Deck 2: Management Theory: Essential Background for the Successful Manager

Question 1

The classical viewpoint of management emphasized ways to

A) manage work more efficiently.
B) build more synergy.
C) work efficiently based on the environment.
D) include MBO.
E) increase diversity.

Answer 1

A
Explanation: The classical viewpoint emphasized finding ways to manage work more efficiently.

Question 2

The Best Fit Office Supplier continually talks with customers after they purchase their products, and The Best Fit managers regularly visit customers to gather feedback on new products, product improvements, and how The Best Fit can better serve its customers. This is an example of an open system.

Answer 2

True
Explanation: An open system continually interacts with its environment, getting feedback from the outside. A closed system has little interaction with its environment, getting little feedback from the outside.

Question 3

Sari, a movie theater manager, recently implemented a policy stating that workers who are willing to work a double shift on Friday or Saturday nights will earn a bonus on top of their regular pay. What is Sari implementing?

A) sliding pay scale
B) differential rate system
C) skimming profit margin
D) entitling employee payment
E) piece-rate method

Answer 3

B
Explanation: Taylor based his system on motion studies, in which he broke down each worker's job-moving pig iron at a steel company, say-into basic physical motions and then trained workers to use the methods of their best-performing coworkers. He suggested employers institute a differential rate system, in which more efficient workers earned higher rates of pay.

Question 4

Within his company, Vernon has set up a system with inputs, outputs, transformation processes, and feedback. He utilizes a management style that varies according to the individual and environmental situation, with a strategy for minimizing errors by managing each stage of production. Vernon is utilizing a ________ perspective.

A) historical
B) traditional
C) qualitative
D) contemporary
E) behavioral

Question 5

When faced with a business problem, Lauren, a young shoe store owner, discusses business problems with Kurt, the assistant manager and an employee for over 30 years. Lauren believes Kurt "has seen it all" and knows there are few really new ideas; plus the business has done many simple things, such as offering friendly service, to create and maintain a competitive edge. Lauren's management style is best described as

A) evidence-based.
B) behavioral.
C) family style.
D) contingency.
E) bottom-up.

Question 6

________ is based on the belief that facing the hard facts about what works and what doesn't will help organizations perform better.

A) Scientific management
B) The quality-management viewpoint
C) Evidence-based management
D) Behavioral management
E) MBO

Question 7

Arthur, a production manager, knows that some of his employees are upset with a new corporate policy that eliminates a tuition reimbursement program. As a result, some of these employees are reducing their productivity. To eliminate this behavior, Sal should

A) reduce the use of scientific principles in planning work methods.
B) carefully select workers according to their abilities and give workers training.
C) reduce training, but increase MBO.
D) place workers in any vacant position which focuses on their abilities.
E) meet with each employee and coach him/her.

Question 8

Jeffrey Pfeffer and Robert Sutton believed that evidence-based management is founded on the belief that facing the hard facts about what works and accepting the nonsense that passes for sound advice will help organizations perform better.

Question 9

A local grocer routinely develops and acquires new knowledge, and the employees communicate what they learn to other employees, so the company is able to modify its behavior to reflect what they have learned. This organization is an example of a learning organization.

Question 10

Which three approaches to management are considered historical perspectives?

A) systems, contingency, quality management
B) classical, scientific, quantitative
C) classical, operations, scientific
D) contemporary, historical, scientific
E) classical, behavioral, quantitative

Question 11

When Mr. Anderson, the owner of a local hardware store, asks one of his paint suppliers about the total ability of their product to meet customer needs, he is questioning the quality of that paint.

Question 12

Designer Manufacturing has a policy of using statistical sampling to locate errors by testing just some (rather than all) of the items in a particular production run. This strategy of minimizing errors is known as synergy.

Question 13

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth identified 17 basic units of motion that they called

A) movements.
B) time frames.
C) therbligs.
D) units.
E) action works.

Question 14

Ron, a plant manager, wants to institute a compensation system in which more efficient workers earn higher wages. Ron is proposing to institute a differential rate system.

Question 15

Peter Drucker was a 20th-century socialist, opposed capitalism and believed that managers were more of a hindrance than a help to most organizations.

Question 16

Chenglei, an IT manager, has been studying the actions that his workers perform in an attempt to improve their productivity. Chenglei is utilizing

A) job evaluation
B) management science.
C) behaviorism.
D) the Hawthorne effect.
E) scientific management.

Question 17

The idea that two or more forces combined create an effect that is greater than the sum of their individual effects is called syncretism.

