Deck 12: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

The National Institute of Mental Health estimates that approximately ________ of the U.S. population suffers from diagnosable mental health problems.

A) 5%
B) 20%
C) 26%
D) 35%
E) 45%

Answer 1

26%

Question 2

The television talks to Heidi. It tells her the police are out to get her. Because Heidi has schizophrenia, she is mostly experiencing a(n)

A) delusion.
B) flat affect.
C) evolution.
D) hallucination.
E) illusion.

Answer 2

hallucination.

Question 3

Ellie is a graduate student in psychology at the local university. She is interested in one day specializing in the study of abnormal behavior. What area of psychology should she focus on in school?

A) health psychology
B) psychopathology
C) psychobiology
D) developmental psychology
E) school psychology

Answer 3

psychopathology

Question 4

Which of the following was not one of the four humors studied by Hippocrates?

A) blood
B) phlegm
C) pus
D) yellow bile
E) black bile

Question 5

A person who hears nonexistent voices is experiencing

A) obsessions.
B) hallucinations.
C) compulsions.
D) delusions.
E) sensory residuals.

Question 6

False sensory perceptions that often take the form of hearing voices are called

A) delusions.
B) hallucinations.
C) obsessions.
D) compulsions.
E) avolitions.

Question 7

Hallucinations are to delusions as false perception is to ________.

A) false beliefs
B) intense fear
C) mood
D) repeated odd behaviors
E) intrusive thoughts

Question 8

Which of the following was one of the four humors studied by Hippocrates?

A) urine
B) saliva
C) pus
D) yellow bile
E) feces

Question 9

Hippocrates maintained that mental illness was

A) caused by supernatural forces.
B) only in the mind of the beholder.
C) curable through exorcism.
D) caused by imbalances of vital body fluids.
E) caused by irrational thought patterns and automatic beliefs.

Question 10

Delusions are

A) emotions that fluctuate wildly.
B) emotions that are flattened.
C) false or irrational beliefs.
D) false or imagined sensory perceptions.
E) ritualistic behaviors.

Question 11

The experience of delusions or hallucinations in a person is a strong indicator of

A) personal distress.
B) psychodynamics.
C) physical illness.
D) psychopathology.
E) depression.

Question 12

The Greek physician ________ declared that abnormal behavior had physical causes.

A) Aristotle
B) Hippocrates
C) Plato
D) Linnaeus
E) Galen

Question 13

You are a contestant on Jeopardy! and it is your turn. You say to Alex, "I'll take Ancient Explanations of Mental Illness for $100." The answer is, "His was the first recorded attempt to explain abnormal behavior as due to some physical causes." The smile on your face reveals the confidence you have as you say

A) "Who is Sigmund Freud?"
B) "Who is Hippocrates?"
C) "Who is Carl Rogers?"
D) "Who is John Watson?"
E) "Who is Wilhelm Wundt?"

Question 14

The branch of psychology that is concerned with the study of abnormal behavior would be focused on

A) health psychology.
B) psychopathology.
C) psychobiology.
D) developmental psychology.
E) social psychology.

Question 15

The psychological view sees mental disorders as an interaction of biological, behavioral, cognitive, __________, and __________ factors.

A) social; psychological
B) developmental; social-cultural
C) social; societal
D) societal; genetic
E) genetic; societal

Question 16

Gigi, who has schizophrenia, believes that she was sent by God to one day rule the world. Her belief is an example of a(n)

A) phobia.
B) delusion.
C) alogia.
D) hallucination.
E) clang association.

Question 17

Rosenhan's study on mental hospitals alerts us to

A) the challenge of getting admitted into an overcrowded psychiatric facility.
B) how difficult it is for patients with psychological problems to spot fakers.
C) how difficult it is to overcome schizophrenia and depression.
D) how rapidly mental health professionals can successfully treat psychiatric problems.
E) how labeling can affect perceptions of normal or abnormal behavior.

