Deck 9: Sexual Dysfunctions, Paraphilic Disorders, and Gender Dysphoria

Question 1

Joe is homosexual and has an identical (monozygotic) twin named Sam. Which of the following statements is true?

A)Sam is more likely than the general population to be homosexual.
B)Sam is no more likely than the general population to be homosexual.
C)Sam is homosexual also.
D)Sam is only likely to become homosexual if Joe is a positive role model.

Answer 1

Sam is more likely than the general population to be homosexual.

Question 2

The largest difference in sexual behavior for men versus women is that

A)men are more likely to be accepting of homosexuality.
B)women are more likely to be accepting of homosexuality.
C)men are more likely to masturbate.
D)women are more likely to masturbate.

Answer 2

men are more likely to masturbate.

Question 3

Gender dysphoria is diagnosed when

A)a person's physical sex is inconsistent with the person's sense of who he or she really is.
B)an individual receives sexual pleasure from cross-dressing.
C)an individual is born with ambiguous genitalia.
D)all of these are correct.

Answer 3

a person's physical sex is inconsistent with the person's sense of who he or she really is.

Question 4

All of the following statements about sex reassignment surgery are true EXCEPT

A)2% attempt suicide after surgery.
B)1% to 7% later regret surgery.
C)female-to-male conversions adjust better than male-to-female conversions.
D)all of these are correct

Question 5

Sexual dysfunction can be a(n) _______________ condition.

A)lifelong
B)acquired
C)situational
D)all of these are correct

Question 6

Sexual dysfunctions are

A)more common in heterosexuals than homosexuals.
B)more common in homosexuals than heterosexuals.
C)equally common in heterosexuals and homosexuals.
D)generally not reported, so little is known about their incidence.

Question 7

According to research on gender dysphoria,

A)a biological predisposition contributes approximately 60% to the cause.
B)environment and genetics contribute equally to the cause.
C)it cannot be determined, as yet, regarding the extent of the genetic and environmental contributions to the cause.
D)there is a specific set of genes that seem to contribute most to the cause.

Question 8

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, ____% of men and ____% of women had 15 or more partners during their lifetime.

A)15; 10
B)21; 8
C)10; 15
D)26; 6

Question 9

Data from research studies on gender differences in human sexuality reflect all of the following themes EXCEPT that

A)men show more sexual desire and arousal than women.
B)men emphasize committed relationships more than women.
C)men's self-concept is characterized in part by power, aggression, and independence.
D)women's sexual beliefs are more influenced by cultural, social, and situational factors.

Question 10

Sexual dysfunction in the United States is experienced by

A)approximately 44% of women.
B)under 10% for both men and women.
C)approximately 21% of women.
D)approximately 51% of the population.

Question 11

The individual with the greatest likelihood of hypoactive sexual desire disorder or sexual interest/arousal disorder is a(n)

A)18-year-old male.
B)30-year-old male.
C)30-year-old female.
D)45-year-old female.

Question 12

The new approaches to understanding and treating intersexed individuals who have been proposed recently are based on the concept of "five sexes," which include all of the following EXCEPT

A)"herms."
B)"merms" and "ferms."
C)males and females.
D)"andros" and "estros."

Question 13

The incidence of gender dysphoria resulting in a rejection of natal sex is

A)very low, with far less than 1% of the general population.
B)very low, with approximately 1.5% of the general population.
C)moderately low, with approximately 1% to 5% of the general population.
D)moderately high, in approximately half of those with gender dysphoria.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true about male hypoactive sexual desire disorder?

A)More than 50% of the problems who come to sexuality clinics for help complain of this disorder.
B)It is the most common presenting complaint of both men and women.
C)For women, the prevalence of this disorder increases with age.
D)For men, the prevalence of this disorder decreases with age.

Question 15

Features of gender dysphoria include all of the following EXCEPT

A)strong and persistent cross-gender identification.
B)persistent discomfort with his or her sex.
C)strong homosexual urges.
D)belief that he or she was born the wrong sex.

Question 16

Recent surveys of sexual practices in Western countries have suggested that the percentage of men engaging in homosexual activity is

A)about 10%, which is the same as estimated by the 1953 Kinsey surveys.
B)about 10%, which is higher than estimated by the 1953 Kinsey surveys.
C)under 5%, which is significantly lower that the estimates of the 1953 Kinsey surveys.
D)between 5% and 10%, which is the same as estimated by the 1953 Kinsey surveys.