Question 18

Adrianne is a package delivery service manager. She is interested in implementing ________, the management philosophy pioneered by Frederick W. Taylor and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, which scientifically studies work methods to improve the productivity of individual workers. In this particular case, Adrianne will study the routes that drivers take through a congested to city in order to identify ways that delivery staff can make the most deliveries in each two-hour period.

A) human relations management
B) scientific management
C) quantitative management
D) contingency management
E) management science

Question 19

Which of the following is a key benefit of studying theoretical perspectives on management?

A) They are effective cost-reduction tools.
B) They emphasize diversity.
C) They are effective synergy-building approaches.
D) They build a strong family-type culture.
E) They serve as a guide to action and a source of new ideas.

Question 20

Boltz Manufacturing, a parts supplier to the auto industry, has been using the behavioral approach to management for over 100 years. However, since that method of management is too simplistic for practical use, Boltz should begin implementing the newer and more sophisticated human relations movement approach to management, which is the most contemporary approach to management.

Question 21

A pay structure in which more efficient workers earn higher wages, as suggested by Frederick W. Taylor, is known as a(n) ________ system.

A) sliding scale
B) increasing wage
C) differential rate
D) wide wage
E) merit pay

Question 22

Aleksei, the IT manager, feels that his employees lack the motivation to consistently meet department goals. To better understand human actions and to motivate his employees toward achievement, Aleksei and his supervisors need to adopt the ________ viewpoint.

A) contingency
B) attitude
C) behavioral
D) classical
E) scientific

Question 23

The management approach that emphasized ways to manage work more efficiently is the ________ approach.

A) classical
B) quality-management
C) systems
D) contingency
E) MBO

Question 24

Which disciplines does the field of behavioral science include?

A) psychology, sociology, forensic science, and economics
B) psychology, forensic science, sociology, anthropology, and economics
C) psychiatry, technology, environmental science, and forensic science
D) chemistry, biology, earth science, and management
E) psychology, sociology, anthropology, and economics

Question 25

________ was the father of scientific management.

A) Frank Gilbreth
B) Tom Gallagher
C) Abraham Maslow
D) Peter Drucker
E) Frederick Taylor

Question 26

Mary Parker Follett anticipated some of today's workplace trends, such as

A) worker empowerment and scientific management.
B) self-managed teams and worker empowerment.
C) quality assurance and transformation processes.
D) management-lead teams and diversity.
E) synergy and the MBO process.

Question 27

According to proponents of the Hawthorne effect,

A) giving less attention to employees increases worker productivity.
B) increasing diversity results in increases in worker productivity.
C) increasing synergy increases worker productivity.
D) cutting costs through outsourcing harms employee morale and productivity.
E) giving more attention to employees increases worker productivity.

Question 28

Luka, who owns a small breakfast and salad bar, has a reputation in the community as a tough manager. Many customers have heard Luka yell at his employees because he feels that workers today are lazy, lack ambition, and hate to work. Luka is a(n) ________ manager.

A) Theory Z
B) contingency
C) Theory X
D) participative
E) Theory Y

Question 29

________ suggested that organizations should be operated as "communities," with managers and subordinates working together in harmony. For example, in a publishing company run as a community, editors, editorial assistants, and publishers would work together to determine which books should be published.

A) Adam Smith
B) Frank Gilbreth
C) Hugo Munsterberg
D) Mary Parker Follett
E) Max Weber

Question 30

The ________ approach to management focuses on scientific methods, time and motion studies, and job specialization with the goal of increasing productivity.

A) contingency
B) behavioral
C) MBO
D) systems
E) classical

Question 31

Hiro, the manager of a convenience store, is interested in implementing the principles of administrative management, which involves

A) doing time-motion studies.
B) focusing on efficiency and effectiveness
C) increasing synergy.
D) managing the total organization.
E) implementing MBO.

Question 32

To better meet corporate goals this year, Yumiko, a CEO, is encouraging her managers to focus on the major functions of management, which are

A) planning, organizing, recruiting, monitoring, and delegating.
B) recruiting, monitoring, delegating, and coordinating.
C) planning, organizing, leading, controlling, and arbitrating.
D) recruiting, planning, organizing, and leading.
E) planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.

Question 33

Natasha, the general manager of a putting range, believes that her workers are responsible and capable, and that they can be trusted when given responsibility. Natasha is an example of a(n) ________ manager.

A) Theory Z
B) contingency
C) Theory X
D) participative
E) Theory Y

Question 34

The behavioral science approach relies on scientific research for developing theories about human behavior that can be

A) used to develop sales tools.
B) used in behavioral science research.
C) helpful when looking at competitive products.
D) used to provide practical tools for managers.
E) used to establish MBO goals.

