Deck 1: An Overview of the Criminal Justice System in Canada

Question 1

According to Hudson,what are the stages in criminal justice that are delivered to an accused?

A)charge,prosecution,trial,sentence,appeal,punishment
B)charge,trial,sentence,punishment
C)charge,prosecution,trial,plea,appeal,punishment
D)charge,trial,sentence,appeal,punishment

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Robert Latimer was charged for killing his disabled daughter to end her suffering in 1993.What type of euthanasia was involved in this case?

A)passive euthanasia
B)nonvoluntary euthanasia
C)involuntary euthanasia
D)active euthanasia

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following terms refers to the truthfulness of the allegation of a case?

A)criminal justice
B)substantive justice
C)absolute justice
D)provincial justice

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following describes a situation where a terminally ill individual who is near death requests a health professional to withhold life-sustaining support?

A)active euthanasia
B)involuntary euthanasia
C)passive euthanasia
D)assisted suicide

Question 5

Which of the following is responsible for making sure that justice is achieved and maintained?

A)federal and provincial governments
B)federal and municipal governments
C)federal government
D)provincial governments

Question 6

What is the purpose of the adversarial system?

A)to treat people fairly
B)to convict the guilty
C)to maintain substantive justice
D)to search for the truth

Question 7

According to the text,what is the objective of social control in a society?

A)to build more correctional facilities
B)to create more laws in our society
C)to control behaviour viewed as criminal in some way
D)to spend more money to increase the size of the criminal justice system

Question 8

The basis for the belief that disorderly conduct should be a crime is the idea that crime is a violation of which of the following?

A)the "black letter" of the law
B)normative decision making
C)the social contract
D)the criminal law

Question 9

Which Supreme Court of Canada case was instrumental in deciding that adults have the right to end their life with a doctor's assistance?

A)Wilson v.Canada
B)Carter v.Canada
C)Chilton v.Canada
D)White v.Canada

Question 10

Which province was the first to legalize physician-assisted death in June 2014?

A)Ontario
B)Quebec
C)Alberta
D)British Columbia

Question 11

According to the text,how many cases of euthanasia were studied in Canada?

A)30
B)35
C)40
D)45

Question 12

Which of the following describes a situation where a person is incompetent and his family members decide that his life should be terminated despite the fact that he cannot give his consent?

A)passive euthanasia
B)nonvoluntary euthanasia
C)involuntary euthanasia
D)active euthanasia

Question 13

John has committed a criminal offence and has been charged by the police.John is on welfare and cannot afford legal counsel on his own.In Canada,ensuring that everyone can access justice is part of which type of approach to criminal justice?

A)normative approach
B)adversarial approach
C)due process approach
D)poverty approach

Question 14

What did researchers discover when physicians in Quebec were asked about their support of euthanasia?

A)that a minority of physicians favoured euthanasia
B)that approximately 50 percent of physicians favoured euthanasia
C)that approximately 75 percent of physicians favoured euthanasia
D)that almost all physicians favoured euthanasia

Question 15

Madison is asked by the Crown prosecutor to plead guilty in exchange for a reduced sentence.What type of justice does this demonstrate?

A)legal justice
B)procedural justice
C)substantive justice
D)bargain justice

Question 16

Which term commonly refers to how a society organizes its reaction to problematic behaviour?

A)social control
B)civil law
C)criminal behaviour
D)criminal law

Question 17

Because of an increase in the number of stabbings,criminal justice personnel decide to charge everyone involved in such crimes,eliminate plea bargains,and hand out lengthier punishments when an individual is convicted of such crimes.This type of approach represents which definition of crime?

A)the "black letter" definition of crime
B)the social definition of crime
C)the normative definition of crime
D)the social constructionist definition of crime

Question 18

Joanne is convicted of her third break and entering offence in the past two years.At Joanne's sentencing hearing the Crown prosecutor focuses her argument upon what the length of the sentence should be,while the defence attorney looks specifically at Joanne's addiction and poor family environment and requests that his client be given probation so she can attend counselling in the community.What is the Crown prosecutor ignoring in her presentation?

A)the social context of Joanne's behaviour
B)the legal context of Joanne's criminal activities
C)the "black letter" definition of crime
D)the appropriate sentence of incarceration for Joanne

Question 19

What is the primary concern of substantive justice?

A)the accuracy of the verdict
B)the number of charges laid by the police
C)the fairness of the procedures
D)the role of the victim(s)

Question 20

What was demonstrated by the Supreme Court of Canada's decision in the Robert Latimer case?

