Deck 15: Genetics and Populations

Question 1

What is the advantage that heterozygotes of the sickle cell gene have over people who are not carriers?

A) Carriers of the sickle cell allele are resistant to developing Huntington disease.
B) Carriers of the sickle cell allele are resistant to malaria.
C) Carriers of the sickle cell allele are resistant to Tay-Sachs.
D) Carriers are more likely to live longer than non-carriers.
E) Carriers of the sickle cell allele are resistant to cystic fibrosis.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In order to construct her pedigree analysis for Huntington disease,Nancy Wexler used which of the following populations?

A) 20,000 people from the database of the National Institutes of Health in the U.S.
B) Close to 19,000 Venezuelans who lived in an isolated area.
C) The entire population of Venezuela.
D) Everybody with Huntington disease.
E) Only families with no history of Huntington disease.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

How can we use the Hardy-Weinberg equation?

A) The equation is useful for the analysis of multifactorial traits.
B) It is a test that can tell the difference between carriers of mutant alleles and those who do not have the allele at all.
C) The Hardy-Weinberg can be used to calculate how many identical twins there are in a population.
D) The Hardy-Weinberg equation can be used to estimate the carrier frequencies in populations.
E) It gives a clue to the function of a gene.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The genetic analysis of molecular markers on the Y chromosome supports which of the following statements?

A) The Lemba do have a history of migration from the Middle East.
B) One in ten Lemba females carried the Cohen model haplotype.
C) The Y chromosome haplotypes of the Israeli men were different from those of the men from the Middle East.
D) There was no relationship between the Jewish priests and the Lemba leaders.
E) The genetic tests were inconclusive.

Question 5

On which chromosome is the gene for Huntington disease found?

A) 1
B) 4
C) 21
D) X
E) Y

Question 6

All of the following are examples of autosomal recessive disorders EXCEPT

A) Huntington disease.
B) sickle cell anemia.
C) cystic fibrosis.
D) PKU.
E) Tay-Sachs.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about Huntington disease (HD)is true ?

A) The disease is caused by a high number of repeated DNA triplets.
B) The gene responsible for the disease has not been located yet.
C) As the number of repeated triplets decreases, the severity of the symptoms increases.
D) People living around Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela show a very low frequency of HD.
E) Normal copies of the HD gene only have one copy of the DNA triplet.

Question 8

When considering sickle cell anemia and malaria,

A) both diseases are determined entirely by genetics.
B) the geographic distributions of the two are very similar.
C) there is no overlap in their geographic distributions.
D) both disease are caused by the same parasite.
E) the two diseases show no know relationship.

Question 9

How did the frequency of Huntington disease (HD)in the population that Nancy Wexler studied compare to the frequency in the general population?

A) The frequency of the studied population was lower than the frequency of the general population.
B) The frequency of the studied population was higher than the frequency of the general population.
C) All of the people in the studied population had HD.
D) The frequencies of the studied population and the general population were about the same.
E) None of the people in the studied population had HD.

Question 10

Cystic fibrosis affects all of the following EXCEPT

A) the glands that produce mucus.
B) the glands producing digestive enzymes.
C) lung health.
D) sweat glands.
E) cholesterol levels.

Question 11

What approach did Nancy Wexler take to identify a DNA marker associated with Huntington disease?

A) population-based pedigree and DNA analysis
B) DNA analysis of people from all over the world
C) gathering DNA from members of her family
D) DNA analysis of the entire population of Venezuela
E) concordance analysis between monozygotic and dizygotic twins

Question 12

The Y chromosome is passed from

A) mothers to all of her sons.
B) fathers to all of his daughters.
C) fathers to all of his sons.
D) mothers to all of her daughters.
E) fathers to all of his children.

Question 13

Which of the following is true about Huntington disease (HD)?

A) HD is caused by an increase in the number of copies of a repeated DNA sequence.
B) HD is caused by a decrease in the number of copies of a repeated DNA sequence.
C) HD is inherited in a recessive manner.
D) HD affects only males.
E) The HD gene does not cause disease when the number of repeats is 40 or more.

Question 14

Which of the following is true about the Y chromosome?

A) All humans have a copy of the Y chromosome.
B) It passes from fathers to all of his children.
C) It is constantly changing from generation to generation.
D) It can be used to trace maternal ancestry.
E) It can be used to trace paternal ancestry.