Question 35

Order the schools of thought in the behavioral viewpoint from earliest to most recent.

A) early behaviorism, human relations movement, scientific management
B) operations management, human relations movement, MBO phase
C) early behaviorism, human relations movement, behavioral science
D) early behaviorism, industrial, human relations movement
E) early behaviorism, human relations movement, administrative phase

Question 36

Maslow's hierarchy of human needs included

A) physiological, financial, love, esteem, and self-actualization.
B) financial, love, friends, and self-actualization.
C) food and shelter, companionship, ego, and self-actualization.
D) physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization.
E) physiological, financial, love, and empowerment.

Question 37

Hugo Munsterberg believed that psychologists can contribute to industry by ________. For example, Munsterberg might suggest that a company implement a monthly bonus plan that rewards workers for achieving the goals set by their managers.

A) developing strategies to influence employees to follow their interests
B) encouraging employees to develop new products
C) devising management strategies to influence employees to follow management's interests
D) helping organizations increase diversity
E) helping companies increase efficiency and productivity

Question 38

Abraham Maslow proposed the

A) hierarchy of human needs.
B) Hawthorne effect.
C) hierarchy of production.
D) concept of self-managed teams.
E) worker empowerment theory.

Question 39

Hugo Munsterberg is known as

A) the father of scientific management.
B) a pioneer of scientific management.
C) the father of the MBO method.
D) the father of industrial psychology.
E) the originator of sociology.

Question 40

Because there are some positive aspects of bureaucracy, as proposed by Max Weber, Therese, a restaurant manager, is interested in implementing certain aspects of the bureaucratic approach to management within her restaurant. Like Weber, Therese feels bureaucracy is a

A) rational, efficient, cost-cutting tool based on principles of behaviorism.
B) sales-generating tool.
C) rational, efficient method of increasing productivity.
D) rational, efficient, ideal organization based on principles of logic.
E) rational, cost-cutting, efficient organization based on principles of synergy.

Question 41

The systems viewpoint regards the various parts making up the whole system as

A) microsystems.
B) macrosystems.
C) subsystems.
D) management collections.
E) organizational sets.

Question 42

Jasmine, a chef in a fine restaurant, utilizes top-of-the-line equipment as she prepares meals for customers. Jasmine and her equipment are a(n) ________ in the restaurant's system.

A) cog
B) component
C) output-participant
D) output
E) input

Question 43

Paul English of Kayak.com uses new employees as an excuse for altering an existing open-office seating arrangement. English's action is an application of ________ to management.

A) the country club approach
B) the office politics approach
C) the behavioral science approach
D) the synergy research approach
E) a Theory X approach

Question 44

When a line cook in a restaurant uses raw meat to cook a hamburger that becomes part of the restaurant's Super Burger Special, the cook is taking part in a

A) transformation process.
B) conversion process.
C) metamorphosis.
D) turning point.
E) therblig.

Question 45

A computer manufacturer is seeking to cut costs by designing an inventory system that reduces the number of finished products in stock due to overproduction and to set in place a production schedule that better matches customers' orders. These plans are an example of ________ in action.

A) operations management
B) scientific management
C) production management
D) inventory oversight
E) inventory analysis

Question 46

When a manager assesses a particular situation and decides what to do according to the individual and environmental situation, the manager is utilizing the ________ viewpoint.

A) behavioral
B) systems
C) scientific
D) bureaucratic
E) contingency

Question 47

Management science stresses the use of rational, science-based techniques and mathematical models to improve

A) decision making and goal setting.
B) synergy.
C) cost-cutting and planning.
D) decision making and strategic planning.
E) sales and customer relationships.

Question 48

Oleg, the CEO of a large global production company, is excited about the introduction of statistics and computer simulations in the design stage of the company's products. Oleg is using

A) the design approach.
B) quantitative techniques.
C) MBO.
D) scientific management.
E) behavioral management.

Question 49

The American economy consists of a complex combination of organizations and variables, such as countless companies differing in size and what they sell, current events, and markets (for example, the housing market and the stock market). According to ________, all of these independent factors interact with one another according to certain simple rules.

A) complexity theory
B) a closed market system
C) a webbed system
D) contingency theory
E) behavioral theory

Question 50

A local farmer grows and sells corn and pumpkins to the local grocers. Look at the farmer's business as a system. In which category do the corn and pumpkins, profits, and losses fall?

A) input
B) therblig
C) transformational process
D) result
E) output

Question 51

When the sales of a certain brand of diet soda slowed, a national grocery retailer decided to drop the price of that product, which resulted in a large increase in sales of the soda. This sales increase is a type of

A) Big Data.
B) input.
C) quality control.
D) change
E) feedback.

