Deck 12: Cancer and the Cell Cycle

Question 1

Which of the following statements about growth characteristics of cancer is FALSE?

A) Cells reproduce by mitosis.
B) Cells divide continuously.
C) Cells can be invasive.
D) Cells have the ability to form lumps.
E) Tumors begin in multiple cells at the same time.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The development of cancer has been linked to all of the following EXCEPT

A) mutations.
B) exposure to carcinogens.
C) diet.
D) smoking cigarettes.
E) use of drugs.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

What is the normal function of a tumor suppressor gene?

A) It helps cells maintain the cytoplasm
B) It prevents protein assembly
C) It suppresses mutational events
D) It activates cellular division
E) It halts cellular division

Answer 3

E

Question 4

What is the normal function of a proto-oncogene?

A) It suppresses mutational events
B) It fights off parasitic infection
C) It prevents protein assembly
D) It turns on cellular division
E) It turns off cellular division

Question 5

The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another is called

A) benign movement.
B) carcinogenic.
C) tumor suppression.
D) malignant movement.
E) metastasis.

Question 6

____ tumors have cells that can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body.

A) Benign
B) Malignant
C) Carcinogenic
D) Oncogenic
E) Transduction

Question 7

Cytokinesis refers to

A) replication of the chromosomes.
B) distribution of the chromosomes.
C) division of the cytoplasm.
D) the first phase of mitosis.
E) S phase of interphase.

Question 8

Which of the following describes differences between normal cells and cancer cells?

A) Normal cells have a large amount of cytoplasm, while cancer cells have a small amount of cytoplasm.
B) Normal cells have multiple nuclei, while cancer cells have a single nucleus.
C) Normal cells have coarse chromatin, while cancer cells have fine chromatin.
D) Normal cells have multiple nucleoli, while cancer cells have a single nucleolus.
E) Cancer cells exhibit controlled cell division, while normal cells exhibit uncontrolled cell division.

Question 9

Which of the following statements describes characteristics of cancerous cells?

A) Cancerous cells respond to normal checkpoints.
B) All cancer cells are the result of a bacterial infection.
C) Cancer cells exhibit uncontrolled growth.
D) All cancer cells have the ability to metastasize.
E) All of these are true about cancerous cells.

Question 10

____ is the time between mitotic cell divisions.

A) Metaphase
B) Interphase
C) Mitosis
D) Cytokinesis
E) G2

Question 11

Proteins encoded by the ____ genes turn off or decrease the rate of cell division.

A) tumor suppressor
B) oncogenes
C) proto-oncogenes
D) DNA repair
E) DNA replication genes

Question 12

The genetic material of cells is duplicated during which stage of the cell cycle?

A) S
B) G1
C) Cytokinesis
D) Mitosis
E) G2

Question 13

All of the following are characteristics of benign tumors EXCEPT they

A) do not increase in size.
B) do not spread.
C) can sometimes be present as cysts.
D) cause problems only when they become large enough to interfere with the normal functioning of neighboring organs.
E) are considered noncancerous.

Question 14

Cancer is

A) a single disease that only affects a few different cell types.
B) characterized by uncontrolled cell growth.
C) always caused by a viral infection.
D) always caused by a bacterial infection.
E) All of these describe cancer.

Question 15

During cell division,cytokinesis occurs after which phase of mitosis?

A) prophase
B) metaphase
C) anaphase
D) telophase
E) interphase

Question 16

What is the mutated form of a proto-oncogene called?

A) A tumor suppressor gene.
B) A BRCA1 gene.
C) A carcinogenic gene.
D) A proto-suppressor gene.
E) An oncogene.

Question 17

Which of the following is not a characteristic of cancer cells?

A) They have a single small nucleus.
B) They have a small amount of cytoplasm.
C) They have multiple nuclei.
D) They have a coarse chromatin.
E) They have large and multiple nucleoli.

Question 18

Which virus has been linked to cervical cancer?

A) human papillomavirus
B) HIV
C) Herpes Simplex Virus
D) measles
E) influenza

Question 19

Cancer is all of the following EXCEPT

A) a simple disease.
B) capable of affecting different cells and tissues.
C) characterized by uncontrolled cell division.
D) capable of metastasizing.
E) characterized by viable changes in cell characteristics.

Question 20

The cell cycle checkpoints

A) are regulated by oncogenes.
B) act as barriers to cell division of cancerous cells.
C) are bypassed by normal cells.
D) prevent normal cells from dividing.
E) keep cells with damaged DNA from dividing.

Question 21

Some cancers appear to run in families.

Question 22

Chromosomal translocations can lead to some forms of leukemia and myeloma.

Question 23

MATCHING
Match the associated terms. You may use a choice more than once.
a.Translocation
b.Breast cancer
c.Oncogene
d.Skin cancer
e.Tumor suppressor gene
f.Cervical cancer
g.Lung cancer
Melanoma

Question 24

Smoking cigarettes has been linked to only one type of cancer.

Question 25

How does a mutation in the RAS gene lead to uncontrolled cellular division?

A) The RAS protein can no longer act as a tumor suppressor.
B) The RAS protein becomes stuck in the "on" position.
C) The RAS protein gets stuck in the plasma membrane.
D) The RAS protein becomes stuck in the "off" position.
E) The RAS protein can no longer act to repair DNA damage.