A)that a Charter of Rights and Freedoms violation was present but the violation was necessary to protect society's weak,vulnerable,and disabled
B)that the judiciary are compassionate when it comes to cases involving euthanasia
C)that it is futile to sentence individuals to a term of imprisonment in cases involving euthanasia
D)that mercy killing is legally murder,whatever the motive

Question 21

What is the primary concern of procedural justice?

A)the truthfulness of the allegation
B)the accuracy of the verdict
C)the fairness of the decision-making procedure
D)the appropriateness of the sentence

Question 22

What criminal justice goal requires just laws and the even-handed administration of fair processes for the enforcement of the law?

A)the proper scope of the law
B)the operation of the criminal justice system to maintain faith in its moral legitimacy
C)the achievement of justice
D)to reduce the amount of crime

Question 23

Which of the following is an example of the informal justice approach?

A)mediation and arbitration services
B)bail court
C)plea bargaining
D)legal aid services

Question 24

Which goal of the criminal justice system is involved when alternative dispute resolutions are being used?

A)to confront fear
B)to reduce the amount of crime
C)to achieve justice
D)to maintain moral legitimacy in the system

Question 25

What type of justice has been violated when an individual is found to have been wrongfully convicted?

A)criminal justice
B)fundamental justice
C)substantive justice
D)procedural justice

Question 26

The crime control model resembles an assembly line process.How does this model perceive the defendants throughout the process?

A)guilty
B)innocent
C)acquitted
D)blameless

Question 27

Which model of the criminal justice system most closely resembles the way most people view the system?

A)due process model
B)crime control model
C)punitive model
D)medical (rehabilitation)model

Question 28

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of the rule of law?

A)all trials must be conducted within 9 months of charges
B)youth and adult trials should take place in separate courts
C)trials should be conducted fairly at every stage of the trial process
D)a person must be seen by the court within at least 48 hours after arrest

Question 29

Which of the following describes the goal of the criminal justice system that is focused on the response to crime?

A)perceptions of injustice within the criminal justice system are seen as problematic
B)to reduce crime,the best approach is one that is immediate
C)the criminal justice system should be used only if the behaviour in question is criminal
D)laws must be just and the response fair

Question 30

A law surrounding texting and driving (distracted driving)was recently created in Ontario.Additionally,changes to the fine and the addition of three demerit points were implemented.Advertising and news stories communicated these changes to the public.Which element of the rule of law does this example demonstrate?

A)foundation of law
B)character of law
C)institution of law
D)scope of law

Question 31

What does the crime control model believe is the purpose of the criminal justice system?

A)to reduce the number of criminals on the street
B)the presumption of innocence
C)to treat offenders fairly
D)the presumption of guilt

Question 32

When various groups and individuals perceive that some aspects of the criminal justice system are unjust,what goal of criminal justice is being questioned?

A)the proper scope of the crime response
B)the achievement of justice
C)maintaining faith in the moral legitimacy of the justice system
D)the reduction in the amount of crime

Question 33

A member of parliament discovers that his relative has broken the law.He approaches his longtime friend,Justice Bloom,in the hope he will get his relative's charges dropped.He expresses to the justice that their friendship should help with an exemption from the law for his relative.Justice Bloom explains there are no exemptions from the law regardless of who you are.Which element of the rule of law does this example demonstrate?

A)foundation of law
B)character of law
C)institution of law
D)scope of law

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT a goal of the due process model?

A)to limit prosecutorial and judicial discretion
B)to protect individuals from the powers of the state
C)to control the activities of prosecutors and judges
D)to limit and control the powers of the police

Question 35

Larry has been charged and convicted of a drug offence.He has had multiple charges surrounding drug use.Once Larry is convicted,the court system and correctional system assess him and recommend appropriate treatment programs.Which model of criminal justice does this fall under?

A)the due process model
B)the bureaucratic model
C)the non-punitive model
D)the medical model

Question 36

Which of the following is a goal of the crime control model of criminal justice?

A)to ensure that all criminal justice agencies are following the rule of law
B)to ensure that all criminal justice agencies are properly controlled
C)to deter crime
D)to increase the number of police officers

Question 37

Citizens living in a small town in southern Ontario have noticed quite an increase in drug use among teenagers.They approach their local leaders to express their collective desire for the police to "get tough on crime" and their view that the criminal justice system is "weak on criminals." This situation is an example of which model of the criminal justice system?

A)the due process model
B)the bureaucratic model
C)the punitive model
D)the crime control model

Question 38

Which of the following is a policy of the due process model?

A)to increase the number of police officers
B)to make sure that the powers of all agencies are controlled
C)to give criminal justice agencies more legal powers
D)to increase the length of sentences

Question 39

Which one of the following is NOT an element of the rule of law?

