Deck 15: Health Psychology, Clinical Neuropsychology, and Forensic Psychology

Question 1

____________ is a helpful strategy for managing acute pain in children.

A)Distraction
B)Denying the pain
C)Giving false reassurance
D)Focusing on the pain

Answer 1

Distraction

Question 2

Using data from the Canadian Community Health Survey 2011/2012,Gilmour (2015)reported that ??????______ of Canadians aged 18 or older reported that they experienced chronic pain.

A)2%
B)12%
C)22%.
D)32%.

Answer 2

22%.

Question 3

The World Health Organization (WHO)has adopted a ______________ model of disability.

A)psychosocial
B)social-contextual
C)biosocial
D)biopsychosocial

Answer 3

biopsychosocial

Question 4

According to Canadian Disability Survey rates of disability ______________ with age.

A)decrease
B)remain constant
C)increase
D)can either decrease or increase

Question 5

When conducting assessments and interventions clinical health psychologists must

A)be knowledgeable about the physical disorders from which their patients suffer.
B)consider psychological issues,such as the applicability of a mental disorder diagnosis in addition to a physical disorder.
C)consider the person's social context.
D)all of the above.

Question 6

Data from the Canadian Disability Survey revealed that _____________was the most common disability in those aged over 65.

A)flexibility
B)mobility
C)pain
D)learning disability

Question 7

Principles of sleep hygiene include

A)stimulus control.
B)sleep restriction.
C)avoiding caffeine,smoking,and exercise near bedtime.
D)taking a hot bath or shower before going to bed.

Question 8

To conduct health psychology research

A)it is not necessary to have clinical training.
B)the researcher is strongly advised to obtain clinical training.
C)it is mandatory that the individual have clinical training.
D)it is mandatory to have clinical training for clinical (rather than empirical)research only.

Question 9

Canadian Disability Survey data from 2012 revealed a disability rate of

A)7%.
B)14%.
C)26%.
D)33%.

Question 10

Within a medical model,disability is considered a _________ requiring treatment to correct the problem,whereas within a social model,disability is viewed as a ____________.

A)characteristic of a person; function of both the physical and social environments
B)function of the social environment; characteristic of a person
C)function of the physical environment; a function of the way the person reacts to perceived limitations
D)characteristic of a person; impairment associated with physical health problems

Question 11

Psychological approaches to treatment for chronic pain management involve

A)problem-solving.
B)relaxation.
C)contingency management.
D)all of the above.

Question 12

According to the WHO model of disability,an individual's functioning or disability is determined by the interaction of

A)pre-morbid functioning and supportiveness of the environment.
B)the availability of integrated services and readiness to change.
C)severity of impairment and motivation to change.
D)health conditions and contextual variables.

Question 13

___________ refers to aspects of well-being for individuals living with diverse disorders,as well as for their caregivers.

A)Quality-of-life
B)Biosocial health
C)Level of satisfaction
D)Environmental contentment

Question 14

Data from the Canadian Disability Survey show that among working-age adults,the most common type of disability was related to pain,followed by flexibility and mobility chronic pain and mobility limitations

A)pain
B)flexibility
C)mobility
D)agility

Question 15

In recent decades and many quality-of-life assessment tools have been developed for use with people suffering from mental and physical problems,for example,there is now considerable research on quality of life.

A)primarily with very elderly patients.
B)among children suffering from depression.
C)among people with cancer.
D)focusing on mental and not physical problems.

Question 16

CBT treatment for insomnia includes:

A)sleep hygiene,stimulus control,sleep restriction,cognitive restructuring.
B)sleep hygiene,behavioural activation,sleep restriction,cognitive restructuring.
C)behavioural activation,sleep hygiene,exposure,cognitive restructuring.
D)exposure,cognitive restructuring,stimulus control,sleep restriction.

Question 17

A pain that serves an unpleasant,but useful,function for an individual and lasts for a short duration is classified as _______ pain.

