Deck 11: Learners With Blindness or Low Vision

Question 1

The watery substance found between the cornea and lens of the eye is the

A)aqueous humor.
B)vitreous humor.
C)cornea.
D)iris.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

As an exceptionality of children,blindness is

A)one of the most prevalent exceptionalities.
B)about average in prevalence compared to other sensory exceptionalities.
C)the least prevalent exceptionalities.
D)increasing rapidly in prevalence.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A person who is legally blind has a visual acuity,at the most,of

A)20/80.
B)20/120.
C)20/200.
D)20/1000.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Three limitations of the Snellen chart used to measure visual acuity include all of the following EXCEPT

A)visual acuity does not always correspond with how a student uses vision in natural settings.
B)it only measures acuity for distant objects.
C)it is generally considered to be cultural biased.
D)visual acuity does not always correspond to visual efficiency.

Question 5

The legal definition of blindness involves assessment of

A)colour perception and visual acuity.
B)field of vision and depth perception.
C)visual acuity and field of vision.
D)depth perception and colour perception.

Question 6

Even though he has visual acuity of 20/20,Jeff is considered legally blind.This is possible if he has severely restricted

A)angular vision.
B)peripheral vision.
C)partial vision.
D)tunnel vision.

Question 7

A common criticism of legal definitions of blindness is that visual acuity

A)is difficult to measure objectively.
B)doesn't predict how well people use their remaining sight.
C)is defined in different ways by different professionals.
D)doesn't provide information about the cause of blindness.

Question 8

The majority of people who are blind

A)use braille.
B)are dependent and helpless.
C)can actually see.
D)depend on guide dogs to take them where they want to go.

Question 9

The educational definition of blindness and low vision stresses

A)the method of reading instruction.
B)using visual acuity as a predictor of how people will function.
C)the method of vision assessment.
D)using whatever remaining sight a person has.

Question 10

Many students who are legally blind would not be considered blind from an educational perspective because they

A)have a coexisting condition.
B)are able to use vision for learning.
C)are able to read Braille.
D)are able to use hearing for learning.

Question 11

The retina is

A)the contractile opening in the middle of the iris.
B)the coloured portion of the eye that contracts or expands depending on the amount of light striking it.
C)the back portion of the eye containing nerve fibers connected to the optic nerve.
D)a transparent cover in front of the iris and pupil.

Question 12

The coloured portion of the eye that contracts or expands depending on the amount of light striking it is the

A)pupil.
B)lens.
C)iris.
D)cornea.

Question 13

The pupil is

A)the contractile opening in the middle of the iris.
B)the watery substance in the eye.
C)the transparent gelatinous substance in the eye.
D)a transparent cover in the front of the lens.

Question 14

Before reaching the optic nerve,light rays reflecting off an object being seen pass through all of the following EXCEPT

A)cornea.
B)pupil.
C)lens.
D)myopic humor.

Question 15

Blindness occurs most often in

A)adulthood.
B)adolescence.
C)early childhood.
D)pre-adolescence.

Question 16

In Canada,of individuals identified with an exceptionality,the prevalence rate of vision difficulties is approximately

A)1%.
B)5%.
C)10%.
D)15%.

Question 17

The transparent cover in front of the iris and pupil which performs the major part of the bending of the light rays so that the image will be focused is the

A)retina.
B)aqueous humor.
C)cornea.
D)lens.

Question 18

For educational purposes,individuals who are blind

A)are able to use a magnifying device.
B)can still read print if it is large enough.
C)have absolutely no sight.
D)must use braille or aural methods.

Question 19

The structure in the eye which refines and changes the focus of the light rays is the

A)lens.
B)pupil.
C)vitreous humor.
D)retina.

Question 20

In general,people who are blind

A)have superior musical ability.
B)have an extra sense that enables them to detect obstacles.
C)make better use of acuity in their other senses.
D)automatically develop superior powers of concentration.

