Deck 12: Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

Question 1

Which of the following is the definition of dementia praecox?

A)Silly and immature behavior
B)Premature loss of mind
C)Alternating immobility and agitated excitement
D)Delusions of grandeur or persecution

Answer 1

Premature loss of mind

Question 2

Which of the following is accurate in regard to the long-term outlook for patients with schizophrenia?

A)About 50% of people diagnosed with the disorder eventually recover.
B)Recovery is possible only if the person stays on medication.
C)Recovery is possible only if the patient receives psychotherapy.
D)Complete recovery from schizophrenia is rare.

Answer 2

Complete recovery from schizophrenia is rare.

Question 3

If an individual is diagnosed as psychotic, it usually means that the person has

A)hallucinations.
B)delusions.
C)both of these are correct
D)neither of these are correct

Answer 3

both of these are correct

Question 4

Eugen Bleuler's concept of schizophrenia as an "associative splitting" of the basic functions of personality led to the incorrect use of the term to mean

A)a fugue state.
B)multiple personality.
C)cognitive slippage.
D)folie à deux.

Question 5

Which of the following is the part of Kraepelin's definition of paranoia?

A)Silly and immature behavior
B)Early madness
C)Alternating immobility and agitated excitement
D)Delusions of grandeur or persecution

Question 6

Which of the following is the definition of catatonia?

A)Silly and immature behavior
B)Early madness
C)Immobility or agitated excitement
D)Delusions of grandeur or persecution

Question 7

Of the following groups of people, which is most likely to commit violent crimes?

A)Individuals with schizophrenia
B)Individuals with traits such as anger and antisocial personality
C)Healthy individuals
D)They are all equally likely to be violent

Question 8

The term schizophrenia was introduced in about 1908 by a Swiss psychiatrist named

A)Emil Kraepelin.
B)Sigmund Freud.
C)Eugen Bleuler.
D)Phillipe Pinel.

Question 9

Which of the following psychotic delusions defines Capgras syndrome?

A)A familiar person is actually a double.
B)You are a famous or important person.
C)People are out to get you.
D)A body part has changed in some impossible way.

Question 10

In the 1800s, physicians studying the disorder we now call schizophrenia used the term ________ because they observed that the onset of symptoms often occurred before adulthood.

A)adolescent insanity
B)folie à deux
C)catatonia previa
D)dementia praecox

Question 11

In the textbook case of Arthur, he said that he had a "secret plan to save all the starving children in the world." After Arthur showed other bizarre behavior and said he was going to climb the fence of a government building, his parents tried to have him admitted to a psychiatric hospital. They were not able to do that because

A)he was not considered a danger to himself or others.
B)he was given medication, instead, to calm him down.
C)the hospital staff didn't believe his parents.
D)his behavior was due to a substance abuse problem.

Question 12

Which of the following is the persecutory type of psychotic delusion?

A)A familiar person is actually a double.
B)You are a famous or important person.
C)People are out to get you.
D)A body part has changed in some impossible way.

Question 13

Which of the following characterize the disorder known as schizophrenia?

A)Delusions and hallucinations
B)Inappropriate emotions
C)Disorganized speech and behavior
D)All of these are correct

Question 14

In the late 1800s, the German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin made all of the following contributions to our knowledge of schizophrenia EXCEPT

A)distinguished dementia praecox (schizophrenia) from manic-depressive illness.
B)noted that hallucinations, delusions, and negativism were symptoms of dementia praecox (schizophrenia).
C)combined several symptoms of insanity (catatonia, paranoia, hebephrenia) that had usually been viewed as reflecting separate and distinct disorders.
D)conceptualized a treatment for patients with schizophrenia that is still being used today.

Question 15

Antoinette believes that her brother is not really her brother and that he has, in fact, been replaced by a double. This is known as _______________ syndrome.

A)Capgras
B)Cotard
C)Barlow
D)Durand

Question 16

Which of the following describes a delusion of grandeur?

A)A familiar person is actually a double.
B)You are a famous or important person.
C)People are out to get you.
D)A body part has changed in some impossible way.

Question 17

How were the majority of characters with schizophrenia in English language movies between 1990 and 2010 portrayed?