A)acute
B)prolonged
C)chronic
D)short-term

Question 18

Which twentieth century advances set the stage for psychologists to play a significant role in health promotion,treatment of disease,and rehabilitation?

A)Sanitation.
B)Medicine.
C)Medical technology.
D)All of the above.

Question 19

Pain is considered chronic when it persists for

A)less than 6 weeks.
B)6 - 12 weeks.
C)more than 3 months.
D)more than 6 months.

Question 20

If Joanna avoids caffeine and other stimulants in the evening she is practising good

A)sleep strategies.
B)rest enhancers.
C)sleep hygiene.
D)self-care.

Question 21

Neuropsychology is the study of ____________,whereas clinical neuropsychology is _____.

A)neurological injury or disease; the application of this knowledge to assess and remediate effects of neurological injury or disease
B)brain-behaviour relationships; the application of this knowledge to assess and remediate effects of neurological injury or disease
C)neurological injury or disease; the study of brain-behaviour relationships
D)brain-behaviour relationships; the study of neurological injury or disease

Question 22

A meta-analysis of 26 studies of cognitive rehabilitation for individuals with acquired brain injury revealed

A)evidence of significant improvements in working memory in both treated and untreated patients over time
B)evidence of modest improvements in working memory in both treated and untreated patients over time
C)evidence of minor improvements in working memory in both treated and untreated patients over time
D)evidence of no improvements in working memory in both treated and untreated patients over time

Question 23

Behavioural strategies to treat insomnia include

A)getting out of bed when unable to sleep and returning only when sleepy.
B)avoiding caffeine in the evening.
C)changing dysfunctional beliefs about sleep.
D)avoiding exercise late in the evening.

Question 24

Based on expert opinion on tests for forensic evaluations,the most highly recommended tool for assessing the risk of violence is the

A)Violence Risk Appraisal Guide.
B)MCMI-II.
C)MMPI-2.
D)Psychopathy Checklist-Revised.

Question 25

Viljoen,MacLachlan,and Vincent (2010)found that forensic psychologists routinely used standardized measures in assessing violence risk among youth and adults.Those working with ________ offenders were less likely to include measures of psychopathy than were those working with __________ offenders.

A)young; repeat
B)young; adult
C)adult; young
D)adult; repeat

Question 26

Research has demonstrated that there is _______________ between performance on a neuropsychological test and performance of the activities of daily living.

A)no simple correspondence
B)a very strong causal link
C)some relationship
D)no relationship

Question 27

Many norms for neuropsychological tests are based on samples that under-represent

A)children.
B)minorities.
C)females.
D)all of the above.

Question 28

The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised is ___________ assessing risk of violence.

A)as effective as projective measures in
B)one of many effective tools for
C)the most highly recommended tool for
D)the least highly recommended tool for

Question 29

The risk assessments conducted by forensic psychologists focus primarily on

A)the risk of the individual re-engaging in violent criminal behaviour.
B)the risks that individuals pose to themselves.
C)ability to benefit from social skills group training.
D)suicidal risk.

Question 30

The history of treatment for individuals with neurocognitive impairment is _________ the history of treatment for mental disorders.

A)comparable to
B)much more extensive than
C)relatively brief compared to
D)controversial compared to

Question 31

Which test is widely considered a useful tool in evaluating cognitive functioning?

A)The Reitan-Luria battery.
B)The Luria-Halstead battery.
C)The Halstead-Morin battery.
D)The Halstead-Reitan battery.

Question 32

Conducted by clinical neuropsychologists,_________ assessment is specifically designed to balance the need for autonomy with the need for protection,and requires an understanding of the ways in which functioning can be impaired by injury and degenerative processes.

A)legal
B)deterioration
C)capacity
D)traumatic brain injury

Question 33

A survey of rehabilitation programs within the American Hospital Association (2003)revealed that _________ programs incorporated neuropsychological testing for individuals who had been hospitalized for a stroke or brain injury.

