Deck 11: Intervention: Overview

Question 1

In discussing treatment the psychologist should explain:

A)his/her preferred method of treatment.
B)evidence-based treatments s/he is competent to provide.
C)the major evidence-based treatments for the client's problem.
D)treatments s/he has found helpful in treating people with similar problems.

Answer 1

the major evidence-based treatments for the client's problem.

Question 2

A limitation of John Norcross' definition of psychotherapy is that:

A)it does not specify that psychologists must deliver the services.
B)it does not focus adequately on feelings.
C)it ignores the patient's role in setting goals.
D)it does not address whether the treatment is evidence-based.

Answer 2

it does not address whether the treatment is evidence-based.

Question 3

Barlow (2004)suggested that the term psychological treatments be used to refer to evidence based treatments used to treat

A)clinically significant problems.
B)subclinical problems (e.g.,relational problems).
C)Axis II disorders.
D)Axis I disorders.

Answer 3

clinically significant problems.

Question 4

Across different types of short term psychodynamic psychotherapies,therapy involves:

A)helping the client to understand phases of psychological development.
B)making unconscious processes conscious.
C)re-enacting in the relationship with the therapist issues that have troubled the client in the past.
D)all of the above.

Question 5

A short-term psychodynamic psychotherapist would be most likely to use which of the following techniques?

A)Challenging thoughts.
B)Behavioural activation.
C)Confrontation about defense mechanisms.
D)Assignment of the sick role.

Question 6

________ is designed to change relational functioning,whereas __________ is designed to alter intrapsychic variables using information about relationships.

A)Interpersonal Psychotherapy; Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
B)Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy; Interpersonal Psychotherapy
C)Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy; Interpersonal Psychotherapy
D)Interpersonal Psychotherapy; Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy

Question 7

Within Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy,counter-transference is considered

A)a breach in therapeutic neutrality caused by the therapist's unconscious conflicts.
B)useful,as it provides useful information about the way the client's interpersonal behaviours affect others.
C)particularly harmful to the therapeutic alliance.
D)more useful in treating some disorders than others.

Question 8

Process Experiential treatment includes

A)enhancing clients' emotion-regulation abilities.
B)examining defense mechanisms.
C)helping clients to transform maladaptive emotion into adaptive emotion.
D)both A and C.

Question 9

The treatment approach emphasizing awareness of emotions,understanding and expressing emotions,and transforming maladaptive to adaptive emotions is known as:

A)Interpersonal Psychotherapy.
B)Process Experiential Therapy.
C)Short-term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy.
D)Emotion Regulation.

Question 10

Which of the following is the psychologist's first task in short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy? To:

A)develop a positive transference relationship.
B)analyze the transference relationship.
C)deal with loss.
D)challenge the client to recognize his/her defence mechanisms that may impede progress in therapy.

Question 11

Sullivan (1953)suggested that psychological problems were often related to

A)difficulties in relationships.
B)unconscious impulses.
C)faulty thinking.
D)a lack of behavioural activation.

Question 12

Psychodynamic theories assume that individuals are prone to conflicts between the

A)ego and transference.
B)id and transference.
C)id and ego.
D)superego and countertransference.

Question 13

The unconscious application of expectations and emotional experiences,based on important early relationships,to subsequent interpersonal relationships is known as:

A)process-experience.
B)introspection.
C)transference.
D)counter-transference.

Question 14

Psychodynamic theorists propose that a client's core interpersonal conflicts will be repeated in the relationship with the therapist through a process known as

A)counter-transference.
B)transference.
C)projection.
D)introjection.

Question 15

Therapeutic activities involved in Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depression include

A)dealing with grief.
B)examining role disputes.
C)assisting in role transitions.
D)all of the above

Question 16

Lilienfeld (2007)described the growing research base of psychological treatments that can cause harm.Two examples of this are:

A)cognitive-behavioural therapy and "Scared Straight" programs.
B)"Scared Straight" programs and rebirthing therapy.
C)rebirthing therapy and short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy.
D)short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioural therapy.