Question 52

Gary Hamel suggests we need to look at management as a process and then make improvements and innovation

A) intuitively.
B) only if doing so results in synergy.
C) ongoing and systematic.
D) only if doing so saves money.
E) occasionally.

Question 53

Operations management focuses on managing the production and delivery of an organization's products or services

A) more economically.
B) by utilizing motion studies.
C) with a more diverse workforce.
D) more effectively.
E) to more customers.

Question 54

Acme Sales calls its customers after they purchase an automobile from the dealership. In addition, every year customers are asked to complete a short survey about the car they purchased from Acme Sales and their customer-service experiences with the dealership. Acme Sales is an example of a(n) ________ system.

A) open
B) closed
C) open-door
D) bureaucratic
E) management

Question 55

The new chief information officer of a national fast food chain is using mathematical tools to aid in product ordering and scheduling decisions. The CIO is using

A) statistical management.
B) scientific management.
C) behavioral science.
D) management science.
E) goal management.

Question 56

The Ryan family had a fire that destroyed their home. Various departments of a restoration company, from the initial cleanup crew to the assistance with the Ryan family moving back in, worked together to achieve this goal. All of the company's interrelated parts working together to accomplish a goal (in this case, the restoration of the Ryan home) is an example of a(n)

A) process.
B) hierarchical process.
C) input-output structure.
D) structure.
E) system.

Question 57

The systems viewpoint sees organizations as entities made up of four interrelated parts known as

A) planning, design, monitoring, production, and feedback.
B) planning, inputs, monitoring, outputs, and feedback.
C) inputs, outputs, transformation processes, and feedback.
D) planning, design, inputs, monitoring, outputs, and follow-up feedback.
E) vision, planning, design, production, monitoring, and follow-up feedback.

Question 58

The three contemporary management perspectives are the ________ viewpoints.

A) quality management, behavioral, and customer
B) systems, scientific, and contingency
C) systems, contingency, and quality management
D) diversity, quantitative, and qualitative
E) contemporary, noncontemporary, and behavioral

Question 59

Nikita is the manager of a local small hotel. Just today Nikita received word that a major convention will be coming to town next month, and the demand for hotel rooms is expected to skyrocket. In a conversation with the owner, she asked, "What should our approach to pricing be for the week of the convention? Should we require payment in full at the time of the reservation?" Which management method is Nikita using?

A) the devil's advocate method
B) scientific management
C) the synergy method
D) the contingency viewpoint
E) the systems viewpoint

Question 60

For years Print and Copy, a copier machine supplier, enjoyed strong sales and a huge share of the copier market, far ahead of its nearest competitor. However, over the years, Print and Copy seldom asked customers for feedback. So when some of Print and Copy's competition responded to customers' needs and started offering copiers with new features (such as wireless printing from laptop and tablet computers), Print and Copy lost much of its market share. Print and Copy's system is best described as

A) open.
B) isolated.
C) entropic
D) internal.
E) closed.

Question 61

Which management viewpoint assumes that people are rational?

A) classical
B) behavioral
C) quantitative
D) scientific
E) administrative

Question 62

________ believed that quality stemmed from "constancy of purpose," and that managers should stress teamwork, be helpful rather than simply give orders, and make employees feel comfortable about asking questions.

A) Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
B) Henri Fayol
C) Max Weber
D) Mary Parker Follett
E) W. Edwards Deming

Question 63

________ has NOT been as successful because employees do not have control over the design of the work process.

A) Quality control
B) Quality assurance
C) Total quality management
D) Quality management viewpoint
E) Continuous quality improvement

Question 64

Joseph Juran defined quality as "fitness for use," which means that

A) a product or service should be priced competitively.
B) an organization should produce products that will help customers stay healthy.
C) companies should focus on products that help the community.
D) products should be checked and rechecked for defects.
E) a product or service should satisfy a customer's real needs.

Question 65

Kaylee's customers seem to be buying less of her freshly baked breads and more of her yogurt parfaits and coffees. She begins to ask customers at the checkout why they made their selection. She learns that many of her customers are choosing a gluten-free diet. She changes her breads and now is selling gluten-free breads and most days sells out. Kaylee used

A) feedback.
B) input.
C) output.
D) a transformational process.
E) complexity theory.

Question 66

Noah's Ark is a successful child care center. It focuses on actively developing, finding, and communicating new knowledge to its employees so that workers can modify their behavior to reflect this new knowledge. Noah's Ark is an example of a(n) ________ organization.