A)no
B)few
C)most
D)all

Question 34

In a neuropsychological assessment aimed at providing information for treatment planning and rehabilitation,a relevant question could include:

A)Is there evidence of brain dysfunction that could be related to the person committing a violent act?
B)What kind of special learning aids will this child with a learning disability require?
C)To what extent will this child's acquisition of language be affected by her head injury?
D)Does this child show signs of having been exposed to a toxic substance?

Question 35

Treatment planning in rehabilitation based on the acronym SMART (Wilson,2008)establishes goals that are

A)specific,measurable,achievable,realistic and timely.
B)short,measurable,achievable,realistic and timely.
C)specific,measurable,active,reliable and timely.
D)short,measurable,active,reliable and timely.

Question 36

CBT treatments for insomnia

A)can be delivered inexpensively and effectively.
B)can be delivered only in individual therapy.
C)are more expensive than pharmacotherapy.
D)have only shown effectiveness in the short-term.

Question 37

A meta-analysis of 16 studies conducted by Guàrdia-Olmos,Perŏ-Cebellero,& Gudayol-Ferré (2015)found that rehabilitation produced ________________improvement in quality of life are methodologically sound.

A)a permanent.
B)a long-term.
C)at least a temporary
D)at least a complete

Question 38

The ways that injuries and diseases affect the brain is referred to as

A)neuroanatomy.
B)neuropathology.
C)neurology.
D)neuropsychology.

Question 39

In a neuropsychological assessment aimed at formulating a diagnosis,a relevant question could include:

A)Does this child show signs of having been exposed to a toxic substance?
B)To what extent will this child's acquisition of language be affected by head injury?
C)What is the extent of damage to this employee who sustained an electric shock?
D)What can be done to help this person with mild memory loss?

Question 40

The College of Psychologists of Ontario requires that forensic psychologists have additional knowledge in

A)criminal behaviour.
B)risk management.
C)risk assessment.
D)all of the above.

Question 41

A meta-analysis by Wilson and colleagues (2005)found that offenders who had been treated had a recidivism rate of ________% whereas untreated offenders had a recidivism rate of ________%.

A)77; 25
B)22; 50
C)46; 54
D)56; 56

Question 42

What is the difference between acute pain and chronic pain?

Question 43

What is forensic psychology? And how is treatment outcome most likely to be measured by psychologists in this field?

Question 44

Provide a definition for the biopsychosocial model.According to this model,an individual's functioning or disability is determined by the interaction of which two factors?

Question 45

Define the conceptualization of disability within both
a)a medical model and b)a social model.

Question 46

What is the term used to describe the act of committing a crime after release from incarceration?

A)Relapse
B)Lapse
C)Recidivism
D)Recriminalization

Question 47

The PCL-R

A)measures psychopathy.
B)is considered to be the single best predictor of violent behaviour.
C)is considered to be useful in diverse cultural contexts.
D)all of the above.

Question 48

Meta-analyses by Dowden and Andrews (2004)support the utility of ____________ interventions for offenders.

A)CBT
B)Experiential
C)Psychodynamic
D)Interpersonal

Question 49

Do neuropsychological tests reflect human functioning perfectly? Why or why not?

Question 50

Define the concept of quality-of-life,and explain why it is important to measure this (alongside measuring the extent of disability).

Question 51

Canadian researcher Robert Hare is primarily known for his ground-breaking work on

A)antisocial personality disorder.
B)psychopathy.
C)neurological deficits.
D)aging.

Question 52

What is clinical neuropsychology?

Question 53

What is the difference between neuroanatomy and neuropathology?

Question 54

Are cognitive-behavioural interventions for reducing symptoms in those suffering from insomnia effective? Further,how does CBT compare to pharmacotherapy in the treatment of insomnia?

Question 55

List two helpful (either psychological or physical)and two unhelpful methods to manage children's acute pain.