Deck 11: Offenders Supervised in the Community

Question 1

In 2011-12,what percentage of sentences handed down involved probation?

A)35 percent
B)40 percent
C)45 percent
D)50 percent

Answer 1

A

Question 2

According to the Criminal Code,when can a conditional sentence be imposed?

A)when the Criminal Code doesn't specify a minimum term of imprisonment
B)when the Criminal Code sets a minimum term of two years' imprisonment
C)when the Court sets a minimum term of five years' imprisonment
D)when the Court imposes a sentence of over five years

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In 1974,Robert Martinson published an article questioning the very existence of rehabilitation.Which phrase became an instance cliché for critics?

A)"nothing works"
B)"everything works"
C)"rehabilitation works"
D)"zero works"

Answer 3

A

Question 4

By 1984,how many states in the U.S.had abolished parole?

A)10
B)11
C)12
D)13

Question 5

What is the maximum length of a probation order for adult offenders?

A)1 year
B)2 years
C)3 years
D)4 years

Question 6

Brittany is a judge who decides there is a possibility that an offender is a high-risk threat to the safety of the community.For how many years can she place the offender on probation?

A)7
B)10
C)12
D)15

Question 7

What was the most common offence in the category of crimes against property receiving the sentence of probation during 2011-12?

A)break and enter
B)mischief
C)theft under $5,000
D)fraud

Question 8

What was the most common offence in the category of crimes against the person receiving the sentence of probation during 2011-12?

A)stalking
B)assault with a weapon
C)kidnapping
D)uttering threats

Question 9

In 2010-11,what was the most common point of entry in four of the six provinces studied?

A)remand
B)sentenced custody
C)community supervision
D)probation

Question 10

Which level of government is responsible for the administration of adult correctional services in Canada?

A)federal
B)provincial
C)territorial
D)federal and provincial/territorial

Question 11

In which of the following is a probation order imposed with another punishment?

A)dual sentence
B)split sentence
C)multiple sentence
D)divided sentence

Question 12

What is the median length of probation orders in Canada?

A)6 months
B)12 months
C)18 months
D)24 months

Question 13

James receives probation that contains optional conditions for his sentence.Which of the following is an optional condition of a probation order?

A)remaining within a particular location
B)keeping the peace
C)drug counselling
D)notifying the court of an address change

Question 14

In 2011-12,what percentage of all guilty cases received probation either on its own or in combination with other sanctions?

A)45 percent
B)50 percent
C)55 percent
D)60 percent

Question 15

What property crime had a median length of a probation order that exceeded one year in 2010-11?

A)theft
B)break and enter
C)possession of stolen property
D)breach of probation

Question 16

What was the most common offence in the category of "other Criminal Code" receiving the sentence of probation during 2011-12?

A)prostitution
B)mischief
C)failure to pay a fine
D)failure to contact a probation officer

Question 17

What consideration did conditional sentences place into the sentencing process?

A)deterrence
B)rehabilitation
C)healing
D)restoration

Question 18

In 2011-12,which province/territory had the highest count of adults on probation and conditional sentences?

A)Prince Edward Island
B)Manitoba
C)Ontario
D)British Columbia

Question 19

Which level of government is responsible for the administration of probation in Canada?

A)federal
B)provincial
C)territorial
D)federal and provincial/territorial

Question 20

John is a judge and is sentencing an individual to probation for committing a violent crime.Which of the following is a basis for his decision?

A)the offence was not serious
B)the offender had a lengthy stay in remand
C)there was no need to protect the community
D)no room was available to incarcerate the offender

Question 21

According to Gendreau and Little,which of the following is necessary for intermediate sanctions to be successful?

A)they must be extensive
B)they must be based on the social roots of criminal behaviour
C)they must be lacking in accountability
D)they must be structured

Question 22

What approach has traditionally been used by community corrections as a means to deal with offenders?

A)rehabilitation
B)deterrence
C)justice model
D)restorative justice

Question 23

John has been sentenced with intensive supervision probation.How often does John need to meet with his probation officer?

A)multiple times a week
B)weekly
C)bi-weekly
D)monthly

Question 24

What is the most common form of intermediate punishment?

A)home confinement
B)intensive supervision probation
C)electronic monitoring
D)incarceration

Question 25

What are intensive supervision probation programs designed for?

A)punishment
B)leniency
C)restoration
D)rehabilitation

Question 26

What is the primary objective of probation?

A)restorative justice
B)deterrence
C)incapacitation
D)rehabilitation

Question 27

When a judge sentences an individual to a conditional sentence,which of the following principles are they intending to fulfill?

A)restorative justice
B)denunciation
C)incapacitation
D)healing

Question 28

Corrine has been given a conditional sentence for the crime she recently committed.Which of the following is an example of an optional condition she might be given?

