Deck 17: A Different World: The Past, Present, and Future of Human Genetics

Question 1

Two whippets who are both heterozygous for the mutant myostatin gene are bred.What is the likelihood that their puppies will inherit both recessive copies and develop the over-muscled phenotype?

A) 33%
B) 50%
C) 25%
D) 0%
E) 100%

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Non-invasive prenatal testing for Down syndrome has recently been accomplished using

A) fetal cell analysis in the mother's blood.
B) amniocentesis.
C) saliva samples from the mother.
D) chorionic villus sampling.
E) free fetal DNA analysis.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In the early part of the 20ᵗʰ century,the U.S.Eugenics Office ran contests to pick families with the "best genetics".What was the basis for this program?

A) forced sterilization
B) negative eugenics
C) national security
D) positive eugenics
E) Nazi doctrine

Answer 3

D

Question 4

To clone an organism using reproductive cloning,a body cell from the individual being cloned is first

A) removed from the "parent" organism, and its diploid nucleus is transferred to an egg cell that has had its nucleus removed.
B) stimulated to undergo cell division.
C) transferred to the uterus of a surrogate mother.
D) transferred into the "parent" organism.
E) removed from the "parent" organism, stimulated to undergo cell division, and then returned to the original organism

Question 5

How many copies of the mutant myostatin gene is/are necessary for the whippets to develop into a "bully" whippet?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 0

Question 6

Two fast whippets are bred.What is the likelihood that their puppies will also be fast?

A) 33%
B) 50%
C) 25%
D) 0%
E) 100%

Question 7

If a woman tests positive for the mutant alleles of the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes,all of the following might be reasonable options EXCEPT

A) increased frequency of screening.
B) subcutaneous mastectomy.
C) taking the drug tamoxifen before tumors appear.
D) continued monitoring with mammograms.
E) continued testing for the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes.

Question 8

A mutation in the ____ gene results in increased muscle mass of whippet dogs.

A) BRCA1
B) CACNA1D
C) Down syndrome
D) BRCA2
E) myostatin

Question 9

The procedure that removes all of a woman's breast tissue is called

A) BRACAnalysis®.
B) cutaneous mastectomy.
C) nuclear transfer.
D) subcutaneous mastectomy.
E) mammography.

Question 10

The term "double muscling" refers to

A) mutations in the myostatin gene that lead to increased muscle mass in cattle.
B) mutations in the CACNA1D gene involved in heart function that lead to increased muscle mass in mice.
C) mutations in the gene for growth hormone that lead to increased muscle mass in dogs.
D) mutations in a gene that lead to decreased muscle mass in cattle.
E) all of these.

Question 11

In dogs,"bully" whippets have double the normal amount of muscle mass.The gene for the mutant myostatin allele responsible exhibits ____ inheritance.

A) autosomal recessive
B) autosomal dominant
C) multifactorial
D) random
E) X-linked recessive

Question 12

All of the following have been cloned EXCEPT

A) monkeys.
B) cows.
C) cats.
D) dogs.
E) humans.

Question 13

All of the following accurately describe knockout mice EXCEPT

A) knockout mice have been used to study the genetics of human deafness.
B) knockout mice serve as models of various human disorders.
C) knockout mice have been valuable tools in learning about the functions of genes.
D) their development required the ability to isolate mouse embryonic stem cells.
E) all of the mouse genes have been knocked out in various mouse strains.

Question 14

In the U.S.,the ____ movement began by applying Darwin and Wallace's theory of natural selection to humans.

A) selective breeding
B) national security
C) natural selection
D) evolutionary
E) eugenics

Question 15

In 2007,the Nobel Prize in medicine was awarded to three scientists for their development of

A) the knockout mouse.
B) nuclear transfer.
C) reproductive cloning.
D) the artificial uterus.
E) non-invasive prenatal testing for Down syndrome.

Question 16

Positive eugenics refers to

A) the U.S. Eugenics Office warning the public about using drugs.
B) selective breeding of livestock animals.
C) a social movement that identified desirable human traits.
D) an academic discipline in many colleges and universities.
E) genetic engineering of humans using recombinant DNA technology.

Question 17

Two fast whippets are bred.What is the likelihood that their puppies will "bully"?

A) 33%
B) 50%
C) 25%
D) 0%
E) 100%

Question 18

The steps in ____ involve removing the nucleus from an unfertilized egg and injecting the nucleus from a different donor cell.

A) nuclear transfer
B) prenatal genetic testing
C) prenatal testing
D) adult genetic testing
E) developing an artificial uterus

Question 19

In Buck v.Bell,what did the U.S.Supreme court decide?

A) Genetics could not be used to justify the selective sterilization of women.
B) The court held that eugenics should be outlawed.
C) The court held that genetics does not determine behavior.
D) The court upheld the Virginia state law allowing the sterilization of promiscuous women.
E) The court overturned the state law of Virginia allowing the sterilization of women.

Question 20

What is thought to be the primary problem with an older woman's eggs?

A) the chromosomes
B) the proteins
C) the cytoplasm
D) the uterus
E) specific genes

Question 21

Dogs were cloned before cats.

Question 22

In a knockout mouse,specific genes are inactivated to determine the gene's function.

Question 23

The first dog was cloned by a Korean researcher.

Question 24

Genetics was used as an argument to justify the killing of Jews by the Nazis.

Question 25

Presently,the analysis of fetal cells extracted from the mother's blood to test for Down syndrome is very accurate,with almost 0% false positive results.

Question 26

Two whippets who are each homozygous for the normal myostatin gene can produce overmuscled "bully" offspring.