Question 17

The "Scared Straight" program has been shown to be:

A)highly effective in preventing the development of conduct disorder among at risk youth
B)ineffective in treating delinquent youth
C)highly effective in treating anxiety disorders
D)a good example of a stepped care approach

Question 18

Evidence-based practice requires that treatments be based on:

A)highly controlled,internally valid,replicated studies.
B)highly controlled studies in real world environments.
C)the best available evidence.
D)randomized controlled studies.

Question 19

To make an informed decision about treatment,clients must be informed of all of the evidence-based treatment options,which may include:

A)medication options.
B)psychological interventions the psychologist can provide.
C)psychological interventions the psychologist does not have the training to provide,followed by a referral if needed.
D)all of the above

Question 20

Short-term psychodynamic treatment usually requires:

A)weekly sessions over about a year.
B)biweekly sessions for six months.
C)weekly or biweekly sessions for 4-7 months.
D)daily sessions.

Question 21

Psychotherapy is practised by

A)psychologists.
B)nurses.
C)social workers.
D)all of the above.

Question 22

A central characteristic of process-experiential therapies is its emphasis on

A)in-session experiencing of affect.
B)the unconscious.
C)interpersonal relationships.
D)both A and B.

Question 23

A person's sense of competence to learn and perform new tasks is referred to as

A)self-discovery.
B)self-efficacy.
C)self-efficiency.
D)self-sufficiency.

Question 24

Cognitive approaches to therapy are based on the assumption that

A)events directly impact individual functioning.
B)it is the perception of events that impacts individual functioning.
C)catharsis is necessary for restructuring thoughts.
D)negative thoughts arise beginning in early childhood.

Question 25

The increased number of people seeking treatments for psychological problems can largely be accounted for by

A)increased use of psychopharmacological treatments.
B)increased use of psychotherapy services.
C)the increase in the variety of psychotherapy options.
D)all of the above.

Question 26

Psychotherapy clients are most likely to

A)be male.
B)be female.
C)have a lower income.
D)be older adults.

Question 27

Examination of randomized controlled trials of evidence-based treatments,summarized by Hansen et al.(2002),indicates that

A)evidence-based treatments are more effective than treatment as usual.
B)patients attended fewer sessions in evidence-based treatments.
C)less half of patients recovered in evidence-based treatments.
D)treatment as usual was just as effective as evidence-based treatments.

Question 28

A Canadian receiving psychological services is most likely to be

A)living in a rural area.
B)living in a two parent family.
C)male.
D)university educated.

Question 29

In CBT the most important changes are presumed to take place

A)in the first half of the session.
B)in the second half of the session.
C)in between sessions.
D)after the completion of all the treatment sessions.

Question 30

In Hansen,Lambert,and Forman's (2002)examination of 6,000 adults who received routine psychotherapy,approximately ____ of clients experiences no change,whereas ____ of clients improved or recovered.

A)10%; 85%
B)25%; 60%
C)50%; 35%
D)85%; 10%

Question 31

Most current psychological treatments are designed to range from approximately

A)1 to 3 sessions.
B)6 to 8 sessions.
C)10 to 30 sessions.
D)40 to 80 sessions.

Question 32

Whose seminal findings demonstrated that learning can take place by observation and imitation?

A)Albert Bandura
B)Carl Rogers
C)Albert Ellis
D)B)F.Skinner

Question 33

The termination phase in CBT

A)is a time to use the therapeutic relationship to help clients process their emotions that will create new meaning for their emotional experiences.
B)focuses primarily on coping with the end of the therapeutic relationship.
C)is an opportunity for the client to examine the impact of childhood experiences upon his/her current functioning.
D)is future-oriented,with an emphasis on consolidating skills and anticipating future challenges.

Question 34

The vast majority of people who receive psychotherapy attend

A)just one session.
B)fewer than 10 sessions.
C)at least 15 sessions.
D)upwards of 20 sessions.

Question 35

Self-efficacy has been shown to predict

A)the development of defense mechanisms.
B)willingness to approach phobic stimuli.
C)attempting new behaviours.
D)both B and C.

