Deck 4: How Genes Are Transmitted From Generation to Generation

Question 1

Which of the following is an example of an X-linked recessive genetic trait?

A) porphyria
B) familial hypercholesterolemia
C) Marfan syndrome
D) red-green colorblindness
E) achondroplasia

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is true about the genetic disease cystic fibrosis (CF)?

A) CF demonstrates autosomal recessive inheritance.
B) CF increases the risk of skin cancer.
C) CF patients produce abnormal blood cells.
D) CF causes excessive accumulation of phenylalanine in the blood.
E) CF causes improper metabolism in nerve cells.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What is the distinctive pattern of inheritance found for X-linked recessive traits?

A) Only males are affected.
B) Affected males have an affected father.
C) Hemizygous males and homozygous females are affected.
D) Only females are affected.
E) Affected individuals will always have an affected parent and an unaffected parent.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is true about the genetic disease familial hypercholesterolemia (FH)?

A) FH is a condition characterized by very high levels of cholesterol in the blood.
B) FH is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.
C) FH is a form of dwarfism.
D) FH results from the accumulation of a protein called huntingtin.
E) FH is inherited as a X-linked recessive trait.

Question 5

Mendel's law of independent assortment states that

A) homologous chromosomes are independent and don't pair up.
B) genes do not sort independently during meiosis.
C) each pair of alleles segregates independently of other pairs of alleles during meiosis.
D) gametes will only contain combinations of genes that match the combinations from one of the parents.
E) gametes will contain only one copy of each gene after meiosis.

Question 6

Genetic counselors typically construct pedigrees

A) whenever a baby is born with a genetic birth defect.
B) to use evidence in criminal trials.
C) when an individual requests genetic counseling.
D) only for families with members who have cystic fibrosis.
E) for every individual they counsel.

Question 7

A phenotype is

A) the physical appearance of an organism.
B) the genetic make-up of an organism.
C) determined by the presence or absence of recessive alleles.
D) a genetic disorder.
E) a dominant allele.

Question 8

A trait

A) is a characteristic that a parent passes onto his/her offspring.
B) cannot be passed from mother to daughter.
C) only comes in one form.
D) is only expressed when the individual is homozygous.
E) is only expressed when the individual is heterozygous.

Question 9

Huntington disease (HD)

A) is never lethal.
B) is inherited in a dominant manner.
C) affects people between the ages of 10 and 20 years.
D) is not inherited.
E) involves a very rapid progression of the disease.

Question 10

A recessive allele is

A) an allele that expresses its phenotypic effect even when it is present with a dominant allele.
B) an allele whose presence can be hidden.
C) only present in males.
D) only present in females.
E) always present in homozygous individuals.

Question 11

Mendel's law of segregation states that

A) the two copies of a gene separate from each other during meiosis.
B) members of a gene pair segregate into gametes independently of other gene pairs.
C) genes pair with each other.
D) two copies of each gene will wind up in each gamete.
E) meiosis produces gametes.

Question 12

A genotype is

A) the genetic make-up of an organism.
B) how an organism appears physically.
C) based on the interaction of recessive alleles only.
D) caused by genetic mutation.
E) a genetic disorder.

Question 13

Which of the following properties is characteristic of an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance?

A) Every affected individual will have at least one affected parent.
B) More males than females will be affected.
C) Male and female children are affected in roughly equal numbers.
D) More females than males will be affected.
E) Individuals who inherit one copy of the disease allele will be affected.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of an autosomal recessive genetic disorder?

A) hemophilia A
B) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
C) Marfan syndrome
D) brachydactyly
E) cystic fibrosis (CF)

Question 15

Sickle-cell is

A) found commonly in people whose ancestors originate from parts of North America.
B) inherited as a dominant disorder.
C) caused by abnormal hemoglobin molecules.
D) not associated with any known health problems.
E) more common in males than females.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of an autosomal dominant genetic disorder?

A) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
B) Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
C) hemophilia A
D) porphyria
E) sickle-cell anemia

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true concerning a homozygote?

A) Both alleles for a trait are the same in this individual.
B) There is only one copy of a gene for a particular trait.
C) Males are more likely to be homozygous than females.
D) Two different alleles for a trait are present in a homozygote.
E) Homozygotes and heterozygotes will always show the same phenotype.

Question 18

A dominant allele is

A) an allele that expresses its phenotypic effect even when it is present with a recessive allele.
B) an allele whose presence can be hidden.
C) only present in males.
D) only present in females.
E) always present in homozygous individuals.

Question 19

Huntington disease is caused by

A) the absence of a gene.
B) a gene found on the X chromosome.
C) two copies of a recessive allele.
D) the accumulation of a defective protein.
E) several defective genes.

Question 20

Which is of the following statements is true about sex-linked traits?