Question 18

In Rosenhan's study, some of the individuals who went into hospitals

A) were released home in about three days.
B) were labeled as "normal" while in the hospital.
C) interacted with hospital staff for many hours per day.
D) were ignored by the hospital staff.
E) B and C are

Question 19

False beliefs held by a person who refuses to accept evidence of their falseness are known as

A) delusions.
B) hallucinations.
C) obsessions.
D) compulsions.
E) ruminations.

Question 20

Nick is admitted to a mental institution because he hears voices talking to him that no one else can hear, and he sees demons attacking him, though no one else could see anything near him. Nick's symptoms are known as

A) delusions.
B) hallucinations.
C) obsessions.
D) compulsions.
E) syllogisms.

Question 21

The view that mental disorders are diseases of the mine that have objective causes and require specific treatment is known as the

A) clinical model.
B) diathesis view.
C) medical model of mental disorder.
D) psychodynamic model.
E) psychotrauma model.

Question 22

Joanna is experiencing severe anxiety. Her psychiatrist attributes her disorder to a chemical imbalance. Her psychiatrist is using the ___________ of abnormality.

A) psychoanalytic model
B) intrapersonal model
C) biological psychology model
D) behavioral model
E) systems

Question 23

During the latter part of the18th century, the mentally ill were typically treated

A) in asylums for the insane.
B) with a fungus that grows on grains of rye.
C) with primitive medicines related to alcohol.
D) according to the principles of the psychodynamic approach.
E) by torture and execution.

Question 24

Phoebe locks herself in her bedroom and refuses to see her family or go to work. Phoebe is displaying the ________ indicator of abnormality.

A) unconventionality
B) irrationality
C) maladaptiveness
D) observer discomfort
E) unpredictability

Question 25

Linda is afraid of cats because when she was a little girl a cat scared her by jumping out of her closet and onto her face. As a result of this experience, Linda learned to be afraid of cats. Which model of abnormality offers the best explanation of Linda's fear?

A) cognitive
B) behavioral
C) sociocultural
D) psychoanalytic
E) Bandura

Question 26

Which model of abnormality explains abnormal behavior as the result of a set of learned responses?

A) psychoanalytic
B) cognitive
C) behavioral
D) biological
E) humanistic

Question 27

Which of the following is one of the bodily fluids that ancient Greeks linked to abnormal behaviors?

A) ear wax
B) urine
C) black bile
D) saliva
E) sputum

Question 28

The etiology of a mental disorder is another term for its

A) symptoms.
B) prevention.
C) cure.
D) prevalence.
E) cause.

Question 29

An example of ________ is when an adult claims to have an imaginary companion who tells him what to do.

A) unpredictability
B) maladaptiveness
C) observer discomfort
D) irrationality
E) distress

Question 30

A serious criticism of the ________ model is that the patient becomes a passive recipient of treatment.

A) naturalistic
B) humor
C) medical
D) psychodynamic
E) homeostatic

Question 31

During the Middle Ages, authorities involved in the Inquisition viewed mental illness as due to

A) genetics.
B) an imbalance of humors.
C) brain structure abnormality.
D) unconscious conflicts.
E) the Devil.

Question 32

Shannon is seeking psychological help to get over an extreme fear of dogs. Someone who believes in the ________ approach is most likely to believe that Shannon fears dogs today as a result of being attacked by a pit bull when she was a teenager.

A) behavioral
B) psychodynamic
C) cognitive
D) biological
E) social learning

Question 33

A behavioral therapist is working with a depressed client. Which of the following causes is the most likely focus of this therapist's intervention?

A) learned behaviors of depression
B) unusual levels of neurotransmitters
C) negative interpretations of life events
D) a superego that is too harsh and strict
E) hiding from one's own feelings and experiences

Question 34

The cognitive perspective views ________ as key factors in mental disorder.