Question 15

Certain populations have a much higher frequency of carriers of recessive traits than others.These populations have a higher

A) carrier frequency.
B) Wexler effect.
C) founder effect.
D) genetic drift.
E) artificial selection.

Question 16

A person heterozygous for the cystic fibrosis allele may be more resistant to contracting

A) typhoid fever.
B) malaria.
C) an HIV infection.
D) Huntington disease.
E) Tay-Sachs.

Question 17

What is a major reason the population studied by Nancy Wexler has such a high frequency of Huntington disease?

A) The population was genetically very diverse.
B) Huntington disease originated in this population.
C) People in the population all ate the same foods.
D) People in the population all shared the same water supply.
E) The population was reproductively isolated.

Question 18

Which of the following persons is virtually certain to develop Huntington disease (HD)?

A) a person who has 27-35 copies of the repeated sequence
B) a person who has 36-40 copies of the repeated sequence
C) a person who has over 40 copies of the repeated sequence
D) a person who has 10-26 copies of the HD gene
E) someone exposed to the infectious bacteria causing Huntington disease

Question 19

Which of the following statements describes the relationship between malaria and sickle cell anemia?

A) People infected with the malaria parasite are more likely to develop sickle cell anemia.
B) The same parasite is responsible for both diseases.
C) There is almost complete overlap in the geographic distributions of the two diseases.
D) People suffering from sickle cell anemia are more likely to contract malaria.
E) There is no overlap between the geographic distributions of the two diseases.

Question 20

The founder effect refers to

A) a population that frequently migrates to other parts of the world.
B) a newly discovered population of organism.
C) a group whose genetic origins can be traced to a small number of people.
D) a group whose genetic origins can be traced to a large number of people.
E) a group whose individuals are often marrying outside of the group.

Question 21

All of the following are uses for the Hardy-Weinberg equation EXCEPT

A) it can be used to measure the frequency in DNA markers used in DNA profiles.
B) it can estimate the frequency of an allele in a population.
C) that knowing the frequency of the alleles, one can calculate the frequency of carriers.
D) it can be used to calculate how common the alleles are in a populations.
E) it provides information on how effective drugs will be for treating certain diseases.

Question 22

In a genetic disorder caused by a recessive allele,scientists cannot directly count those who carry the allele in a population.Why is this the case?

A) There is usually no discernible difference between carriers and non-carriers.
B) Recessive disease alleles are usually lost from the population.
C) The genes are most likely X-linked.
D) The alleles are recessive and therefore are very rare.
E) Environmental factors will mask the disease symptoms.

Question 23

Malaria is transmitted from person to person via

A) mosquitoes.
B) direct contact with an infected individual.
C) food.
D) bacteria.
E) contact with bodily fluids of an infected individual.

Question 24

Both sickle cell anemia and cystic fibrosis are inherited recessively.

Question 25

Pedigrees can be helpful in tracking a condition through a large population.

Question 26

Huntington disease is an example of a genetic condition that is inherited in a dominant fashion.

Question 27

All populations of a species are genetically identical.

Question 28

The Hardy-Weinberg formula allows geneticists to determine the number of individuals with particular genotypes in a population without performing DNA testing on the entire population.

Question 29

Huntington disease is caused by an expanding triplet repeat within the HD gene.

Question 30

Today's dog breeds are the result of

A) natural selection.
B) genetic drift.
C) the founder effect.
D) artificial selection.
E) migration effects.

Question 31

The discovery rule includes

A) genetic testing evidence that must be disclosed to the defendant.
B) close matches in the CODIS DNA database.
C) DNA test results of the prosecuting attorneys.
D) DNA evidence that is only circumstantial.
E) the discovery of DNA evidence from past crimes.

Question 32

Nancy Wexler was awarded a Lasker award for her work on

A) Tay-Sachs.
B) sickle cell anemia.
C) malaria.
D) Huntington disease.
E) breast cancer.

Question 33

The carrier frequency can be estimated mathematically.

Question 34

People infected with malaria experience recurring episodes of illness throughout life,and often die at a young age.

Question 35

Areas with high frequencies of malaria infections usually have high frequencies of sickle cell carriers.

Question 36

The frequency of a trait may vary from population to population.