A)scope of law
B)character of law
C)institution of law
D)foundation of law

Question 40

Overall,where does Canada rank in terms of the rule of law in the world?

A)tied for fourth
B)tied for ninth
C)tied for eleventh
D)tied for fifteenth

Question 41

What court has the greatest authority in any criminal matter in Canada?

A)Supreme Court of Canada
B)Superior Court of Justice
C)Appeal Court
D)Court of Queen's Bench

Question 42

What population is needed for a city to form and maintain its own municipal police force?

A)more than 5,000 people
B)more than 10,000 people
C)more than 15,000 people
D)more than 20,000 people

Question 43

What is the first court most Canadians encounter when charged with a criminal offence?

A)provincial
B)superior
C)civil
D)family

Question 44

Kim was travelling down the 401 at a speed of 130 kilometres per hour.When she passed Cobourg,she was pulled over by the police and issued a ticket.Which branch of police issued Kim her ticket?

A)municipal
B)provincial
C)federal
D)provincial and federal combined

Question 45

In which situation can a police officer in charge at the police station to which an accused is taken NOT use his or her discretion to release the suspect?

A)if the justice of the peace determines otherwise
B)if the suspect is charged with a criminal offence punishable by imprisonment of 25 years of more
C)if the suspect is felt to pose a threat to the public
D)if the suspect has no prior violent offences

Question 46

In 2013,what percentage of all sworn police personnel were employed by municipal police services?

A)34 percent
B)52 percent
C)66 percent
D)80 percent

Question 47

Janet Able,a 15-year-old high school student,robbed a neighbourhood gas station and took off with both money and goods from the store.She was identified and located by police because the gas station had a video of her break-in.Which Canadian court is most likely to hear this case?

A)provincial
B)superior
C)federal
D)court of appeal

Question 48

After the police have collected enough evidence to implicate someone as an offender,what do they do in order to obtain an arrest warrant?

A)lay an information
B)issue a summons
C)issue an appearance notice
D)ensure the accused will receive a bail hearing

Question 49

Which court hears the majority of criminal cases in Canada?

A)superior
B)supreme
C)federal
D)provincial

Question 50

Mike is sentenced to a three-year period of incarceration for committing a crime.He decides to appeal his case.Where will Mike be placed pending his appeal?

A)a federal correctional facility
B)a community correctional facility
C)a provincial facility
D)at home on a home confinement order

Question 51

What are the two major parts of the Canadian system of criminal procedure?

A)pretrial procedure and trial procedure
B)substantive justice and procedural justice
C)constitutional law and statute law
D)the courts and corrections

Question 52

What are people most commonly referring to when they speak of the primary principle of the justice model?

A)the punishment should be proportional
B)the length of time it takes to get a criminal case to court
C)the ability of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms to hold individuals accountable for their actions
D)that offenders receive the punishment that they deserve

Question 53

Which of the following is NOT a main purpose for arresting someone?

A)to ensure the accused appears in a criminal court
B)to stop the accused from any further crimes
C)to determine the person's guilt and innocence through court
D)to rid society of crime and dangerous criminals

Question 54

Bill would like a career in law enforcement that involves providing protection for migratory birds,a federal statute.Which law enforcement agency should Bill belong to?

A)the RCMP
B)the Ontario Provincial Police
C)a city police service
D)a private security firm

Question 55

Bill is charged with second degree murder.What court will hear his case?

A)provincial
B)superior
C)administrative
D)appeal

Question 56

When victims of crime complain about the lack of adequate services for victims within the criminal justice system,what goal of criminal justice are they focusing upon?

A)the achievement of justice
B)the proper scope of the crime response
C)to reduce the amount of crime
D)to confront fear

Question 57

Which model states that all citizens are equal before the law and are to be protected from arbitrary decisions by individuals working in the criminal justice system?

A)justice model
B)criminal justice model
C)fairness model
D)punishment model

Question 58

Which three major agencies comprise the Canadian criminal justice system?

A)the police,the courts,and corrections
B)the arrest,the charges,and the courts
C)the people,the legislature,and parliament
D)the police,the legislature,and corrections

Question 59

Under which circumstance would police officers need not arrest an individual?

A)the offence in question is an indictable offence that allows the accused to choose a jury trial
B)there is no warrant
C)the offence in question is a summary conviction offence
D)there are no eyewitnesses to the alleged offence

Question 60

When can a police officer arrest an individual without a warrant?