A) Females are hemizygous for any gene on the Y chromosome.
B) X-linked recessive genes are always expressed when present in females.
C) In general, females are affected by X-linked recessive disorders far more frequently than males.
D) Fathers do not donate their X chromosome to their sons.
E) If the mother is heterozygous for an X-linked recessive allele, all of her sons will be affected.

Question 21

In X-linked disorders,daughters of affected males are

A) usually carriers.
B) always homozygous.
C) mutant.
D) always affected.
E) aneuploid

Question 22

Which of the following is true about hemophilia A?

A) Today recombinant DNA technology is used to make clotting factors free from contamination of viruses to treat hemophilia patients.
B) Hemophilia A is less common than hemophilia B.
C) More females have hemophilia A than males.
D) Hemophilia A is associated with a lack of clotting-factor X.
E) Hemophilia A leads to muscle wasting.

Question 23

Very few females have hemophilia A.

Question 24

The most serious form of muscular dystrophy is Becker muscular dystrophy.

Question 25

Which of the following is true about the genetic disease Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)?

A) DMD affects females at a higher frequency than males.
B) DMD is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.
C) DMD results from a gene located on the Y chromosome.
D) DMD is inherited as a sex-linked trait.
E) There are three forms of X-linked muscular dystrophy.

Question 26

If the proband is adopted,pedigrees of the adoptive parents are of little value.

Question 27

In hemophilia A,clotting factor ____ is either absent or present in reduced amounts.

A) V
B) VI
C) VIII
D) IV
E) X

Question 28

Which of the following is true about Huntington disease?

A) Symptoms typically appear between the ages of 10 and 20 years.
B) Individuals have a 25% chance of inheriting the condition from an affected parent.
C) Many individuals have already had children before developing the disorder.
D) Most affected individuals are homozygous for the gene (HH).
E) Once symptoms appear, the disease progresses very rapidly.

Question 29

Today,clotting factor VIII used to treat people with hemophilia A is made using recombinant DNA technology.

Question 30

What is usually true about autosomal recessive disorders?

A) Affected parents have unaffected children.
B) Unaffected parents can have affected children.
C) Autosomal recessive disorders are always the result of matings between individuals who are related to each other.
D) All relatives of affected parents will always have affected children.
E) None of these statements are true.

Question 31

Adult-onset disorders occur shortly after birth.

Question 32

In the case of autosomal recessive traits,male and female children are affected in roughly equal numbers.

Question 33

In the case of dominant disorders,a heterozygote who carries one copy of a mutant dominant allele has the condition.

Question 34

In neurofibromatosis,a(n)____ gene produces many different types of phenotypes.

A) mutant
B) normal
C) recessive
D) X-linked
E) Y-linked

Question 35

In the case of autosomal recessive traits,unaffected parents can have affected children.

Question 36

Which type of genetic condition is much more common in males than females?

A) X-linked recessive
B) dominant autosomal
C) recessive autosomal
D) mutations
E) aneuploidy

Question 37

Mitochondrial disorders

A) are due to inheriting defective mitochondria from both parents.
B) are passed from father to all of his children.
C) often affect the muscular system.
D) are X-linked traits.
E) are due to mutant autosomal genes.

Question 38

Hemophilia A is a(n)____ disorder.

A) X-linked recessive
B) autosomal dominant
C) autosomal recessive
D) X-linked dominant
E) non-genetic

Question 39

Males donate their ____ chromosome to their daughters and their ____ chromosome to their sons.

A) X, X
B) X, Y
C) X, O
D) O, O
E) Y, Y

Question 40

The Y chromosome has the same genes as found on the X chromosome.

Question 41

MATCHING
Match the description to the disorder.
a.Production of thick mucus
b.Inability to form a clotting factor
c.Results in muscle wasting
d.Deformed red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be replaced
e.Tumors can cause paralysis or blindness
f.Destruction of cells in parts of the brain
g.Lack of pigmentation
Hemophilia A

Question 42

Match the type of inheritance to the description.
a.autosomal recessive only
b.autosomal dominant only
c.X-linked recessive only
d.autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant only
e.None of the above.
More males than females are affected.

Question 43

MATCHING
Match the description to the disorder.
a.Production of thick mucus
b.Inability to form a clotting factor
c.Results in muscle wasting
d.Deformed red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be replaced
e.Tumors can cause paralysis or blindness
f.Destruction of cells in parts of the brain
g.Lack of pigmentation
Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Question 44

MATCHING
Match the description to the disorder.
a.Production of thick mucus
b.Inability to form a clotting factor
c.Results in muscle wasting
d.Deformed red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be replaced
e.Tumors can cause paralysis or blindness
f.Destruction of cells in parts of the brain
g.Lack of pigmentation
Sickle cell anemia

Question 45

Match the type of inheritance to the disorder.
a.autosomal recessive
b.autosomal dominant
c.X-linked recessive
Neurofibromatosis

Question 46

MATCHING
Match the description to the disorder.
a.Production of thick mucus
b.Inability to form a clotting factor
c.Results in muscle wasting
d.Deformed red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be replaced
e.Tumors can cause paralysis or blindness
f.Destruction of cells in parts of the brain
g.Lack of pigmentation
Cystic fibrosis

Question 47

Match the type of inheritance to the description.
a.autosomal recessive only
b.autosomal dominant only
c.X-linked recessive only
d.autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant only
e.None of the above.
Equal frequency of males and females affected.