A)Depressed and lonely
B)Codependent and depressed
C)Violent, murderous, and suicidal
D)Needy, loving, and helpless

Question 18

Which of the following is the definition for hebephrenia?

A)Silly and immature behavior
B)Early madness
C)Alternating immobility and agitated excitement
D)Delusions of grandeur or persecution

Question 19

Which of the following defines Cotard syndrome?

A)A familiar person is actually a double.
B)You are a famous or important person.
C)People are out to get you.
D)One is actually dead.

Question 20

According to statistical data the prevalence of schizophrenia is about ____%.

A)0.01
B)1
C)5
D)10

Question 21

DSM-5 includes a dimensional assessment that rates the severity of the individual's symptoms on a

A)0 to 4 scale.
B)0 to 10 scale.
C)1 to 100 scale.
D)-10 to +10 scale.

Question 22

Which of the following is an environmental influence that seems to contribute to the development of schizophrenia?

A)Exposure to environmental infection
B)Pregnancy complications
C)Birth delivery complications
D)All of these are correct

Question 23

Mort has displayed a number of schizophrenic symptoms. An obvious one was his lack of speech content and slowed speech response. This symptom is called

A)anhedonia.
B)avolition.
C)clanging.
D)alogia.

Question 24

The motivational view of delusions theory posits that delusions

A)are attempts to deal with anxiety.
B)are attempts to deal with social isolation.
C)motivate erratic behavior.
D)motivate the misinterpretation of symptoms.

Question 25

According to research, a person with schizophrenia who exhibits flat affect

A)is incapable of experiencing emotion.
B)can display emotion at certain times.
C)is capable of experiencing emotion.
D)none of these are correct

Question 26

Research using brain imaging techniques has localized auditory hallucinations in the part of the brain called

A)Wernicke's area.
B)Broca's area.
C)the occipital lobe.
D)the limbic system.

Question 27

Between ___% and ____% of people with schizophrenia experience positive symptoms.

A)55; 65
B)65; 75
C)50; 70
D)80; 100.

Question 28

A research study involving adults with schizophrenia looked at their facial expressions in home movies taken when they were children. The researchers were trying to determine if the development of schizophrenia could be predicted by facial expressions showing limited emotional reactions. This research study focused on the negative symptom called

A)alogia.
B)affective flattening.
C)associative splitting.
D)emotional effect syndrome.

Question 29

Results of research showing that auditory hallucinations are localized in the expressive speech area of the brain suggest that

A)these hallucinations are produced by the auditory nerve in the ear as well as the speech area of the brain.
B)people who are hallucinating think the voices of other people are actually their own.
C)a person who is hallucinating is actually listening to his or her own thoughts.
D)these hallucinations are related to the disorganized speech that occurs in schizophrenia.

Question 30

The negative symptom of schizophrenia that entails a lack of interest in social interactions is called

A)social ineptitude.
B)asociality.
C)agoraphobia.
D)antisocial disorder.

Question 31

The deficit view of delusions theory posits that delusions

A)are caused by a deficit of emotion.
B)are caused by a deficit of social support.
C)result from brain dysfunction.
D)result from personality deficits.

Question 32

The negative symptom of schizophrenia called avolition is defined as

A)inability to initiate and persist in activities.
B)inability to experience pleasure.
C)lack of emotional response, blank facial expression.
D)lack of speech content and/or slowed speech response.

Question 33

The most common type of hallucination experienced by psychotic individuals is

A)visual.
B)auditory.
C)tactile.
D)olfactory.

Question 34

Which of the following negative symptoms of schizophrenia defines "flat affect"?

A)Inability to initiate and persist in activities
B)Inability to experience pleasure
C)Lack of emotional response, and a blank facial expression
D)Lack of speech content and/or slowed speech response

Question 35

Mark was diagnosed with schizophrenia many years ago. Most recently, he has been exhibiting some bizarre behaviors. For example, he has been standing for hours in unusual postures. Mark's motor dysfunction is called

A)cognitive slippage.
B)inappropriate affect.
C)catatonic immobility.
D)hebephrenia.

Question 36

The negative symptom of schizophrenia called alogia is defined as

A)inability to initiate and persist in activities.
B)inability to experience pleasure.
C)lack of emotional response, blank facial expression.
D)lack of speech content and/or slowed speech response.