Question 17

The percentage of identical (monozygotic) twins in which both twins are homosexual is 50%. This means

A)homosexuality is determined by genetics.
B)genes are only one influence for sexual orientation.
C)family relationships determine sexual orientation.
D)genes are not an influence for sexual orientation.

Question 18

Research regarding sexual orientation suggests that homosexuality is

A)purely genetic.
B)completely caused by biological factors.
C)based on learning and choice only.
D)influenced by biological/genetic, psychological, and social factors.

Question 19

Which surgery is used to alter anatomy physically in order to be consistent with gender identity?

A)Plastic surgery
B)Vaginoplasty
C)Hormone transplant
D)Sex reassignment surgery

Question 20

Of the following, the individual who would most likely be diagnosed with gender dysphoria is

A)Joe, who gets sexually aroused by wearing women's bras.
B)Lisa, who is a lesbian and has many traditional masculine traits.
C)Mark, who feels like a woman trapped in a man's body.
D)Sid, who can only become sexually aroused while dressed like a woman.

Question 21

One reason that it is difficult to provide a precise diagnosis of premature ejaculation is that

A)the concept of "too soon" is dependent on the individual and the couple.
B)most men are too ashamed to admit the problem.
C)women generally are reluctant to tell their partners of the problem.
D)men are often unaware of what is considered "normal."

Question 22

One reason that different diagnostic criteria are used for males and females with inhibited orgasm disorder is

A)that the disorder is relatively rare in men.
B)that only about 20% of women regularly experience orgasm from intercourse.
C)both are reasons: that the disorder is relatively rare in men, and that only about 20% of women regularly experience orgasm from intercourse.
D)None of these are correct.

Question 23

The main feature of sexual arousal disorders is

A)lack of desire for sex despite normal physical sexual response.
B)sexual arousal to inappropriate stimuli.
C)the experience of pain during sex.
D)lack of physical sexual response despite desire for sex.

Question 24

In order to qualify for sex reassignment surgery, candidates must be stable in all of the following ways EXCEPT

A)psychologically.
B)financially.
C)socially.
D)physically

Question 25

The most commonly reported of all the male sexual dysfunctions is

A)premature ejaculation.
B)inhibited orgasm.
C)erectile dysfunction.
D)sexual aversion.

Question 26

According to your textbook, the features of sexual masochism include

A)behaviors involving the act of observing an unsuspecting person engaging in sexual activity.
B)fantasies involving the use of nonliving objects.
C)sexual urges involving the exposure of one's genitals.
D)sexually arousing fantasies involving the act of being humiliated.

Question 27

What is gender dysphoria?

A)Dissatisfaction with one's biological sex
B)The sense of identifying as more than one sex
C)Identifying as a gender other than male or female
D)Dissatisfaction of one's perceived sex

Question 28

Sherri and Leo have been having some sexual difficulties lately. Both have experienced some symptoms of sexual arousal disorders. They decide to have a few glasses of wine before engaging in sex tonight. Is this a good idea or a bad idea?

A)It's a good idea, since wine could increase desire.
B)It's a good idea, since wine could help performance.
C)It's a bad idea, since wine could further impair arousal.
D)It's a bad idea, since wine tends to increase inhibition.

Question 29

The disorder in which a man achieves orgasm only with great difficulty is called as

A)delayed ejaculation.
B)postmature ejaculation.
C)premature ejaculation.
D)vaginismus.

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT an important component of an assessment for sexual dysfunction?

A)A thorough review of family medical history
B)Interviews and questionnaires
C)A medical evaluation
D)A psychophysiological assessment

Question 31

Sandra and Jim have been happily married for several years. Sandra reports that she reaches orgasm from intercourse only about half the time and wonders if something is "wrong" with her. Sandra should

A)seek treatment for inhibited orgasm disorder.
B)have a medical exam.
C)realize that her inhibited orgasm problem means that she doesn't really love Jim.
D)realize that this is not unusual for women and can work on achieving orgasm with her partner, Jim.

Question 32

What is the suicide rate after sex reassignment surgery?

