avoids making foreign policy on the basis of economic considerations.

Question 20

Because it is difficult to secure a two-thirds supermajority in the Senate, presidents often prefer to use executive agreements.

Question 21

The United Nations is so large and unwieldy that it is largely useless as a foreign policy tool.

Question 22

In 2010, the International Monetary Fund refused to intervene in the Greek debt crisis.

Question 23

The WTO has blocked efforts to provide low-cost pharmaceutical drugs to less developed countries.

Question 24

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was formed to counter the perceived threat of the Soviet Union.

Question 25

When a special personal representative is sent abroad to represent the president, that envoy works under the direct supervision of the local ambassador.

Question 26

While the U.S. Senate has several committees with jurisdiction over foreign policy, the House of Representatives committee system is constitutionally limited to domestic policy.

Question 27

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was formed to provide for the short-term flow of money.

Question 28

Senators can influence foreign policy by interviewing and approving nominations to agencies involved in international affairs.

Question 29

American foreign policy is heavily influenced by interest groups based on ethnicity or national origin.

Question 30

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has not expanded to include former Warsaw Pact countries.

Question 31

President Trump has raised tariffs on foreign imports, leading to increased tariffs on U.S. exports to other countries.

Question 32

The United Nations has evolved into a major player on the world stage mostly because of its standing military.

Question 33

Executive agreements have the force of treaties and thus require prior approval by the Senate.

Question 34

The representation of a government to other foreign governments is called diplomacy.

Question 35

Presidents employ private military contractors to get around legal restrictions on the use of military force.

Question 36

Most peacekeeping efforts in which the United States participates take place under the auspices of the United Nations.

Question 37

When the promotion of human rights conflicts with the economic interests of the United States, policymakers tend to favor human rights.

Question 38

The three elements of promoting human rights as a foreign policy goal are international environmental policy, international human rights policy, and international peacekeeping.

Question 39

The most visible instrument of foreign policy is sanctions.

Question 40

Although it has numerous political parties, the UN General Assembly is basically dominated by three major political coalitions.

Question 41

After the 2008 election, how did the Obama administration influence U.S. policy toward ongoing conflicts?

A)President Obama initially chose to step up American's military effort in Afghanistan and keep U.S. forces in Iraq.
B)President Obama renounced the Bush Doctrine.
C)President Obama immediately hastened the departure of American troops from Iraq but not Afghanistan.
D)President Obama immediately hastened the departure of American troops from Afghanistan but not Iraq.

Question 42

Which term describes the desire to avoid involvement in the affairs of other nations?

A)unilateralism
B)uniformity
C)isolationism
D)deterrence

Question 43

In his farewell address, which president warned the American people to "steer clear of permanent alliances" and "to have . . . as little political connection as possible" with foreign nations?

A)George Washington
B)John Quincy Adams
C)Theodore Roosevelt
D)Franklin D. Roosevelt

Question 44

During the Cold War, both the United States and USSR maintained huge arsenals of nuclear weapons. This was an especially threatening form of deterrence known as

A)Romeo and Juliet's folly.
B)security pact.
C)suicide pact.
D)mutually assured destruction.

Question 45

Which of the following is a new type of security challenge to America's information infrastructure?

A)assassination
B)adequate transportation infrastructure
C)ample energy sources
D)cyber warfare

Question 46

Which of the following is an example of a non-state actor?

A)France
B)Russia
C)China
D)The United Nations

Question 47

The era of confrontation with the former Soviet Union is known as the

A)Cold War.
B)Soviet War.
C)Silent War.
D)Third World War.

Question 48

The oft-discussed notion from the Cold War that the United States should attack the Soviet Union before the Soviet Union attacks the United States is an example of the policy of

A)preventive war.
B)appeasement.
C)isolationism.
D)strike warfare.

Question 49

Which of the following is an example of deterrence?

A)The United States enters into negotiations by signing a treaty with another nation-state.
B)The United States moves to attack the Soviet Union, believing that the Soviet Union is contemplating hostile action.
C)The United States moves to increase the size of the military to discourage attack.
D)The United States avoids permanent alliances with foreign powers by remaining neutral.

Question 50

A group other than a nation-state that attempts to play a role in the international system is also known as which of the following?

A)non-state actor
B)government
C)isolationist
D)country

Question 51

The term for a political entity consisting of people with some common cultural experience, a common political authority, and recognition by other sovereignties is

A)sovereignty.
B)vassal.
C)province.
D)nation-state.

Question 52

To many Americans, what is the chief purpose of the nation's foreign policy?

A)protecting America's security
B)ensuring economic prosperity
C)promoting human rights
D)preserving the global environment

Question 53

The security policy developed by the United States in the aftermath of World War II is known as

A)isolationism.
B)appeasement.
C)preemption.
D)containment.

Question 54

The Monroe Doctrine is based on which of the following principles?

A)appeasement
B)isolationism
C)deterrence
D)prevention

Question 55

The global war on terror is an expression of which of the following foreign policies?

A)nation-state
B)multilateralism
C)appeasement
D)preemption

Question 56

Why did the Soviet Union collapse?