Question 37

Which of the following symptoms, though common in schizophrenia, is NOT required for a formal diagnosis of the disorder?

A)Lack of insight
B)Disorganized speech
C)Hallucinations
D)Delusions

Question 38

The negative symptom of schizophrenia called anhedonia is defined as

A)inability to initiate and persist in activities.
B)inability to experience pleasure.
C)lack of emotional response, blank facial expression.
D)lack of speech content and/or slowed speech response.

Question 39

Marta, a hospitalized patient with schizophrenia, shows an unusual form of catatonia. If someone moves one of her arms or legs into a different position, it just stays that way. Marta's bizarre behavior is called

A)postural dysfunction.
B)waxy flexibility.
C)aerobic immobility.
D)schizophrenic movement disorder.

Question 40

People who experience hallucinations appear to have intrusive thoughts, but they believe they are coming from somewhere or someone else. They then engage in

A)denial that they are having these thoughts.
B)meta-worry that leads to increased anxiety and depression symptoms.
C)behaviors that distract them from these thoughts.
D)efforts to seek help through counseling.

Question 41

Which of the following defines the erotomanic type of delusional disorder?

A)Believing that one is loved by an important person or celebrity
B)Falsely believing that one's sexual partner is unfaithful
C)Believing in one's inflated worth, identity, or special relationship
D)Believing one is being malevolently treated in some way

Question 42

Which of the following defines the persecutory type of delusional disorder?

A)Believing that one is loved by an important person or celebrity
B)Falsely believing that one's sexual partner is unfaithful
C)Believing in one's inflated worth, identity, or special relationship
D)Believing one is being malevolently treated in some way

Question 43

Which of the following defines the somatic type of delusional disorder?

A)Believing that one is loved by an important person or celebrity
B)Falsely believing that one's sexual partner is unfaithful
C)Believing one is afflicted by a physical defect or general medical condition
D)Believing one is being malevolently treated in some way

Question 44

At various times, individuals have been arrested for stalking celebrities who they believed were in love with them. This condition is called a(n) ________ delusion.

A)jealous
B)erotomanic
C)somatic
D)persecutory

Question 45

The case of Arthur (described in your textbook), who suddenly experienced the delusion that he could save all the starving children in the world with a "secret plan," but whose symptoms lasted only a few days, was diagnosed with

A)schizotypal personality disorder.
B)folie à deux (shared psychotic disorder).
C)brief psychotic disorder.
D)cocaine abuse.

Question 46

In the United States, proportionately _______ African Americans receive the diagnosis of schizophrenia than ___________.

A)more; Latinos
B)less; Caucasians
C)more; Caucasians
D)less; Latinos

Question 47

DSM-5 is proposing a potentially new psychotic disorder for further study called

A)schizoaffective disorder.
B)schizotypal personality disorder.
C)attenuated psychosis syndrome.
D)brief psychotic disorder.

Question 48

Consuela believes that she is the wicked stepmother and her daughter Carmella believes she is Cinderella. It appears that the two are suffering from

A)schizoaffective disorder.
B)shizotypal disorder.
C)schizophreniform disorder.
D)folie à deux.

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT accurate regarding statistical data on schizophrenia?

A)The lifetime prevalence rate is 1%.
B)Life expectancy is less than average due to suicides and accidents.
C)Men with schizophrenia have a better prognosis than women with schizophrenia.
D)More women than men develop schizophrenia later in life.

Question 50

James is a security guard at the mall who seems lost in his own world, and seems somewhat eccentric to others. Suddenly, he believes his dead mother is nearby. He experiences this delusion off and on for a week. After a week passes, he no longer believes his dead mother is nearby. James probably would be diagnosed with

A)schizoaffective disorder.
B)schizotypal personality disorder.
C)schizoid personality disorder.
D)brief psychotic disorder.

Question 51

Schizophrenia is associated with "negative symptoms" that include all of the following EXCEPT

A)an inability to initiate and persist in activities.
B)flat affect.
C)poverty of speech (alogia).
D)hallucinations and delusions.

Question 52

Attenuated psychosis syndrome is described as

A)starting to develop hallucinations or delusions and seeking help from mental health professionals.
B)paying great attention to developing hallucinations or delusions.
C)ignoring developing hallucinations or delusions.
D)None of these are correct

Question 53

Callie has been diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder. This means that in addition to schizophrenia symptoms, she also has symptoms of

A)an anxiety disorder.
B)a mood disorder.
C)a split personality.
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 54

In which of the following disorders is found in two different areas of the DSM-5?