Question 21

As a result of improper muscle functioning,Zelda's eyes are misaligned.This description suggests which one of the following conditions?

A)strabismus
B)coloboma
C)retinitis pigmentosa
D)nystagmus

Question 22

The condition that results when the cornea or lens of the eye is irregular resulting in blurred vision is known as

A)myopia.
B)hyperopia.
C)astigmatism.
D)glaucoma.

Question 23

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)is caused by

A)premature birth.
B)excessive oxygen given to infants at birth.
C)fetal alcohol syndrome.
D)degenerative hereditary disease.

Question 24

In comparison to sighted children,language development for children who are blind

A)has a few subtle differences.
B)differs with regard to all major aspects of language.
C)is significantly slower,but similar in stages of development.
D)is not restricted by their lack of visual experiences.

Question 25

People with sight can facilitate communication with people who are blind by

A)using "telephone skills" when conversing in person.
B)telling the person who is blind when they are smiling.
C)avoiding use of visual cues such as smiling.
D)eliminating reference to sight or colour.

Question 26

For individuals who are blind,the term 'obstacle sense' refers to

A)their ability to detect physical obstructions in the environment.
B)the development of a an additional,compensatory sense.
C)the practice of memorizing the layout of objects in a room.
D)the use of a guide dog to help avoid obstructions.

Question 27

The most common tool for measuring visual acuity for distant objects is the

A)Diagnostic Assessment Procedure (DAP).
B)Snellen chart.
C)Optacon.
D)Stanford-Binet.

Question 28

Most professionals now agree that the intelligence of people with blindness

A)is usually higher than that of people with sight.
B)is markedly lower than that of people with sight.
C)is slightly lower than that of people with sight.
D)can't be compared directly to that of people with sight.

Question 29

People who are blind

A)develop better acuity in their other senses.
B)are superior to sighted people in musical ability.
C)have lowered thresholds for sensation in touch and hearing.
D)learn to make better use of the sensations they obtain.

Question 30

The lower achievement scores of students who are blind or who have low vision is most likely due to

A)their visual problem itself.
B)their listening skills.
C)emphasis on using braille forms of achievement tests.
D)low expectations.

Question 31

Janice is described as being able to detect some objects in the environment when they are fully lit.This is an example of a skill a teacher might note when performing a

A)functional vision assessment.
B)functional acuity assessment.
C)visual efficiency assessment.
D)visual sensitivity assessment.

Question 32

A condition characterized by wide fluctuations in day-to-day visual abilities is

A)cortical visual impairment.
B)strabismus.
C)retinitis pigmentosa.
D)nystagmus.

Question 33

Clara has good vision for assignments written on the blackboard,but she has difficulty with the print in her textbook.She may have a refraction problem known as

A)myopia.
B)hyperopia.
C)astigmatism.
D)glaucoma.

Question 34

David has myopia.Another term for this condition is

A)nearsightedness.
B)farsightedness.
C)blurred vision.
D)colour blindness.

Question 35

A hereditary disease that usually causes the field of vision to narrow and also affects night vision is

A)diabetic retinopathy.
B)nystagmus.
C)cortical visual impairment.
D)retinitis pigmentosa.

Question 36

Social adjustment problems for children with visual impairment are most likely the result of

A)inherent personality problems.
B)society's reaction to people who are blind.
C)stereotypic behaviours.
D)blindisms which cannot be controlled.

Question 37

When walking,Lisa,an eighteen year-old who is blind,has learned to attend to the subtle changes in pitch of echoes from objects as she moves towards them.Which phenomenon is responsible for these changes?

A)obstacle sense
B)Doppler effect
C)echolalia
D)tactual perception

Question 38

Which of the following statements about the conceptual abilities of children with visual impairment is true?