A) how we perceive, feel, think, and remember
B) our unconscious influences
C) our search for self-actualization
D) chemical imbalances
E) learning

Question 35

The young girls who were accused of witchcraft during the Salem trials were most likely

A) suffering from the same schizophrenic reaction as did Joan of Arc.
B) looking for attention.
C) suffering from a bile imbalance.
D) suffering from a fungal poisoning.
E) repeatedly abused by their parents.

Question 36

A person who experiences severe bouts of anxiety would be described as displaying

A) unpredictability.
B) distress.
C) psychosis.
D) unconventionality.
E) maladaptiveness.

Question 37

The ______ model of mental illness explains that disorders such as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia are caused by chemical imbalances, genetic problems, brain damage or dysfunction, or some combination of those causes.

A) biological psychology
B) psychodynamic
C) naturalistic
D) cognitive-behavioral
E) humanistic

Question 38

The ________ approach to psychological disorders focuses on cognitive, behavioral, developmental, and social-cultural factors, and also abnormalities in the brain and nervous system

A) behavioral
B) biopsychology
C) psychodynamic
D) cognitive
E) bioanalytic

Question 39

Physicians trained in the medical model of mental disorder are most likely to treat their patients by

A) teaching about stress reduction.
B) probing their unconscious.
C) asking about patients' self-esteem.
D) exploring the patients' childhood.
E) prescribing medications.

Question 40

Psychological models of mental illness emphasize the contribution of

A) historical, sexual, and physical factors.
B) fear, anxiety, and stress.
C) cognitive, behavioral, social learning, developmental, and biological factors.
D) the family, the individual, and society.
E) the unconscious, our senses, and our pre-existing beliefs.

Question 41

________ is a legal term, not a psychiatric or psychological term.

A) Insanity
B) Psychopathology
C) Associative disorder
D) General adaptation syndrome
E) Split personality

Question 42

At most, the insanity plea is attempted in _____ percent of all criminal court cases.

A) over 75
B) 50
C) around 25
D) 15
E) less than 1

Question 43

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th Ed.) is organized by mental and behavioral

A) causes.
B) situations.
C) ideas.
D) symptoms.
E) treatments.

Question 44

_______is used to help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders.

A) The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
B) The Physician's Desk Reference (PDR)
C) The Textbook of Psychological Disorders (TPD)
D) The Textbook of Physiological Disorders (TPD)
E) The International Pathology Reference Index (IPRI)

Question 45

Which of the following is true of psychopathology?

A) Once established, psychopathology always goes away.
B) Symptoms of abnormality are usually quite intense.
C) Psychological disorders often involve exaggerations of normal functions.
D) Symptoms of abnormality are easy to spot.
E) Medical students rarely think about their own health as they study.

Question 46

Which of the following is an example of distress?

A) hearing voices that no one else can hear
B) worrying about everything most of the time
C) feeling that one is better than everyone else
D) deciding that rules are for suckers and that you don't have to obey them as long as you don't get caught.
E) engaging in dangerous behavior

Question 47

________ has been referred to as the "common cold" of psychological problems.

A) Manic depression
B) Major depression
C) A personality disorder
D) An eating disorder
E) Alcohol abuse

Question 48

Maria is a retired factory worker who lives with anxiety. Due to the fear of having anxiety attacks, she does not leave her house. This makes her feel trapped in her home, which creates distress. Which criterion would be most appropriate in deciding whether Maria's case represents an example of abnormality?

A) statistical rarity
B) distress
C) unpredictability
D) unconventionality
E) undesirability

Question 49

Which of the following is one definition of abnormal behavior?

A) behavior that is rare
B) behavior that is consistent with the norms of society
C) behavior that does not create distress
D) behavior that is adaptive
E) behavior that poses a small risk of harm or danger

Question 50

Dave, a graduate student, has difficulty talking to groups. Unfortunately, he has chosen a career in which he must speak to large groups of people. The night before a presentation he tosses and turns, and the resulting lack of sleep makes the situation worse. When he makes a presentation, he often becomes confused and stumbles over his words. As a result, he feels worthless and miserable. Which two criteria of abnormal behavior are most useful in analyzing this case?