A)The government tried to tax liquor, an act that sparked the Vodka Revolt of 1989.
B)A Chinese invasion of Siberia led to a military coup.
C)Its economy could not sustain the large defense budgets necessary to compete with the United States.
D)It had too much internal ethnic diversity.

Question 57

The foreign policy based on the idea that the United States should take preemptive action against threats to its national security is known as the __________ doctrine.

A)Bush
B)Ford
C)Carter
D)Reagan

Question 58

The Cold War idea that the United States should show peaceful intentions in an attempt to placate the Soviet Union is an example of the policy of

A)preventative war.
B)appeasement.
C)isolationism.
D)strike warfare.

Question 59

A terrorist group is an example of a(n)

A)isolationist group.
B)appeasement group.
C)security actor.
D)non-state actor.

Question 60

What does a policy of deterrence require?

A)making a commitment to isolationism
B)concealing the nation's willingness to fight
C)having large military forces
D)getting support for the appeasement strategy

Question 61

The bureaucrats who are often rivals for power within the intelligence community are the

A)secretary of defense and the director of the CIA.
B)national security adviser and the director of the FBI.
C)chairperson of the National Security Council and the chair of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
D)secretary of the treasury and the secretary of homeland security.

Question 62

The president can create legally binding understandings between the United States and another country without seeking the advice and consent of the Senate by negotiating

A)a treaty.
B)an executive agreement.
C)executive privilege.
D)the presidential prerogative.

Question 63

What is the most important international organization for promoting free trade?

A)NAFTA
B)G-8
C)IMF
D)WTO

Question 64

The WTO grew out of which trade agreement?

A)General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
B)North American Free Trade Agreement
C)North Atlantic Treaty Organization
D)Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

Question 65

When negotiating international trade agreements, developed nations have been especially reluctant to reduce subsidies to which economic sector?

A)manufacturing
B)entertainment and leisure
C)agriculture
D)tourism

Question 66

International humanitarian policies are typically considered

A)the top security priority.
B)secondary in importance relative to international space exploration.
C)more important than security policies but less important than economic policies.
D)secondary in importance relative to economic and security policies.

Question 67

When the United States granted China the best tariff rate it gives to any nation, it extended what status to China?

A)discount
B)equal trading
C)normal trade relations
D)GATT

Question 68

In 2017, President Donald Trump followed through on his campaign pledge to withdraw from this pending trade agreement negotiated by the Obama administration?

A)North American Free Trade Agreement
B)Central American Free Trade Agreement
C)North Atlantic Treaty Organization
D)Trans-Pacific Partnership

Question 69

What conflict marked the last time the U.S. Congress officially declared war?

A)the Korean War
B)World War II
C)the second Iraq war
D)Afghanistan and the global war against terrorism

Question 70

The Senate has traditionally had a larger role in foreign policy than the U.S. House of Representatives due to its control over

A)declaring war.
B)committing troops.
C)confirming the appointment of senior military personnel.
D)approving treaties.

Question 71

An example of a regional trade agreement designed to promote free trade is the

A)WTO.
B)NAFTA.
C)GATT.
D)IMF.

Question 72

An agreement to offer a trading partner the lowest tariff rate given to other trading partners is called

A)discount.
B)equal trading.
C)most favored nation status.
D)GATT

Question 73

What would the framers of the Constitution think of the president's ability to commit U.S. military forces abroad?

A)They would be surprised because Congress was assigned the power to declare war.
B)They would be happy because the president is intended to have full discretion over foreign policy.
C)They would be surprised because the military is supposed to exercise its own judgment on national security issues.
D)They would be surprised because the Supreme Court is required to rule on the constitutionality of each military deployment before it occurs.

Question 74

The United States' promotion of human rights is

A)its top international policy priority.
B)more important than security concerns.
C)applied equally to other nations, friend or foe.
D)less important than security and economic concerns.

Question 75

What agency was created after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, to increase coordination across 22 agencies?

A)Department of State
B)Department of Homeland Security
C)National Security Council
D)Joint Chiefs of Staff

Question 76

Which of the following is an example of an international humanitarian policy?

A)protective tariffs
B)security assistance
C)petroleum agreements
D)disaster relief

Question 77

The Constitution involves the Senate directly in foreign-policy making through the

A)right to declare war.
B)fiscal appropriations process.
C)treaty power.
D)responsibility to receive ambassadors and recognize nations.

Question 78

Since 1947, a separate organization in the White House, composed of key actors from the vast foreign policy establishment, has helped the president make decisions and oversee the bureaucracy. What is the name of this unit?

A)Office of Diplomacy
B)Central Planning Board
C)Intelligence Services Group
D)National Security Council

Question 79

Congress has declared war in __________ conflicts with other nations.

A)five
B)ten
C)fifteen
D)twenty

Question 80

In 1997, the United States withdrew from an agreement that set limits on the emissions of greenhouse gasses from industrialized nations that was known as the

A)United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
B)Montreal Protocol.
C)Kyoto Protocol.
D)Manhattan Protocol.