A) customer-focused
B) learning
C) research
D) evolving
E) innovative

Question 67

Based on the contingency viewpoint, which statement would be true?

A) Bill can telecommute and Harry can bring his small dog to work.
B) All employees in the IT Division have to work this weekend but can take Monday off.
C) Faculty will receive a 4 percent raise and support staff will receive a 2 percent raise.
D) Laptops can be taken out of their docking stations for meetings in the building but cannot leave the building.
E) Jeans are allowable dress for Fridays but employees have to pay to participate.

Question 68

Samir does not understand how his manager, Betsy always knows how much of what product to order and how to schedule employee shifts. Which approach would help him?

A) understanding the present
B) guide to action
C) source of new ideas
D) producing positive results
E) clues to meaning of your managers' decisions

Question 69

Lisa's Pizza is trying to compete with the larger Domino's Pizza down the street for customers. She feels she can deliver a better tasting product, faster, and cheaper. She has given all the drivers GPS systems; she has ordered in bulk; and she has surveyed customers about what type of pizzas they want. She is practicing

A) quantitative management.
B) management science.
C) operations management.
D) qualitative management.
E) behavioral management.

Question 70

Which theorist said, "there is no business without a customer"?

A) Max Weber
B) Peter Drucker
C) Charles Spaulding
D) Henri Fayol
E) Frederick Taylor

Question 71

Myra, a new branch manager, shares her personal story of how she came into the profession, her family life, and the challenges she has faced being biracial. She shares her excitement to learn from everyone and is excited to introduce the new app that will be released to customers in the near future. Myra is demonstrating she is part of a learning organization by

A) creating and acquiring knowledge.
B) being committed to learning.
C) modifying her behavior.
D) generalizing ideas.
E) transferring her knowledge.

Question 72

To gain a competitive edge this year, the upper management of a global IT company has decided to focus on customer service, employee training, and continuous quality improvement. This approach is known as

A) customer focus.
B) total quality management (TQM).
C) evidence-based management.
D) competitive edging.
E) constancy of purpose.

Question 73

Which management viewpoint saw humans as cogs within a machine?

A) classical
B) behavioral
C) quantitative
D) scientific
E) administrative

Question 74

An organization in which the management builds a commitment to learning, works to generate ideas with impact, and works to generalize ideas with impact is creating a(n)

A) innovation focused organization.
B) learning organization.
C) employee engagement atmosphere.
D) customer-focused organization.
E) 360-degree training structure.

Question 75

Colleen has three employees that she struggles to understand their work habits. Dylan likes to come in at noon and work until late in the evening. Sanjay comes in early, creates a task list for the day and only works on what is on the list. Zoë flits in and out of others' cubicles and seems to always be off task but when asked for a report, she has it handy. Colleen should learn more about which theorist to help her best manage these employees?

A) Mary Parker Follett
B) Elton Mayo
C) Abraham Maslow
D) Hugo Munsterberg
E) Douglas McGregor

Question 76

Bradley, an executive chef in a large hotel, recently attended a training conference sponsored by several top professionals in his field, where he learned numerous ways his restaurant and hotel can better serve customers. Bradley is excited that management asked him to present this information to the hotel staff so that the restaurant and hotel can make needed improvements. Bradley's hotel is a(n) ________ organization.

A) focused
B) learning
C) evolving
D) customer-focused
E) innovative

Question 77

After returning home from a trade show, Mr. Stephenson, the president of a manufacturing company, called a meeting of his production department. He indicated that the company would soon be implementing a new policy of ________, which focuses on worker performance and urges employees to strive for zero defects.

A) quality assurance
B) constancy of purpose
C) restructuring
D) scientific management
E) the total quality movement

Question 78

Harriet is planning a scavenger hunt as a team building activity for the next all staff meeting. Harriet is using the principles of

A) Max Weber.
B) Peter Drucker.
C) Charles Spaulding.
D) Henri Fayol.
E) Frederick Taylor.

Question 79

The management of Omega Manufacturing is implementing a plan to minimize production mistakes by allowing teams that work in each area of the production facility to develop a plan and then monitor their area to ensure the reduction of errors. The managers are engaging in

A) efficiency monitoring.
B) quality control.
C) innovative planning.
D) the minimal defect approach.
E) JIT.

Question 80

The management of a facility that manufactures parts for car brakes has a policy of testing only some of the items in each production run to locate errors, with the ultimate goal of minimizing errors by managing each stage of production. This process is an example of the ________ technique.

A) zero defects
B) minimal defects
C) JIT
D) quality focus
E) quality control