A)10%
B)2%
C)7%
D)15%

Question 33

Sexual arousal disorders are diagnosed when there is an

A)inability to achieve or maintain an erection in males or a lack of desire for sex in females.
B)inability to achieve or maintain an erection in males or a lack of orgasm in females.
C)inability to achieve orgasm for either gender despite erection in males or lubrication in females.
D)inability to achieve or maintain an erection in males or a lack of lubrication in females.

Question 34

The percentage of women reporting significant difficulty reaching orgasm is ____%.

A)5
B)10
C)25
D)40

Question 35

Psychophysiological assessment of sexual dysfunction is generally conducted by

A)using a device that measures physical arousal during exposure to an erotic video or audio recording.
B)asking patients to keep a diary of their sexual activities.
C)a physician during a medical exam.
D)using a device that measures brain waves during exposure to an erotic video or audio recording.

Question 36

According to your textbook, the features of voyeurism include

A)behaviors involving the act of observing an unsuspecting person undressing or naked to become aroused.
B)fantasies involving the use of nonliving objects.
C)sexual urges involving the exposure of one's genitals.
D)sexually arousing fantasies involving the act of being humiliated.

Question 37

Based on stringent criteria, research data indicate that the percentage of men between the ages of 18 and 59 with erectile dysfunction is ____%.

A)1
B)5
C)10
D)17

Question 38

What is the percentage of men over 60 with at least some impairment of erectile function?

A)3%
B)5%
C)20%
D)60%

Question 39

What does alcohol do for sexual arousal and behavior?

A)It facilitates them, but only in specific environments.
B)It suppresses them.
C)It facilitates arousal but inhibits behaviors.
D)It reduces inhibition but suppresses arousal.

Question 40

Two common medical causes of erectile dysfunction, in addition to kidney disease, are

A)asthma and diabetes.
B)vascular disease and diabetes.
C)vascular disease and asthma.
D)arthritis and diabetes.

Question 41

The original concept of performance anxiety as a cause of sexual dysfunction has been replaced with a more modern view that performance anxiety is comprised of factors in

A)anxiety, cognition, and depression.
B)arousal, anxiety, and depression.
C)hormones, arousal, and distraction.
D)arousal, cognitive processes, and negative affect.

Question 42

Treatment effectiveness studies of Masters and Johnson's sensate focus therapy have indicated that

A)certain aspects of the treatment, such as two therapists and daily therapy, are not necessary.
B)many therapists using Masters and Johnson's techniques are able to demonstrate even greater treatment effectiveness than Masters and Johnson did.
C)daily treatment is a critical component of the method.
D)sensate focus is generally only effective when administered by Masters and Johnson.

Question 43

JP often has problems with premature ejaculation. As he becomes more anxious about his problem, the amount of time between initiating intercourse and ejaculation will most likely

A)increase.
B)decrease.
C)remain the same.
D)depend upon what is making him anxious.

Question 44

The authors of your textbook suggest that one of the most effective treatments for many sexual dysfunctions is

A)exploration of the patient's sexual orientation.
B)improving the relationship with the patient's partner.
C)antianxiety medication.
D)education regarding normal sexuality.

Question 45

Children or young adults who experience sexual victimization are

A)no more likely to experience sexual dysfunction as adults than anyone else.
B)more likely to experience sexual dysfunction as adults if they are females.
C)more likely to experience sexual dysfunction as adults if they are males.
D)more likely to experience sexual dysfunction as adults.

Question 46

As a typical male with erectile dysfunction, we can expect Bill to show

A)avoidance of sexual cue awareness and an inaccurate sense of how aroused he is.
B)increased awareness of sexual cues and an accurate sense of how aroused he is.
C)increased awareness of sexual cues and an inaccurate sense of how aroused he is.
D)avoidance of sexual cue awareness and an accurate sense of how aroused he is.

Question 47

Sex therapy for erectile dysfunction has produced a positive treatment outcome in approximately ________ of the cases treated.

A)20% to 30%
B)40% to 50%
C)60% to 70%
D)80% to 90%

Question 48

The specific treatment found effective in the treatment of female orgasmic disorder is

A)antianxiety medication.
B)sensate focus.
C)training in masturbatory procedures.
D)increased sexual relations.

