Deck 5: Assessment: Overview

Question 1

A psychologist initially considers diagnosing a child with ADHD based on reports from several teachers.However,after consultation with the child's parents,it is clear that the child's sleep habits are severely problematic,and sleep hygiene training is recommended.Had the psychologist diagnosed ADHD,this type of prediction would be referred to as a

A) true positive.
B) true negative.
C) false positive.
D) false negative.

Answer 1

false positive.

Question 2

Researchers developed a brief survey of depressive symptoms to be used in schools to evaluate adolescents' current level of symptoms.This tool is an example of a ______ tool.

A) prognosis
B) diagnosis
C) screening
D) treatment monitoring

Answer 2

screening

Question 3

A diagnosis is useful to psychologists because:

A) it provides an initial framework for a treatment plan.
B) it helps in searching the scientific literature for information on associated features such as etiology and prognosis.
C) It enables communication with other health professionals.
D) all of the above.

Answer 3

all of the above.

Question 4

An assessment conducted as a first step in identifying an appropriate and effective service to meet an individual's unique needs is referred to as a(n)_________ service.

A) intervention-focused
B) assessment-focused
C) evaluative
D) prognostic

Question 5

The use of assessment data,in combination with relevant empirical literature,to make predictions about the future course of an individual's psychological functioning is referred to as:

A) diagnosis.
B) prognosis.
C) treatment monitoring.
D) treatment evaluation.

Question 6

Which of the following is the BEST example of a psychological assessment as a stand-alone service?

A) An intervention-focused evaluation.
B) A child custody evaluation.
C) A pre-treatment evaluation.
D) A treatment monitoring evaluation.

Question 7

The collection of large amounts and multiple sources of data can run the risk of

A) unnecessary costs.
B) unnecessary error.
C) less time for intervention.
D) all of the above.

Question 8

Screening may occur at which of the following sites?

A) Clinic and/or hospital.
B) School.
C) Employment setting.
D) All of the above.

Question 9

Evidence-based assessment uses research and theory to guide the manner in which the

A) assessment process unfolds.
B) treatment unfolds.
C) treatments are provided.
D) none of the above.

Question 10

A _______ tool is useful in identifying individuals at risk for a mental disorder.Those who score high on that measure would _______meet diagnostic criteria for a disorder.

A) screening; not necessarily
B) diagnostic; definitely
C) screening; rarely
D) diagnostic; almost always

Question 11

A forensic psychologist predicts that an offender is unlikely to harm himself during a three-year conditional release,and at the end of the three years the offender has not engaged in any self-harm.This type of prediction would be referred to as a

A) true positive.
B) true negative.
C) false positive.
D) false negative.

Question 12

Case formulation refers to the process of collecting assessment data

A) for use in court proceedings.
B) to evaluate intervention services.
C) as a means of communication among clinicians and with other health professionals through patient files.
D) to develop a comprehensive view of an individual's functioning.

Question 13

Prediction error during an assessment is more likely when the

A) base rate of a behaviour is low.
B) base rate of a behaviour is moderate.
C) base rate of a behaviour is high.
D) behaviour has been empirically investigated.

Question 14

Sensitivity refers to the relative proportion of _________ identified by the assessment.

A) true positives
B) true negatives
C) false positives
D) false negatives

Question 15

A procedure to identify individuals who may have clinically significant problems or who may be at risk for developing such problems is referred to as a _______ procedure.

A) diagnostic
B) screening
C) treatment-planning
D) treatment-evaluation

Question 16

Assessments conducted primarily to provide information addressing a person's current or anticipated psychosocial deficits are referred to as _________ services.

A) intervention-focused
B) assessment-focused
C) evaluative
D) prognostic

Question 17

When an event occurs that was not predicted,it is referred to as a

A) false positive.
B) false negative.
C) true positive.
D) true negative.

Question 18

Specificity refers to the relative proportion of ________ identified by the assessment.