A) inability to function normally and statistical rarity
B) distress and maladaptiveness
C) statistical rarity and deviance from social norms
D) deviance from social norms and distress
E) distress and unpredictability

Question 51

It is has been estimated that there are ________ varieties of psychopathology.

A) at least 150
B) more than 300
C) thirty main
D) approximately 1000
E) about 750

Question 52

As part of a fraternity initiation ritual, Saul is instructed to interrupt a school basketball game by running on the court naked while singing the nursery rhyme "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star." If Sam complies with this ritual, his behavior would best illustrate

A) psychosis
B) distress
C) disability
D) unconventionality
E) neurosis

Question 53

Dr. Nwoambi is a psychologist who is currently evaluating a new client. Dr. Nwoambi would most likely refer to the _________ to assist her in diagnosing her client's psychological disorder.

A) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
B) Physician's Desk Reference (PDR)
C) Textbook of Psychological Disorders (TPD)
D) Textbook of Physiological Disorders (TPD)
E) The International Pathology Reference Index (IPRI)

Question 54

Which of the following is true of the DSM-5?

A) It uses the language of medicine.
B) It contains no diagnosis of "normal."
C) It provides descriptions of syndromes, symptoms, diagnoses, and diseases.
D) It acknowledges that mental disorders can change over the life span.
E) All of the above are

Question 55

You are a psychologist who is evaluating the behavior of a new client. The client tells you that he does not like to wear clothing and that he walks around nude most of the time. In addition, he tells you that he lives in a society in which clothing is required and nudity is seen as abnormal. Which of the following is NOT a criterion by which you evaluate your client's behavior as abnormal?

A) unconventionality
B) maladaptive
C) distress
D) irrationality
E) undesirability

Question 56

Whenever Greta thinks about her life, she automatically bursts into tears. This example most clearly illustrates the impact of ________ in psychological disorders.

A) distress
B) defensiveness
C) denial
D) disability
E) detraction

Question 57

Disorders characterized by diminished pleasure and a low or depressed mood are known as ________ disorders.

A) conversion
B) somatic symptom
C) depressive
D) dissociative
E) psychotic

Question 58

What is the primary difficulty with applying the criterion of "unconventionality" to define abnormal behavior?

A) Norms are difficult to enumerate.
B) Cultures accept and view all behaviors as normal.
C) Behavior that is considered disordered in one context may be acceptable in another.
D) Norms do not guide behavior except in rare instances.
E) All norms are relative so there is no such thing as abnormality.

Question 59

Nicholas is a man who the local college students all think of as eccentric. Each day he stands on campus, smiling at people as they walk by, and he is known for his ever-present greeting of "Good Luck!" In fact, the students at this campus have come to refer to him as "Good Luck Nick." Nobody knows if he has a home or if he is destitute, but Nicholas never asks for anything. Which of the four criteria of mental illness might Nicholas satisfy?

A) maladaptiveness
B) unconventionality
C) distress
D) undesirability
E) all of the above

Question 60

A person who bathes at least 15 times per day is displaying

A) distress.
B) irrationality.
C) unpredictability.
D) observer discomfort.
E) unconventionality.

Question 61

Major depressive disorder with seasonal pattern seems to be related to

A) low levels of thyroxine.
B) low levels of sunlight.
C) high levels of thyroxine.
D) high levels of sunlight.
E) high levels of dopamine.

Question 62

The tendency for women to ________ accounts for their increased vulnerability to depression.

A) experience monthly changes in biochemistry
B) nutritional distress
C) outlive men
D) ruminate about their problems
E) watch too much national media

Question 63

The key symptom of mania is the presence of

A) unwarranted pessimism.
B) an increased need to sleep.
C) periods of extreme elation.
D) major depressive disorder with seasonal pattern.
E) a loss of contact with reality.