A)if an officer thinks an individual has committed a summary conviction offence
B)if an officer cannot verify that there is an outstanding warrant for the arrest of an individual
C)if an officer discovers someone in the process of committing any criminal offence
D)if there is an order from an official from the office of the Minster of Justice

Question 61

Which of the following is granted to most inmates after serving two-thirds of their sentence?

A)statutory release
B)probation
C)full parole
D)day parole

Question 62

In which of the following do members of the courtroom work group "make sense" of the individuals and cases being processed through the courts in an assessment that may only in part be influenced by legal criteria?

A)secondary victimization
B)normal crimes
C)courtroom group discretion
D)crime funnel effect

Question 63

Which term refers to the right of the accused to change their mind about the type of trial they want to have?

A)re-negotiated opportunity
B)re-certification
C)re-election
D)re-entitlement

Question 64

The trials of Russell Williams,Clifford Olson,Karla Homolka,and Robert Pickton are examples of celebrated Canadian cases.Upon which level of the wedding cake would these cases be included?

A)Level 1
B)Level 2
C)Level 3
D)Level 4

Question 65

Which of the following ensures that the accused appears at her trial while permitting her to participate in the development of her defence?

A)a summons
B)bail
C)an information
D)an arrest

Question 66

Ericson and Baranek (1982)argue that the formal system operates only in theory,therefore "legal justice" does not exist.What form of justice do most defendants receive?

A)"solid justice"
B)"bargain justice"
C)"reduced justice"
D)"compact justice"

Question 67

When the system operates like a wedding cake,which level includes the less serious crimes?

A)Level 1
B)Level 2
C)Level 3
D)Level 4

Question 68

Which type of discrimination results from the organizational policies within criminal justice agencies?

A)individual discrimination
B)systemic discrimination
C)contextual discrimination
D)institutionalized discrimination

Question 69

Which of the following is a characteristic of the courtroom work group?

A)the speed of the proceedings is not emphasized
B)publicity is valued
C)the formal rules of procedure are always followed
D)guilt is presumed

Question 70

When an accused has the right to choose between trial by judge alone and trial by judge and jury,what does the charge involve?

A)a summary offence
B)an indictable offence
C)an election indictable offence
D)a primary offence

Question 71

Which of the following describes how the informal processing of an accused person in our criminal justice system is looked at?

A)horizontally
B)vertically
C)left to right
D)right to left

Question 72

Which statement best describes the criminal justice funnel?

A)a judge decides to sentence many people with incarceration
B)the prosecutors usually have ample evidence to proceed with charges
C)a judge believes every crime is serious enough for charges
D)the prosecutors usually don't have ample evidence to proceed with charges

Question 73

Carly is told there will be a preliminary inquiry regarding her actions.What does her lawyer explain is the purpose of this type of inquiry?

A)to determine the guilt or innocence of an individual
B)to determine whether enough evidence exists to send an accused to trial
C)to enter a plea
D)to obtain bail

Question 74

What was discovered in the 1984 study by the Law Reform Commission of Canada regarding preliminary inquiries?

A)that fewer than 10 percent of preliminary inquiries resulted in a plea of guilty once the case reached the actual court trial
B)that crimes were committed by desperate people
C)that 50 percent of preliminary inquiries resulted in a plea of guilty once the court reached the actual court trial
D)that more than 70 percent of preliminary inquiries resulted in a plea of guilty once the court reached the actual court trial

Question 75

A prosecutor and a defence lawyer were in attendance at court.They had worked with each other and with the various other courtroom personnel over many different cases.In fact,professional bonds had formed among many of the personnel.What is the term that describes this cohesive group of people?

A)courtroom work group
B)courtroom personnel group
C)courtroom workforce group
D)courtroom employee group

Question 76

An administrator reviews the court processing of all adults during the past year in her jurisdiction.After analyzing all of the data,she discovers that almost all of the individuals processed are young.What has she discovered about the court processing of individuals based on their age?

A)disparity
B)systemic discrimination
C)institutionalized discrimination
D)contextual discrimination

Question 77

Which type of discrimination is mainly concerned with system outcomes or results?

A)systemic discrimination
B)individual discrimination
C)contextual discrimination
D)institutionalized discrimination

Question 78

According to the Law Reform Commission,what is the reality of the criminal justice system?

A)"reality surpasses aspiration"
B)"reality equals aspiration"
C)"no correlation exists between reality and aspiration"
D)"reality falls short of aspiration"

Question 79

How many of the 70 robbers Desroches interviewed pleaded guilty in provincial court?

A)70 percent
B)77 percent
C)83 percent
D)90 percent

Question 80

Which of the following terms means that an accused cannot be tried on that information and proceedings on that information are terminated?

A)inquiry
B)exclusion
C)arraignment
D)discharge