Question 49

What is the difference between gender dysphoria and transvestic fetishism?

A)Gender dysphoria is a formal diagnosis in the DSM and transvestic fetishism is not.
B)Gender dysphoria has to do with one's sense of identity, while transvestic fetishism is only about sexual gratification.
C)Gender dysphoria is not harmful, while transvestic fetishism can be dangerous.
D)There are no differences, hence the revisions to DSM-5 to combine them into a single diagnosis.

Question 50

Belief in common sexual myths such as "women normally reach orgasm every time they have intercourse" is more commonly held by men

A)who do not have sexual disorders.
B)with conservative sexual attitudes.
C)who have sexual disorders.
D)who are homosexual.

Question 51

Who will be most likely to have a sexual dysfunction?

A)Santo, a 28-year-old who sometimes gets overexcited and ejaculates after a couple of minutes
B)Henry, who is 65 and once had a heart attack
C)Imelda, who is 33 and sexually inexperienced
D)Katrina, who is 65 and has sex only once a week

Question 52

As a couple completes stage two of sensate focus therapy, they are instructed to

A)return to full, prior sexual activity.
B)slowly begin sexual activity, continuing nondemand pleasuring as they progress.
C)take a break from sexual activity for several weeks and then slowly return to normal sexuality.
D)begin the "genital pleasuring" stage of the treatment.

Question 53

Maggie and Jim have started sex therapy to deal with Jim's recent erectile dysfunction. The therapist has instructed them to refrain from intercourse or genital touching but to spend the next several days enjoying each other through hugging, kissing, and mutual massage. This is an example of

A)nongenital pleasuring.
B)cognitive restructuring.
C)nonsensate focus.
D)performance "rehearsal."

Question 54

The sex therapy technique designed specifically to treat premature ejaculation is

A)the squeeze technique.
B)sensate focus.
C)nondemand pleasuring.
D)cognitive restructuring.

Question 55

The condition called premature ejaculation occurs most frequently in

A)older men.
B)younger men.
C)married men.
D)divorced men.

Question 56

Stage two of sensate focus involves "genital pleasuring" but prohibits intercourse or orgasm. The main purpose of this stage is to

A)allow an individual to communicate his or her desires to a partner.
B)allow sexual experience without the anxiety of performance.
C)change the usual ways that the couple has tried to have sex.
D)provide increased anticipation of intercourse.

Question 57

Dilators of gradually increasing sizes are used in the treatment of

A)female orgasmic disorder.
B)vaginismus.
C)hypoactive sexual desire disorder.
D)all of these are correct

Question 58

Masters and Johnson reported that the use of sensate focus therapy for the treatment of premature ejaculation was effective in ____% of cases treated.

A)50
B)65
C)75
D)almost 100

Question 59

Sensate focus and nondemand pleasuring were designed by Masters and Johnson to treat sexual dysfunctions primarily through

A)improving a couple's sexual skills.
B)identifying medical conditions that contribute to sexual dysfunction.
C)involving an objective third party.
D)elimination of psychologically based performance anxiety.

Question 60

The most accurate description for the condition called erotophobia is

A)negative feelings toward sexuality.
B)negative feelings about other people.
C)fear of sex.
D)fear of being raped.

Question 61

Which of the following individuals is most likely to be diagnosed with a paraphilic disorder?

A)Ms. A, who is married to a man but often fantasizes about sex with women
B)Mr. B, who is sexually aroused by rubbing against strangers on the subway
C)Ms. C, who stumbled across a video of animals having sex and enjoyed watching it
D)Mr. D, who feels like he is addicted to masturbation, sometimes doing it five times per day

Question 62

According to results reported in your textbook, what is the percentage of women who successfully overcome vaginismus?

A)Less than 30
B)30 to 45
C)50 to 75
D)80 to 100

Question 63

Drug treatments for male erectile disorder include all of the following EXCEPT

A)Viagra.
B)Cialis.
C)Redux.
D)Levitra.

Question 64

Recurring ejaculation that occurs before the person wishes it with minimal sexual stimulation is called

A)delayed ejaculation.
B)postmature ejaculation.
C)premature ejaculation.
D)vaginismus.