Question 48

Match the type of inheritance to the disorder.
a.autosomal recessive
b.autosomal dominant
c.X-linked recessive
Cystic fibrosis

Question 49

MATCHING
Match the description to the disorder.
a.Production of thick mucus
b.Inability to form a clotting factor
c.Results in muscle wasting
d.Deformed red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be replaced
e.Tumors can cause paralysis or blindness
f.Destruction of cells in parts of the brain
g.Lack of pigmentation
Albinism

Question 50

Match the type of inheritance to the disorder.
a.autosomal recessive
b.autosomal dominant
c.X-linked recessive
Albinism

Question 51

Match the type of inheritance to the disorder.
a.autosomal recessive
b.autosomal dominant
c.X-linked recessive
Hemophilia A

Question 52

MATCHING
Match the description to the disorder.
a.Production of thick mucus
b.Inability to form a clotting factor
c.Results in muscle wasting
d.Deformed red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be replaced
e.Tumors can cause paralysis or blindness
f.Destruction of cells in parts of the brain
g.Lack of pigmentation
Neurofibromatosis

Question 53

Match the type of inheritance to the description.
a.autosomal recessive only
b.autosomal dominant only
c.X-linked recessive only
d.autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant only
e.None of the above.
Affected individuals have at least one affected parent.

Question 54

Match the type of inheritance to the disorder.
a.autosomal recessive
b.autosomal dominant
c.X-linked recessive
Red-green colorblindness

Question 55

Match the type of inheritance to the disorder.
a.autosomal recessive
b.autosomal dominant
c.X-linked recessive
Sickle cell anemia

Question 56

Match the type of inheritance to the disorder.
a.autosomal recessive
b.autosomal dominant
c.X-linked recessive
Huntington disease

Question 57

MATCHING
Match the description to the disorder.
a.Production of thick mucus
b.Inability to form a clotting factor
c.Results in muscle wasting
d.Deformed red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be replaced
e.Tumors can cause paralysis or blindness
f.Destruction of cells in parts of the brain
g.Lack of pigmentation
Huntington disease

Question 58

Match the type of inheritance to the description.
a.autosomal recessive only
b.autosomal dominant only
c.X-linked recessive only
d.autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant only
e.None of the above.
More females than males are affected.

Question 59

In the case of autosomal transmitted diseases,the numbers of affected males and females are roughly equal.

Question 60

Match the type of inheritance to the disorder.
a.autosomal recessive
b.autosomal dominant
c.X-linked recessive
Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Question 61

Why might an insurance company or possible employer want access to an individual's genetic information? Do you feel that there are good reasons for an insurance company or employer to have access? What safeguards are in place to prevent this access?

Question 62

If an individual has Huntington disease (autosomal dominant condition)and is heterozygous,what is the probability that an offspring will receive this detrimental allele?

Question 63

Match the type of inheritance to the description.
a.autosomal recessive only
b.autosomal dominant only
c.X-linked recessive only
d.autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant only
e.None of the above.
Heterozygous individuals show the trait.

Question 64

Achondroplasia is one form of dwarfism that is associated with abnormalities in growth.It is inherited as a dominant trait.Consider a couple,both of whom are dwarfs due to achondroplasia.Both are heterozygous.In fact,embryos that inherit two copies of the achondroplasia allele do not develop properly and are spontaneously aborted.With this in mind,what are the chances that they will have a child that does not suffer from achondroplasia? There have been cases where couples in these circumstances have chosen to use assisted reproductive technologies to ensure that their children also have achondroplasia.Do you feel that this is a proper use of assisted reproductive technologies? Explain your answer.

Question 65

Two individuals,each exhibiting albinism (autosomal recessive condition),are expecting a child.What is the probability that they will have a child with albinism?

Question 66

Why do males show a higher incidence of certain genetic disorders than females?

Question 67

If a male has an X-linked recessive condition such as red-green colorblindness,is it possible for him to pass this condition on to his sons? to his daughters? Explain your answers.

Question 68

Match the type of inheritance to the description.
a.autosomal recessive only
b.autosomal dominant only
c.X-linked recessive only
d.autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant only
e.None of the above.
Heterozygous individuals do not show the trait.

Question 69

Match the type of inheritance to the description.
a.autosomal recessive only
b.autosomal dominant only
c.X-linked recessive only
d.autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant only
e.None of the above.
Affected individuals may have two unaffected parents.