A)It is relatively simple to assess the conceptual abilities of children with visual impairments.
B)Infants with visual impairments develop at the same pace as their sighted peers.
C)Individuals with visual impairments need to seek out environmental information.
D)Infants with visual impairments rely on sound to develop conceptual understandings.

Question 39

A skill used by people who are blind to aid them in acquiring mobility is

A)sequential mapping.
B)spatial ability.
C)Doppler effect.
D)tactual perception.

Question 40

If vision is blurred and the lens of the eye appears cloudy,which one of the following would be the most probable diagnosis?

A)myopia
B)cataracts
C)glaucoma
D)astigmatism

Question 41

When guiding a person who is blind,you should

A)take his or her arm and push him/her ahead of you.
B)let the person take your arm and walk slightly behind you.
C)walk at a slower pace than normal.
D)allow the person to go through a door ahead of you.

Question 42

The basic unit of braille is a

A)single dot.
B)word.
C)cell of dots.
D)circular array of dots.

Question 43

Magnifying devices for close vision include all of the following EXCEPT

A)closed circuit television scanners.
B)hand held magnifiers.
C)glasses.
D)large print books.

Question 44

Which educational consideration requiring special modifications for students with little or no sight refers to a skill needed more for everyday living than for academics?

A)Braille
B)use of remaining sight
C)listening skills
D)mobility training

Question 45

Repetitive movements such as rocking,rubbing the eyes,and grimacing displayed by some people who are blind are known as

A)blindisms.
B)redundant behaviour.
C)stereotypic behaviour.
D)perseverations.

Question 46

All of the following are true of a long cane used by individuals with visual impairments EXCEPT

A)it requires intensive training in it's proper use.
B)it is constructed according to exact specifications.
C)it is not appropriate for use by children.
D)it provides the user with auditory and tactual information.

Question 47

Use of compressed speech enables students with blindness to

A)listen to recorded texts at a faster rate.
B)tape record reports rather than type them.
C)develop better listening skills.
D)participate more fully in class discussions.

Question 48

Oscar,a ninth grader who is blind,uses a device that converts regular print into synthesized speech.What is the machine called?

A)Descriptive Video Service
B)VersaBraille
C)Kurzweil 1000
D)Kurzweil Personal Reader

Question 49

Students with visual impairments may require modifications in all of the following areas EXCEPT

A)emotional regulation.
B)braille.
C)listening skills.
D)orientation training.

Question 50

The World Wide Web can present difficulties for some individuals with visual impairments because of

A)the small fonts.
B)the increased use of graphics.
C)the complex language.
D)the overwhelming amount of information.

Question 51

Which of the following statements about technology that holds relevance for people who are blind or who have low vision is true?

A)Finding a specific section of a text is easier with a tape recording than with braille.
B)Looking up words in a dictionary is easier with a tape recording than with braille.
C)Computers have not replaced pen and pencil for people who are sighted.
D)There currently exists an artificial vision system that is more useful than the long cane.

Question 52

All of the following are appropriate actions pertaining to guide dogs and their owners EXCEPT

A)patting the dog after asking the owner's permission.
B)approaching the person on the side opposite from the dog.
C)asking the person if he or she needs assistance before offering it.
D)holding the dog's harness when you are asked to lead the person somewhere.

Question 53

An advantage of using guide dogs is that

A)they require extensive training.
B)they walk fast.
C)they detect obstacles sooner than a cane.
D)the dog leads so the person who is blind does not have to remember as many locations.

Question 54

The major disadvantage of large-print books is that they

A)take up a great deal of storage space.
B)are not available in libraries.
C)encourage students to be dependent on them.
D)take much longer to read.

Question 55

Research indicates that adults who learned braille in childhood as their primary medium for reading

A)were employed at about half the rate of those who primarily used print.
B)were employed at twice the rate of those who primarily used print.
C)were employed at about the same rate as those who primarily used print.
D)were employed at about a quarter of the rate of those who primarily used print.

Question 56

Approximately what percent of the population of people with blindness currently uses braille as a primary reading method?