A)Schizotypal personality disorder
B)Schizoaffective disorder
C)Schizophreniform disorder
D)Brief psychotic disorder

Question 55

Which of the following defines the jealous type of delusional disorder?

A)Believing that one is loved by an important person or celebrity
B)Falsely believing that one's sexual partner is unfaithful
C)Believing in one's inflated worth, identity, or special relationship
D)Believing one is being malevolently treated in some way

Question 56

Which of the following defines the grandiose type of delusional disorder?

A)Believing that one is loved by an important person or celebrity
B)Falsely believing that one's sexual partner is unfaithful
C)Believing in one's inflated worth, identity, or special relationship
D)Believing one is being malevolently treated in some way

Question 57

The DSM-5 criteria for brief psychotic disorder indicate that the duration of the disturbance must be less than

A)one day.
B)one week.
C)one month.
D)six months.

Question 58

Schizophrenia is associated with "positive symptoms" that include

A)hallucinations and delusions.
B)good mood.
C)avolition.
D)catatonia.

Question 59

A woman diagnosed with schizophrenia announces that she has a plan to end poverty and homelessness in the world and that the Pope has given her secret instructions on how this can be accomplished. Her thinking is indicative of a delusion of

A)persecution.
B)thought insertion.
C)grandeur.
D)reference.

Question 60

In working with schizophrenic patients, mental health professionals typically distinguish between ________ symptoms (an excess or distortion of normal behavior) and ________ symptoms (deficits in normal behavior).

A)positive; negative
B)negative; positive
C)manic; depressive
D)dysmorphic; dysfunctional

Question 61

Which of the following occurs when drugs are administered to patients with schizophrenia?

A)Drugs that increase dopamine (agonists) cause an increase in schizophrenic behavior.
B)Drugs that decrease dopamine (antagonists) decrease schizophrenic symptoms.
C)Both a and b
D)Neither a nor b

Question 62

In which of the following situations would the risk of developing schizophrenia be the lowest for a child?

A)A child's schizophrenic parent has a non-schizophrenic identical twin.
B)A child's non-schizophrenic parent has a schizophrenic identical twin.
C)A child's schizophrenic parent has a non-schizophrenic fraternal twin.
D)A child's non-schizophrenic parent has a schizophrenic fraternal twin.

Question 63

Given the research on schizophrenia involving the offspring of twins, all of the following are accurate statements EXCEPT that

A)the child of a schizophrenic identical twin has the same risk (17%) of having the disorder as the child of the non-schizophrenic identical twin.
B)the child of a non-schizophrenic fraternal twin has about a 2% risk of having the disorder.
C)a mentally healthy individual with a schizophrenic parent cannot pass on a genetic predisposition for the disorder to his or her offspring.
D)an individual can be free from schizophrenia but still be a "carrier."

Question 64

Research studies focusing on genetic factors in schizophrenia have found that

A)an individual with a schizophrenic identical twin has the highest risk factor (almost 50%) of developing schizophrenia.
B)in family studies of schizophrenia, the genetic influence can be separated from the environmental impact.
C)if one person in a family has a particular subtype of schizophrenia, for example, paranoid, the other family members inherit a predisposition for that subtype only.
D)the more severe a parent's schizophrenic disorder, the less likely the children are to develop it.

Question 65

Scientists can observe how the newer antipsychotic medications work in the living brain of a patient with schizophrenia by using brain imaging techniques such as

A)the CT scan.
B)MRI.
C)an X-ray.
D)SPECT.

Question 66

Recent and highly sophisticated research focusing on neurochemical abnormalities as the cause of schizophrenia involves all of the following EXCEPT

A)deficiency in the stimulation of prefrontal dopamine D1 receptors.
B)excessive stimulation of striatal dopamine D2 receptors.
C)alterations in prefrontal activity involving glutamate transmissions.
D)changes in temporal lobe function associated with serotonin receptor activity.

Question 67

An ongoing research study in Finland is focusing on children of mothers with schizophrenia who were adopted into other families. To date, researchers have determined that ____% of these children have developed schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders.