A)substance abuse treatment
B)law-abiding behaviour
C)appear in court when ordered
D)notify the court of any change of address

Question 29

What occurs when offenders are diverted into a new program even though they are not really the individuals for whom the program was originally intended?

A)least restrictive alternative
B)net widening
C)parsimony
D)alternative sanctions

Question 30

Why have intermediate sanctions become so popular?

A)some locations require participants to help pay for the program
B)there are increased rates of deterrence
C)the root causes of crime can be dealt with more effectively
D)they increase the length of sentences

Question 31

Which of the following is an optional condition for a conditional sentence?

A)appearing before the court when so ordered
B)reporting to a probation officer when so ordered
C)informing the court of a change of address
D)providing care for dependants

Question 32

Intermediate sanctions were originally based upon what perspective?

A)deterrence
B)selective incapacitation
C)justice model
D)healing

Question 33

Which of the following is a component of the "penal harm movement" according to Clear?

A)the root causes of crime will be discovered
B)chromic offenders will be rehabilitated
C)society will be safer with more people incarcerated
D)more effective programs to rehabilitative offenders will be developed

Question 34

According to Petersilia,which of the following assumptions was the basis for the rapid expansion of intensive supervision probation programs?

A)less emphasis upon crime control compared to regular probation
B)programs are more cost-effective
C)most offenders present only a minimum risk
D)supervision of offenders is strictly enforced

Question 35

According to Morris and Tonry,how are sentences that result from intermediate punishments perceived?

A)as punishment-based
B)as harmful
C)as inequitable
D)as proportional

Question 36

Offences for which the law prescribes a maximum sentence of what amount of time were excluded from being used under Bill C-10?

A)14 years or life
B)10 years
C)2 years
D)5 years

Question 37

Which principle characterizes intensive supervision probation systems?

A)supervision is limited
B)supervision is incomplete
C)supervision is rarely enforced
D)supervision is ubiquitous

Question 38

What is documented in the evaluation studies of intensive supervision probation programs?

A)most program participants were prison-bound offenders
B)recidivism rates were lower when a rehabilitation component was included
C)program participation led to a decrease in criminal activity
D)re-arrest rates of program participants decreased when they were placed under increased control

Question 39

How many clients would a probation officer usually have in an intensive supervision probation program?

A)1 to 14
B)15 to 40
C)41 to 55
D)56 to 70

Question 40

The study by Roberts and Gabor about national impact of the use of net widening in conditional sentences documented what degree of increase in the practice?

A)52 percent
B)25 percent
C)12 percent
D)1 percent

Question 41

At what time can an inmate apply for full parole in the federal correctional system?

A)after serving half of his/her time or seven years
B)after serving one-third of his/her time or five years
C)after serving one-third of his/her time or seven years
D)after serving half of his/her time or five years

Question 42

What type of fine satisfies the idea of proportionality by assessing an offender's net income as well as the seriousness of the crime?

A)day fines
B)current flexible-income fines
C)fine evaluation programs
D)current fixed-income fines

Question 43

Due to high unemployment,fines are not a reasonable option for which group of offenders?

A)Black
B)Aboriginal
C)Hispanic
D)Caucasian

Question 44

How many participants has Ontario had in its electronic monitoring program?

A)100
B)150
C)200
D)250

Question 45

In 2012,what was the estimated number of offenders in the United States wearing some type of electronic monitor?

A)200,000
B)300,000
C)400,000
D)500,000

Question 46

What was the most common offence in the category of crime against the person that involved a fine included in the sentence during 2011-12?

A)uttering threats
B)aggravated assault
C)robbery
D)sexual assault Level 1

Question 47

In 2011-12,what was the median amount for all fines?

A)$250
B)$500
C)$800
D)$1,000

Question 48

According to Petersilia and Turner,the large number of technical violations,revocations,and incarcerations and the cost of court appearances resulted in intermediate sanctions programs being how much more expensive than routine probation and parole supervision?

A)twice as much
B)three times as much
C)four times as much
D)five times as much

Question 49

How much on average did Renzema and Skelton say the fee was to offenders participating in intermediate punishments?

A)$150
B)$200
C)$250
D)$300

Question 50

The CSC has decided to implement a new program in 2015 for high-risk criminals.Paul is arrested and convicted of a high-risk crime.Which of the following might Paul's sentence involve?

A)home confinement
B)probation
C)parole
D)electronic monitoring

Question 51

In what case did the Supreme Court hold that conditional sentences should include house arrest as the norm?

A)R.v.Proulx
B)R.v.Phillon
C)R.v.Gladue
D)R.v.Wells

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT a goal that is considered in evaluating intermediate sanctions?