A) true positives
B) true negatives
C) false positives
D) false negatives

Question 19

What term is more commonly used today,replacing the term psychodiagnosis?

A) Screening.
B) Case formulation.
C) Patient conceptualization.
D) Clinical presentation.

Question 20

Psychological assessment _________ prediction regarding the individual's future functioning.

A) should not include any form of
B) does not necessarily have to include
C) always implies some form of
D) is not the same as making a

Question 21

To be sure that a test is yielding valid data it must meet which of the following criteria?

A) It must have norms.
B) It must measure all aspects of the underlying construct it purports to measure.
C) It must be related with scores of other tests of similar constructs.
D) Both B and C.

Question 22

Treatment monitoring

A) helps ensure that the psychologist follows the treatment plan.
B) allows for changes in the treatment plan as required.
C) helps ensure that clients are completing assigned tasks.
D) helps to develop treatment goals at the outset of therapy.

Question 23

A useful treatment plan must cover the general areas of

A) problem identification and treatment evaluation.
B) problem identification, treatment goals, and treatment strategies/tactics.
C) treatment goals, treatment evaluation, and treatment strategies/tactics.
D) treatment goals, treatment strategies/tactics, and treatment evaluation.

Question 24

Advances in online technology have

A) made it possible to complete a full psychological assessment online.
B) led to a number of websites offering psychological testing.
C) helped to eliminate a number of previous ethical and practical issues in psychological testing.
D) led to increased regulation of the online administration of psychological testing.

Question 25

To develop a standard score a ____ score is calculated.

A) t
B) z
C) p
D) comparison

Question 26

If a test score of 45 is associated with a percentile rank of 74%,this indicates that

A) 74% of those in the normative group scored at or above a test score of 45.
B) 74% of those in the normative group scored at or below a test score of 45.
C) 45% of those in the normative group scored at or above a test score of 74.
D) 45% of those in the normative group scored at or below a test score of 74.

Question 27

Developmental norms are used when the psychological construct being assessed

A) remains constant over time.
B) remains constant over time for some individuals, but not for others.
C) develops idiosyncratically over time.
D) changes over time.

Question 28

Psychological assessment and psychological testing

A) refer to the same activities.
B) are related activities, but are not synonymous.
C) usually end up examining the same phenomena.
D) are different, in that testing is more complex and integrated than assessment.

Question 29

The extent to which a test provides a relatively pure measure of a psychological construct,and is not contaminated by other psychological constructs,is referred to as

A) discriminant validity.
B) concurrent validity.
C) predictive validity.
D) convergent validity.

Question 30

In what way(s)can treatment outcome data can be used?

A) To help estimate the benefits, duration, and cost of treatment.
B) As an indicator of how well an entire system of care is functioning.
C) To document the typical range of outcomes experienced by clients as a means of comparison between clients.
D) All of the above.

Question 31

Providing a clear focus for treatment,giving the client realistic expectations about the process and likely outcome of treatment,as well as establishing a standard against which treatment progress can be measured are all clear benefits of

A) prognosis.
B) diagnosis.
C) treatment maintenance.
D) treatment planning.

Question 32

Lambert et al.(2003)found that treatment monitoring

A) worsened treatment outcome by increasing distraction and self-consciousness among clinicians.
B) did not have any impact on treatment outcome.
C) affected treatment outcome in very few cases.
D) had the potential to substantially impact treatment outcome.

Question 33

To be optimally effective,treatment monitoring should be conducted

A) once, at the beginning of treatment, to establish treatment procedures.
B) twice, at the beginning and at the mid-point of treatment, to determine effectiveness of treatment.
C) by a psychologist who is impartial, and not involved with the treatment.
D) on a routine basis throughout services.

Question 34

Assessment is ______ complex and ______ multifaceted than is testing.