A)1
B)5
C)10
D)25

Question 68

Which of the following is true regarding the ways that drugs affect neurotransmitters?

A)A drug that is an agonist occupies the receptor sites, blocking the neurotransmitter.
B)A drug that is an antagonist helps increase the release of the neurotransmitter.
C)Both a and b
D)Neither a nor b

Question 69

The famous case of the Genain sisters, identical quadruplets all diagnosed with schizophrenia, points out that siblings raised in the same household may experience their environment very differently, a concept called a(n)

A)variable home structure.
B)unshared environment.
C)environmental phenomenon.
D)unique perceptive interpretation.

Question 70

Which medication helps reduce the symptoms of schizophrenia but is a weak dopamine antagonist?

A)Chlorpromazine
B)Thorazine
C)Olanzapine
D)Neither a nor b

Question 71

What is the evidence for structural damage in the brains of patients with schizophrenia?

A)All patients with schizophrenia have smaller ventricles in their brains.
B)In some patients with schizophrenia, there is an excess amount of "gray matter" in the cerebral cortex.
C)The majority of patients with schizophrenia have enlarged ventricles in their brains.
D)Many patients with schizophrenia have increased activity in the frontal lobes of the brain.

Question 72

When looking for abnormalities in the brain as clues to the influences of schizophrenia in correlational research, it is important to keep certain questions in mind. For example, if a person with schizophrenia were found to have an excess of dopamine, a researcher would need to ask all of the following questions EXCEPT:

A)Does too much dopamine cause schizophrenia?
B)Does having schizophrenia cause an excess of dopamine?
C)Is there some factor that causes both schizophrenia and an excess of dopamine?
D)Why is the dopamine system active in the schizophrenic brain?

Question 73

Up to ___________% of people who later develop schizophrenia go through a prodromal stage.

A)65
B)75
C)85
D)95

Question 74

The Genain quadruplets Nora, Iris, Myra, and Hester showed us that

A)the course, symptoms, and prognosis of schizophrenia can vary even among quadruplets raised in the same household.
B)the course, symptoms, and prognosis of schizophrenia can be determined by birth weight.
C)schizophrenia is almost entirely genetic in its etiology.
D)having the same family environment largely ensures the same outcome in schizophrenia.

Question 75

Which of the following statements reflects "circumstantial evidence" for the dopamine theory of schizophrenia?

A)Antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics) act as dopamine agonists, increasing the amount of dopamine in the brain.
B)Antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics) can produce symptoms similar to those of Parkinson's disease (a disorder due to insufficient dopamine).
C)The drug L-dopa, a dopamine agonist, is used to treat schizophrenic symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease.
D)Amphetamines, which activate dopamine, can lessen psychotic symptoms in people with schizophrenia.

Question 76

Endophenotyping refers to looking for

A)a gene or genes that cause the symptoms or behaviors of schizophrenia.
B)basic processes that contribute to symptoms of the disorder.
C)basic processes that contribute to behaviors of schizophrenia.
D)all of these are correct

Question 77

Manuella would respond coolly when her daughter embraced her, but when the child tried to pull away Manuella would say, "Don't you love me anymore?" This is an example of

A)a schizophrenogenic mother.
B)double-bind communication.
C)expressed emotion.
D)none of these are correct

Question 78

Which of the following statements contradicts the dopamine theory of schizophrenia?

A)Many people with schizophrenia are not helped by dopamine antagonists.
B)Clozapine, one of the weakest dopamine antagonists, reduces schizophrenic symptoms in those patients who were not helped by stronger dopamine antagonists.
C)Both of these statements contradict the dopamine theory of schizophrenia.
D)Neither of these statements contradicts the dopamine theory of schizophrenia.

Question 79

Based on the various genetic linkage and association studies, one possible "marker" for schizophrenia involves

A)eye-tracking.
B)dopamine sites.
C)unusual facial features.
D)blood type.

Question 80

Schizophrenia appears to be more frequently diagnosed in minorities in a number of countries. An explanation for this is

A)people from devalued ethnic minority groups may be victims of bias and stereotyping.
B)it may be the result of misdiagnosis.
C)the levels of stress associated with stigma and isolation.
D)all of these are correct