Question 27

Knockout mice have been useful in modeling different kinds of cancer,diabetes,and cardiovascular disease.

Question 28

MATCHING
Match the associated terms. Choices may be used more than once.
a.Animal model for deafness
b.Breast cancer genes
c.Fitter family contests
d.Anti-cancer drug
e.Cloned dog
f.Mutant myostatin gene
g.Forced sterilization
h.Removal of breast tissue
i.Nuclear transfer
Tamoxifen

Question 29

MATCHING
Match the associated terms. Choices may be used more than once.
a.Animal model for deafness
b.Breast cancer genes
c.Fitter family contests
d.Anti-cancer drug
e.Cloned dog
f.Mutant myostatin gene
g.Forced sterilization
h.Removal of breast tissue
i.Nuclear transfer
Negative eugenics

Question 30

MATCHING
Match the associated terms. Choices may be used more than once.
a.Animal model for deafness
b.Breast cancer genes
c.Fitter family contests
d.Anti-cancer drug
e.Cloned dog
f.Mutant myostatin gene
g.Forced sterilization
h.Removal of breast tissue
i.Nuclear transfer
Mastectomy

Question 31

Knocking out the activity of a gene in mice provides information about whether that gene is also present in humans.

Question 32

MATCHING
Match the associated terms. Choices may be used more than once.
a.Animal model for deafness
b.Breast cancer genes
c.Fitter family contests
d.Anti-cancer drug
e.Cloned dog
f.Mutant myostatin gene
g.Forced sterilization
h.Removal of breast tissue
i.Nuclear transfer
BRCAnalysis®

Question 33

MATCHING
Match the associated terms. Choices may be used more than once.
a.Animal model for deafness
b.Breast cancer genes
c.Fitter family contests
d.Anti-cancer drug
e.Cloned dog
f.Mutant myostatin gene
g.Forced sterilization
h.Removal of breast tissue
i.Nuclear transfer
Positive eugenics

Question 34

Animals have been cloned using a technique called nuclear transfer.

Question 35

The U.S.Supreme Court eventually decided that Carrie Buck should not be sterilized because she was not "feeble-minded"

Question 36

MATCHING
Match the associated terms. Choices may be used more than once.
a.Animal model for deafness
b.Breast cancer genes
c.Fitter family contests
d.Anti-cancer drug
e.Cloned dog
f.Mutant myostatin gene
g.Forced sterilization
h.Removal of breast tissue
i.Nuclear transfer
Snuppy

Question 37

MATCHING
Match the associated terms. Choices may be used more than once.
a.Animal model for deafness
b.Breast cancer genes
c.Fitter family contests
d.Anti-cancer drug
e.Cloned dog
f.Mutant myostatin gene
g.Forced sterilization
h.Removal of breast tissue
i.Nuclear transfer
Fast whippet

Question 38

MATCHING
Match the associated terms. Choices may be used more than once.
a.Animal model for deafness
b.Breast cancer genes
c.Fitter family contests
d.Anti-cancer drug
e.Cloned dog
f.Mutant myostatin gene
g.Forced sterilization
h.Removal of breast tissue
i.Nuclear transfer
Knockout mouse

Question 39

It has been determined that the main problem with older eggs is that sperm have a hard time penetrating the egg coat.

Question 40

A genetic test for breast cancer genes can be purchased in drug stores.

Question 41

Discuss how vaccinations work.

Question 42

Discuss the eugenics movement in the United States.What was the basis for this movement? How did this movement influence Nazi Germany?

Question 43

Compare and contrast positive and negative eugenics.

Question 44

What roles do T helper cells and B cells play in our immune response?

Question 45

MATCHING
Match the associated terms. Choices may be used more than once.
a.Animal model for deafness
b.Breast cancer genes
c.Fitter family contests
d.Anti-cancer drug
e.Cloned dog
f.Mutant myostatin gene
g.Forced sterilization
h.Removal of breast tissue
i.Nuclear transfer
Dolly

Question 46

Briefly explain how HIV drugs work.What is the usual approach to the use of HIV drugs for an HIV infected patient?

Question 47

What concerns are there about the use of mail-order genetic tests?

Question 48

Discuss the importance of the HLA complex genes in successful organ transplants.

Question 49

What blood type is considered to be the universal donor? Which is the universal recipient? What do these terms mean?

Question 50

Describe the problems that arise from (a)maternal Rh incompatibility and (b)ABO blood type incompatibility?

Question 51

MATCHING
Match the associated terms. Choices may be used more than once.
a.Animal model for deafness
b.Breast cancer genes
c.Fitter family contests
d.Anti-cancer drug
e.Cloned dog
f.Mutant myostatin gene
g.Forced sterilization
h.Removal of breast tissue
i.Nuclear transfer
Double muscling

Question 52

One concern related to the array of information on human genetic conditions and the development of genetic manipulation technologies is that this could result in genetic enhancement of our species.Is it wrong to want your child to be even better prepared to deal with the challenges of society? Who should determine what type of enhancement should be allowed?

Question 53

What is an antigen? What is an antibody? Identify the role of each substance in the immune response.

Question 54

List possible options for a woman who has a family history of breast cancer and tests positive for a mutant allele of the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene.

Question 55

What are some possible reasons for the increasing numbers of children and adults with peanut allergies?

Question 56

In terms of blood type,what are the blood types of the offspring that can potentially be produced by a mother who has blood type A and a father who has blood type B? Provide appropriate Punnett squares to illustrate your conclusions.