Question 26

The two major checkpoints in the cell cycle are the

A) prophase and metaphase checkpoints.
B) G2/M and interphase/M checkpoints.
C) G2/M and prophase checkpoints.
D) G1/S and metaphase checkpoints.
E) G1/S and G2/M checkpoints.

Question 27

Although an estimated one million new cases of skin cancer are reported in the U.S.in a year,very few of them are related to tanning lamps.

Question 28

MATCHING
Match the associated terms. You may use a choice more than once.
a.Translocation
b.Breast cancer
c.Oncogene
d.Skin cancer
e.Tumor suppressor gene
f.Cervical cancer
g.Lung cancer
Philadelphia chromosome

Question 29

In which of these cancers have RAS mutations been implicated?

A) colon cancer
B) cancer of the oral cavity
C) lung cancer
D) breast cancer
E) skin cancer

Question 30

Increased exposure to UV radiation is usually associated with decreased incidence of skin cancer.

Question 31

Normal cell division is controlled by oncogenes.

Question 32

Because males have much less breast tissue than females,males do not get breast cancer.

Question 33

MATCHING
Match the associated terms. You may use a choice more than once.
a.Translocation
b.Breast cancer
c.Oncogene
d.Skin cancer
e.Tumor suppressor gene
f.Cervical cancer
g.Lung cancer
Familial adenomatous polyposis

Question 34

Smoking cigarettes has been related to cancer of the

A) oral cavity.
B) cervix.
C) breasts.
D) stomach.
E) colon.

Question 35

When tumor suppressor genes are mutated,cancers can form.

Question 36

A person's genetics can affect the susceptibility of individuals to environmental agents.

Question 37

MATCHING
Match the associated terms. You may use a choice more than once.
a.Translocation
b.Breast cancer
c.Oncogene
d.Skin cancer
e.Tumor suppressor gene
f.Cervical cancer
g.Lung cancer
BRCA1 and BRCA2

Question 38

Signal transduction begins with

A) a series of protein molecules interacting within a cell.
B) changes in gene expression.
C) direct movement of the signal into the nucleus.
D) binding of a signal to a receptor on the cell surface.
E) release of a signal from a cell surface receptor.

Question 39

Lightly pigmented people are at lower risk of skin cancer that heavily pigmented individuals.

Question 40

What are the different types of external signals that can activate a cell's signal transduction pathway?

A) nerve stimulation
B) hormones
C) pollutants
D) steroids
E) All of these can act as external signals.

Question 41

Compare and contrast oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.

Question 42

MATCHING
Match the associated terms. You may use a choice more than once.
a.Translocation
b.Breast cancer
c.Oncogene
d.Skin cancer
e.Tumor suppressor gene
f.Cervical cancer
g.Lung cancer
Human papillomavirus

Question 43

MATCHING
Match the associated terms. You may use a choice more than once.
a.Translocation
b.Breast cancer
c.Oncogene
d.Skin cancer
e.Tumor suppressor gene
f.Cervical cancer
g.Lung cancer
Tamoxifen

Question 44

MATCHING
Match the associated terms. You may use a choice more than once.
a.Translocation
b.Breast cancer
c.Oncogene
d.Skin cancer
e.Tumor suppressor gene
f.Cervical cancer
g.Lung cancer
UV radiation

Question 45

Smoking is a leading cause of cancer,but is still legally allowed.What are the current legal and ethical issues surrounding the legality of selling tobacco products?

Question 46

MATCHING
Match the associated terms. You may use a choice more than once.
a.Translocation
b.Breast cancer
c.Oncogene
d.Skin cancer
e.Tumor suppressor gene
f.Cervical cancer
g.Lung cancer
mutated RAS gene

Question 47

Explain why most,if not all,cancers are multifactorial.What does this mean to a woman who inherits both mutant BRCA genes? One mutant BRCA gene? No mutant BRCA genes?

Question 48

MATCHING
Match the associated terms. You may use a choice more than once.
a.Translocation
b.Breast cancer
c.Oncogene
d.Skin cancer
e.Tumor suppressor gene
f.Cervical cancer
g.Lung cancer
Ozone depletion

Question 49

What is cancer? Why is it considered a complex disease?

Question 50

Why are women more likely to develop breast cancer than men? What is the implication of this in terms of diagnosis of the disease in men? What are some risk factors for breast cancer in men?

Question 51

MATCHING
Match the associated terms. You may use a choice more than once.
a.Translocation
b.Breast cancer
c.Oncogene
d.Skin cancer
e.Tumor suppressor gene
f.Cervical cancer
g.Lung cancer
Smoking cigarettes

Question 52

MATCHING
Match the associated terms. You may use a choice more than once.
a.Translocation
b.Breast cancer
c.Oncogene
d.Skin cancer
e.Tumor suppressor gene
f.Cervical cancer
g.Lung cancer
Wilms tumor

Question 53

MATCHING
Match the associated terms. You may use a choice more than once.
a.Translocation
b.Breast cancer
c.Oncogene
d.Skin cancer
e.Tumor suppressor gene
f.Cervical cancer
g.Lung cancer
Gardasil