Question 64

A person who suffers from bipolar disorder alternates between periods of

A) anxiety and mania.
B) depression and manic episodes.
C) mania and schizophrenia.
D) depression and schizophrenia .
E) psychosis and neurosis.

Question 65

Which cognitive event is hypothesized as contributing to the development and maintenance of major depression?

A) self-efficacy
B) learned helplessness
C) reciprocal determinism
D) all-or-none thinking
E) an internal locus of control

Question 66

Bipolar disorder used to be known as

A) manic-depressive disorder.
B) clinical depression.
C) catatonic schizophrenia.
D) a dissociative disorder.
E) ADHD.

Question 67

A person suffering with major depressive disorder with seasonal pattern would be expected to be most depressed when

A) it is nighttime.
B) there is a full moon.
C) they travel to the South.
D) their sleep has been interrupted by noise.
E) it is winter.

Question 68

Depression is related to reduced brain activity within the

A) right temporal lobe.
B) right parietal lobe.
C) right occipital lobe.
D) left temporal lobe.
E) left frontal lobe.

Question 69

Which neurotransmitters are most important in the development of depressive disorders?

A) GABA, endorphins, and serotonin
B) acetylcholine, serotonin, and GABA
C) dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine
D) norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and serotonin
E) glutamate, adrenaline, and MDMA

Question 70

Which neurotransmitter is implicated in the development of depressive disorders?

A) serotonin
B) endorphins
C) peptides
D) acetylcholine
E) somatostatin

Question 71

__________is a depressive disorder that is caused by the body's reaction to low levels of light present in the winter months.

A) Panic disorder
B) Bipolar disorder
C) Dysthymic disorder
D) Major depressive disorder with seasonal pattern
E) Somatization disorder

Question 72

The tendency for some depressed persons to perpetuate depression by blaming themselves for negative events is termed ________ by Martin Seligman.

A) observer discomfort
B) learned helplessness
C) unconventionality
D) narcissism
E) rumination

Question 73

Padma is extremely confident and feels that lately she needs very little sleep. In addition, she reports that her thoughts seem to be going fast-similar to watching three television shows at once. Padma most likely is experiencing

A) a manic episode.
B) a dysthymic episode.
C) a loss of mental control.
D) a psychotic break.
E) catatonia.

Question 74

Which of the following is Mayberg's explanation for depressive disorders?

A) Depression is a result of learned helplessness.
B) Depression results when a person turns their anger inward on oneself.
C) Depression is a result of distortions in thinking.
D) Depression results from the brain's mood-regulating circuitry, external stresses, and biological vulnerability.
E) Depression is a result of a lack of self-acceptance and unconditional positive regard.

Question 75

Major depression, and major depressive disorder with seasonal pattern are examples of ________ disorders.

A) neurotic
B) somatic symptom
C) psychotic
D) depressive
E) anxiety

Question 76

Depression is related to

A) the brain neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin.
B) a genetic predisposition.
C) low brain wave activity of the left frontal lobe.
D) a viral infection.
E) All of the above are

Question 77

Cross-cultural studies of depression indicate that

A) developing nations have the highest levels of depression.
B) the level of depression varies greatly from country to country.
C) where divorce levels are high, depression levels are low.
D) war-torn nations have unexpectedly low levels of depression.
E) the United States has the world's highest rate of depression.

Question 78

________ involves changes in the hormone melatonin.

A) Major depressive disorder with seasonal pattern
B) Bipolar disorder
C) Unipolar depression
D) Mania
E) Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 79

Which of the following is a characteristic of major depression?

A) depressed mood that comes and goes frequently
B) diminished interest in daily activities
C) heightened interest in sexual activity
D) an enhanced sense of creativity
E) hallucinations and delusions

Question 80

A person who feels euphoric and hyperactive may be experiencing

A) a panic attack.
B) a manic episode.
C) dementia.
D) a fugue.
E) illness anxiety disorder.