Question 37

Which of the following has not yet occurred with Huntington disease?

A) The gene has been isolated and identified.
B) The gene has been mapped.
C) Pedigree analysis of the gene has been done.
D) Population genetics analysis has determined the mode of inheritance.
E) A cure has been developed.

Question 38

There is some evidence that people who are homozygous for the gene responsible for cystic fibrosis are more resistant to typhoid fever.

Question 39

People who are heterozygous for the gene responsible for sickle-cell anemia have greater resistance to malaria than the rest of the population.

Question 40

Certain human populations show lower frequencies of carriers of recessive traits than others.

Question 41

MATCHING
Match the associated terms.
a.Used to estimate carrier frequency
b.Lung health problems
c.Percentage of heterozygotes
d.Often provides resistance to some infectious disease
e.Triplet repeats
f.Transmitted by mosquitoes
g.Red blood cells are altered
h.Artificial selection
i.Disclosure of evidence
Hardy-Weinberg equation

Question 42

MATCHING
Match the associated terms.
a.Used to estimate carrier frequency
b.Lung health problems
c.Percentage of heterozygotes
d.Often provides resistance to some infectious disease
e.Triplet repeats
f.Transmitted by mosquitoes
g.Red blood cells are altered
h.Artificial selection
i.Disclosure of evidence
Huntington disease

Question 43

MATCHING
Match the associated terms.
a.Used to estimate carrier frequency
b.Lung health problems
c.Percentage of heterozygotes
d.Often provides resistance to some infectious disease
e.Triplet repeats
f.Transmitted by mosquitoes
g.Red blood cells are altered
h.Artificial selection
i.Disclosure of evidence
Discovery rule

Question 44

What are the ethical concerns for collecting genetic information on an entire population? Should everyone be required to submit a sample,or should it be more selective?

Question 45

What is population genetics? Why do geneticists sometimes study particular populations?

Question 46

MATCHING
Match the associated terms.
a.Used to estimate carrier frequency
b.Lung health problems
c.Percentage of heterozygotes
d.Often provides resistance to some infectious disease
e.Triplet repeats
f.Transmitted by mosquitoes
g.Red blood cells are altered
h.Artificial selection
i.Disclosure of evidence
Malaria

Question 47

MATCHING
Match the associated terms.
a.Used to estimate carrier frequency
b.Lung health problems
c.Percentage of heterozygotes
d.Often provides resistance to some infectious disease
e.Triplet repeats
f.Transmitted by mosquitoes
g.Red blood cells are altered
h.Artificial selection
i.Disclosure of evidence
Sickle Cell

Question 48

How might it be an advantage for a population to have a large number of carriers of a gene that causes a genetic disorder such as sickle cell anemia or cystic fibrosis?

Question 49

Some genetic diseases occur at much higher frequencies in particular populations,especially populations that are geographically isolated.Why does this happen? What is the advantage to studying these isolated groups?

Question 50

MATCHING
Match the associated terms.
a.Used to estimate carrier frequency
b.Lung health problems
c.Percentage of heterozygotes
d.Often provides resistance to some infectious disease
e.Triplet repeats
f.Transmitted by mosquitoes
g.Red blood cells are altered
h.Artificial selection
i.Disclosure of evidence
Cystic fibrosis

Question 51

MATCHING
Match the associated terms.
a.Used to estimate carrier frequency
b.Lung health problems
c.Percentage of heterozygotes
d.Often provides resistance to some infectious disease
e.Triplet repeats
f.Transmitted by mosquitoes
g.Red blood cells are altered
h.Artificial selection
i.Disclosure of evidence
Dog breeds

Question 52

MATCHING
Match the associated terms.
a.Used to estimate carrier frequency
b.Lung health problems
c.Percentage of heterozygotes
d.Often provides resistance to some infectious disease
e.Triplet repeats
f.Transmitted by mosquitoes
g.Red blood cells are altered
h.Artificial selection
i.Disclosure of evidence
Heterozygote advantage

Question 53

MATCHING
Match the associated terms.
a.Used to estimate carrier frequency
b.Lung health problems
c.Percentage of heterozygotes
d.Often provides resistance to some infectious disease
e.Triplet repeats
f.Transmitted by mosquitoes
g.Red blood cells are altered
h.Artificial selection
i.Disclosure of evidence
Carrier frequency