Question 65

Therapy for sexual dysfunctions such as hypoactive sexual desire disorder can best be described as

A)well studied and widely available.
B)well studied but only available in specialty clinics.
C)not well studied and not available in all locations.
D)not well studied but generally available everywhere.

Question 66

________ are individuals who receive a sexual thrill from inflicting pain on others, and ________ are individuals who receive a sexual thrill from receiving physical pain.

A)Sadists; masochists
B)Masochists; sadists
C)Transvestites; paraphiliacs
D)Paraphiliacs; transvestites

Question 67

Greg and Diana often begin their sexual activity with Greg putting on a striptease show for Diana. They both report great satisfaction and excitement with this activity. In fact, Greg says that he gets aroused by exposing himself, and Diana reports getting aroused when she watches him undress. Which of the following statements is true?

A)Greg is an exhibitionist, and Diana is a voyeur.
B)Greg has gender dysphoria, and Diana has a fetishistic disorder.
C)Both Diana and Greg have nonspecific fetishes because they admit to getting sexually excited by their atypical behaviors.
D)Neither Greg nor Diana should be diagnosed with an exhibitionist or voyeuristic disorder because these behaviors involve consenting individuals.

Question 68

Most instances of rape

A)are committed by those with a paraphilic disorder.
B)are better characterized as an assault than by an act of sexual desire.
C)are sadistic.
D)are opportunistic.

Question 69

When the term paraphilia is used to describe the behavior of a rapist, it means that the rapist is aroused by

A)images of forced sex.
B)enjoyable intercourse.
C)underaged children.
D)unusual objects.

Question 70

All of the following are true statements regarding transvestic disorder EXCEPT

A)people with transvestic disorder are either homosexual or transsexual.
B)a significant percentage of individuals with this disorder are married.
C)a survey found that 3% of men had experienced it at least once.
D)sexual arousal is primarily focused on the clothing itself or thoughts or images of oneself as the opposite sex.

Question 71

One of the reasons that Viagra has become so widely accepted as a treatment for erectile dysfunction is that

A)it is more effective than the other available treatments.
B)it is less expensive than other medications, such as vasodilators.
C)people are unaware of the other options.
D)an oral medication is less awkward and intrusive than other treatments.

Question 72

Papaverine and prostaglandin, which are vasodilating drugs used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction, are delivered to the patient

A)in a capsule taken orally.
B)as a dietary supplement.
C)by injection directly into the penis.
D)via a skin patch.

Question 73

As reported in your textbook, as many as 30% of Viagra users have experienced

A)severe headaches.
B)addiction to the medication.
C)pelvic pain.
D)dizziness.

Question 74

Which of the following treatments is NOT currently used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction?

A)Vasodilating drugs
B)Antianxiety medication
C)Surgical prosthetic implant
D)Vacuum device therapy

Question 75

Charles gets very sexually excited by women's shoes. While he used to fantasize about women wearing particular shoes, he now focuses almost exclusively on the shoes themselves. Charles has a(n)

A)sexual dysfunction.
B)paraphilic disorder.
C)fetish.
D)frotteuristic obsession.

Question 76

According to the authors of your textbook, on many occasions, the sexual sadomasochistic behaviors themselves are

A)very rare.
B)dangerous.
C)always present.
D)mild and harmless.

Question 77

A fetish is a

A)source of dysfunction.
B)attraction to nonconsenting individuals.
C)attraction to inanimate objects.
D)a sexual desire that dominates the personality.

Question 78

A paraphilic disorder is defined as

A)a sexual dysfunction that inhibits pleasure.
B)an attraction to inappropriate or odd individuals or objects.
C)sexual disorders and deviations in which sexual arousal occurs almost exclusively in the context of inappropriate objects or individuals.
D)an extremely heightened sexual drive that causes distress.

Question 79

Approximately ____% of men and ______% of women age 75 to 85 were found to be sexually active in a large survey.

A)5; 4
B)11; 6
C)39; 17
D)19; 32

Question 80

Although vasodilating drugs such as papaverine and prostaglandin are effective in producing an erection for patients with erectile dysfunction, many patients discontinue use of the drugs because of

A)pain associated with drug administration.
B)the fact that these drugs eventually cure the disorder.
C)the expense of the drug.
D)the fact that the effectiveness of the drug decreases with continued use.