A) less ; less
B) less ; more
C) more ; more
D) more ; less

Question 35

To be most useful,treatment planning should

A) focus only on short-term goals of treatment.
B) focus on intermediate goals of treatment.
C) focus on ultimate goals of treatment.
D) focus on both the intermediate and the ultimate goals of treatment.

Question 36

Recent research has identified that internet samples are ______ and results found through internet responses are _______ to those obtained by traditional methods.

A) diverse ; similar
B) homogeneous ; different
C) homogeneous ; similar
D) diverse ; different

Question 37

Standard scores are calculated by __________________ a specific test score and dividing the resulting number by the standard deviation of the test scores.

A) adding the standard deviation of the test scores from
B) subtracting the standard deviation of the test scores from
C) adding the mean of the test scores to
D) subtracting the mean of the test scores from

Question 38

Consistency across clinicians and testing occasions in the procedure used to administer and score a test is referred to as:

A) normalization.
B) standardization.
C) inter-rater reliability.
D) content validity.

Question 39

Treatment planning:

A) allows the client to pre-pay services.
B) uses assessment data and relevant scientific evidence to make predictions about the future course of a patient's psychological functioning.
C) requires the psychologist to determine the extent to which there are efficacious treatments to address the client's problems.
D) is the process by which agencies decide which services to fund.

Question 40

A study conducted by Lambert et al.(2003)on treatment monitoring compared two groups of therapy clients.In one group,therapists received formal feedback on client symptoms.In the other group,therapists received no formal feedback on client symptoms.The researchers found

A) no differences in treatment outcome between the two groups.
B) that clients in the "no feedback" condition experienced improved treatment outcome.
C) that clients in the "feedback" condition experienced worse treatment outcome.
D) that clients in the "feedback" condition experienced improved treatment outcome.

Question 41

List at least five of the Competencies in Psychological Assessment Expected at the Point of Licensure

Question 42

Compared with ____(i)____,____(ii)____ are far less likely to be standardized,to have norms,or to possess acceptable levels of reliability and validity.

A) (i) intelligence tests/personality inventories/behaviour rating scales; (ii) projective tests
B) (i) projective tests; (ii) intelligence tests/personality inventories/behaviour rating scales
C) (i) intelligence tests and behaviour rating scales; (ii) personality inventories and projective tests
D) (i) personality inventories and projective tests; (ii) intelligence tests and behaviour rating scales

Question 43

Why is standardization necessary for psychological testing and how is it achieved?

Question 44

Describe two of the types of decisions test developers must make when selecting their sample to establish norms for their tests?

Question 45

What is meant by test validity? Name and define three of the ways that researchers and clinicians ensure that a test is valid.

Question 46

What is the difference between treatment monitoring and treatment evaluation?

Question 47

What does the term case formulation refer to?

Question 48

Describe the differences among a true positive,a false positive,a true negative,and a false negative.Provide an example of each.

Question 49

Name and describe three of the purposes of psychological assessment.

Question 50

Describe sensitivity and specificity.

Question 51

When conducting assessments,psychologists have an ethical responsibility to:

A) be knowledgeable about test properties, such as standardization, reliability, validity, and norms.
B) be able to competently administer and interpret the results of each test used.
C) clearly indicate to the client the limits to the certainty of assessment findings.
D) all of the above.

Question 52

Describe the term prognosis as it relates to the assessment process.

Question 53

Provide an example of a specific assessment-focused service.What is the goal of the service?

Question 54

When considering ethical issues in assessment which of the following is/are considered essential?

A) Informed consent.
B) Confidentiality.
C) The assessor's sound knowledge of the tests' psychometric properties.
D) All of the above.

Question 55

Why do psychologists use screening measures?Why do psychologists use screening measures

Question 56

Which of the following tests uses developmental norms?

A) Rorschach Inkblot Test.
B) Graduate Record Examination.
C) Alfred Binet Intelligence Test.
D) Thematic Apperception Test.

Question 57

Describe the main difference between the interpretation of the results of a psychological test and a psychological assessment.