A)10%
B)35%
C)65%
D)85%

Question 57

The braille code currently used for most everyday situations is

A)literary braille.
B)technical braille.
C)unified braille.
D)traditional braille.

Question 58

Explanations for the stereotypic behaviours of individuals who are blind include all of the following EXCEPT

A)they are an attempt to provide stimulation.
B)they are an attempt to self regulate one's stimulation.
C)they stabilize the person's arousal level.
D)they are a reaction to pain caused by some types of blindness.

Question 59

Historically,classes for students with low vision were designed to

A)encourage students to use their vision as much as possible.
B)instruct students in using large-print books.
C)prevent students from using the eyes too much.
D)teach adaptive strategies such as holding books close to the eyes.

Question 60

Most experts agree that students who are visually impaired

A)should be educated in residential schools.
B)should attend classes specifically for students with visual impairments.
C)should be educated in the same general way as sighted children.
D)will require few modifications.

Question 61

Historically,residential institutions were the preferred means of service delivery because they

A)offered a number of specialized services in one place.
B)provided more opportunities for social development.
C)maximized the academic achievement of students with visual impairment.
D)reduced the burden on families of caring for a child with blindness.

Question 62

With regard to social interactions,children with visual impairments will require

A)guide dogs.
B)facilitation by teachers.
C)itinerant teacher services.
D)technological devices.

Question 63

A person who is legally blind has visual acuity of 20/200 or less in the better eye even with correction.

Question 64

Impediments to independent living for people with visual impairments include all of the following EXCEPT

A)paternalistic attitudes.
B)accessible pedestrian signals (APSs)
C)attributing 'super' strengths to average accomplishments.
D)cognitive deficits.

Question 65

All of the following are true regarding the parents of infants with visual impairment EXCEPT

A)they should assist with the development of mobility skills.
B)they should be responsive to their infant's vocalizations.
C)they may need support in coping with their reactions.
D)they should take the training required to become itinerant teachers.

Question 66

Each of the following is an accommodation that can be made on the job for those who are blind or who have low vision EXCEPT

A)better lighting.
B)prompt snow removal.
C)obstacle-free hallways.
D)more time off.

Question 67

Visual efficiency is measured using the Snellen chart.

Question 68

Blindness is the least prevalent of all childhood exceptionalities.

Question 69

Itinerant teachers are more likely to be used in the area of visual impairment than in other areas of exceptionality primarily because

A)most classroom modifications are a matter of common sense.
B)blindness is a low prevalence condition.
C)there are not enough teachers trained in Braille to accommodate the number of students who need training in Braille.
D)regular classroom teachers can be easily trained to deal with the special needs of students with visual impairment.

Question 70

Blindness is one of the most feared conditions,ranked only below cancer and AIDS.

Question 71

Blindness is primarily an adult exceptionality.

Question 72

With appropriate transition programming,students with visual impairment can expect to

A)find menial work.
B)hold any type of job.
C)remain in a home setting.
D)succeed in sheltered workshops.

Question 73

There appears to be a delay in the very earliest stages of language for some infants with visual impairments.

Question 74

The majority of people who are legally blind have some useful vision.

Question 75

Most authorities believe that lack of vision significantly alters the ability to understand and use language.

Question 76

Very few people who are blind have learned to use Braille.

Question 77

Professionals who work in early intervention programs for infants who are blind often recommend that initial efforts focus on

A)feeding skills.
B)mobility skills.
C)parents' feelings.
D)motor development.

Question 78

The most common visual problems are the result of errors of refraction.

Question 79

For students who have a visual impairment,itinerant teacher services

A)are typically provided in the general education classroom.
B)require that students attend a specialized program.
C)prohibit them from fully participating in school.
D)cannot generally handle the large number of diagnosed students.

Question 80

In Canada,of students identified with an exceptionality,those with vision difficulties comprise approximately 20%.