Question 36

Cognitive-behavioural therapists

A)play a very active role in service provision.
B)use Socratic questioning to help clients.
C)play a passive role in service provision.
D)Both A and B.

Question 37

Saunders' (1993)research found that the majority of those who eventually sought therapy reported that it took _____________ to move from recognizing that a significant problem existed to pursuing therapy.

A)only days
B)several months
C)years
D)none of the above

Question 38

Behavioural interventions focus on

A)reducing undesirable behaviours.
B)reducing undesirable behaviours and increasing desirable behaviours.
C)increasing desirable behaviours.
D)classical conditioning responses.

Question 39

In Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy,client and therapist develop strategies to

A)facilitate the development of new relationships.
B)re-enact emotional conflicts within sessions.
C)examine the client's defense mechanisms.
D)test the client's dysfunctional beliefs.

Question 40

Research suggests that in the past few decades the overall use of mental health services has

A)remained constant.
B)increased significantly,both for psychotropic medication and psychotherapy.
C)decreased significantly for psychotherapy.
D)increased significantly for psychotropic medication,and less so for psychotherapy.

Question 41

Define self-efficacy.What can self-efficacy predict that is relevant to cognitive-behaviour therapy?

Question 42

List two reasons why research indicates that fewer clients receiving psychological services in routine practice experience improvement compared with clients receiving services in randomized controlled trials.

Question 43

A study by Dishion,McCord and Poulin (1999)found that youth with significant problem behaviours who received a peer-group intervention

A)did better than youth who did not receive the group treatment.
B)fared worse than youth who did not receive the group treatment.
C)performed the same as youth who did not receive the group treatment.
D)were unlikely to complete the group treatment.

Question 44

List three questions that all clinical psychologists should be prepared to answer for potential clients about psychotherapy services.

Question 45

Stepped care refers to the process of

A)offering the type of intervention for which the treatment provider is most qualified.
B)disregarding cost to provide the strongest evidence-based intervention to meet the client's needs.
C)offering the lowest cost interventions to those who do not have private health insurance coverage.
D)only providing more intensive interventions to those for whom first line intervention is insufficient.

Question 46

The use of information technology and telecommunications to provide health care services from a distance is known as

A)Telehealth.
B)Computer-mediated Psychotherapy.
C)Healthcom.
D)MedTech

Question 47

There is currently ___________ that self-administered treatments _____ effective in treating various mental health issues such as depression.

A)overwhelming evidence; are not
B)evidence; can be
C)no evidence; can be
D)preliminary evidence; are not

Question 48

Evidence-based treatments perform _________ than routine psychotherapy services,and patients receiving the evidence-based treatments in randomized controlled trials are often _______ severely distressed.

A)better ; less
B)better ; more
C)more poorly ; less
D)more poorly ; more

Question 49

Discuss the rates of psychological problems in rural settings,as well as the access of individuals who live in these rural areas to psychological services.

Question 50

A study by Proudfoot et al.(2004)examined the effectiveness of the computer-based treatment program Beating the Blues and found that

A)it was less effective than treatment as usual.
B)it was equally effective as treatment as usual.
C)it was more effective than treatment as usual.
D)it was less effective as many clients lose motivation to continue.

Question 51

Which of the following can be both a positive and negative aspect of group therapy?

A)Universality.
B)Modelling of behaviour.
C)Support.
D)Cost-effectiveness.

Question 52

The vast majority of psychological interventions are delivered in

A)individual sessions.
B)group sessions.
C)couple therapy sessions.
D)Both A and C

Question 53

On what basis did Barlow (2004)suggest that the terms psychological treatments and psychotherapy be differentiated?

Question 54

What type of group treatment is designed to capitalize on the dynamics of the group?

A)Structured group approaches.
B)Unstructured group approaches.
C)Process group approaches.
D)Dynamic procedural group approaches.

Question 55

Define stepped care.List an example of two steps of care as they might be applied to the provision of psychological services.

Question 56

What is transference?