A)reducing prison populations
B)saving money
C)raising money
D)deterring crime

Question 53

Darren is designing an intermediate sanction program.What type of cost savings as compared to regular probation should he expect,based on the research of Petersilia and Turner?

A)no cost savings whatsoever
B)minimal cost savings
C)significant cost savings
D)significant cost savings,but only for property offenders

Question 54

What have intensive supervision probation programs succeeded in achieving according to Tonry?

A)the goal of deterrence
B)latent bureaucratic goals
C)courtroom workgroup goals
D)public safety goals

Question 55

When do federal and provincial/territorial offenders become eligible for parole?

A)three months before they are eligible for full parole
B)six months before they are eligible for full parole
C)nine months before they are eligible for full parole
D)one year before they are eligible for full parole

Question 56

Jason is a judge who has sentenced many offenders to home confinement and electronic monitoring programs.What would be his traditional target group?

A)property offenders
B)low-risk offenders
C)high-risk offenders
D)medium-risk offenders

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT a conditional release program?

A)full parole
B)day parole
C)temporary absences
D)home confinement

Question 58

In 2011-12,fines were imposed in what percentage of guilty cases in Canada?

A)29 percent
B)31 percent
C)46 percent
D)57 percent

Question 59

During 2011-12,sentences of a fine were most frequently imposed on which types of cases?

A)impaired driving
B)drug possession
C)Criminal Code traffic offences
D)failure to appear

Question 60

What did the study of intensive supervision probation programs by Gendreau and Little document?

A)the programs must be structured
B)high-risk clients fared no better than regular probationers
C)offenders on intensive supervision probation programs had higher recidivism rates
D)offenders on intensive supervision probation programs received fewer rehabilitation services

Question 61

Which of the following is a factor that the Parole Board of Canada uses to measure the effectiveness of conditional release?

A)post-warrant expiry recidivism
B)the rate of refusal of offenders to go on any type of conditional release program
C)the reduction of criminogenic needs of offenders
D)pre-warrant expiry recidivism

Question 62

The administration of adult correctional services in Canada is a shared responsibility between the federal and provincial/territorial governments.

Question 63

Many of the community corrections programs are available across Canada and in every jurisdiction.

Question 64

Which common principle and practice of problem-solving courts would have an offender participate in a tailored job-training service?

A)community engagement
B)collaboration
C)individualized justice
D)accountability

Question 65

Which of the following is NOT an example of a reason for a temporary absence?

A)medical
B)family and community contact
C)religious
D)administrative

Question 66

Rottman (1996)identified one type of community court where certain types of criminal cases went back into the community through the use of local or "branch" courts.Where is the most famous example of this approach located?

A)New York City
B)Boston
C)Chicago
D)Miami

Question 67

In most years,what percentage of applications succeed in being granted parole?

A)fewer than 25 percent
B)fewer than 50 percent
C)fewer than 60 percent
D)fewer than 75 percent

Question 68

The majority of convicted people spend their sentence incarcerated.

Question 69

Since 2000-01,the rate of adult offenders in the community has declined.

Question 70

Which of the following focuses upon the belief that crime is also a social problem that impacts life within the community?

A)community justice
B)community policing
C)community denunciation
D)community efficacy

Question 71

Which of the following is NOT a goal of community-oriented lawyering?

A)prevention and reduction of disorder and crime
B)restoration of victims and communities
C)empowerment of local citizens
D)empowerment of local court workers

Question 72

Which common principle and practice of problem-solving courts would have an offender participate in regular compliance monitoring?

A)community engagement
B)collaboration
C)individualized justice
D)accountability

Question 73

Which of the following is NOT a key aspect of problem-solving courts?

A)individualized justice
B)less treatment
C)offender accountability
D)support by participants of procedural justice

Question 74

Which group of inmates did Howard Sapers,the Correctional Investigator,note had increased in numbers due to the government abolishing APR?

A)non-violent offenders
B)violent offenders
C)male offenders
D)female offenders

Question 75

In 2010-11,what percentage of women offenders received some mental health care intervention as reported by Correctional Service Canada?

A)50 percent
B)62 percent
C)69 percent
D)78 percent

Question 76

A judge is able to suspend a sentence for an offence that has a specific minimum punishment.

Question 77

Probation is based on the idea that some offenders do not threaten the safety of the public.

Question 78

Beginning in 1975,parole was abolished in a number of American states.

Question 79

Michael's father has fallen ill with cancer and only has three months to live.What type of temporary absence could Michael seek?

A)medical
B)compassionate
C)administrative
D)family and community contact

Question 80

Which conditional release program had the highest recidivism rates for both men and women during 2012-13?

A)day parole
B)statutory release
C)unescorted temporary absences
D)full parole