Deck 12: Learners With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Question 1

Each of the following is included within autism spectrum disorders EXCEPT

A)childhood disintegrative disorder.
B)pervasive developmental disorder.
C)Asperger syndrome.
D)Butler's disorder.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Neurological research that involves the brain and head size of people with autism strongly suggests that for many

A)their brains are larger than average at birth.
B)their brains increase in size after about age five years.
C)their brains grow suddenly and excessively in the first two years of life.
D)their brains reach maximum size around age two or three years.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Autism spectrum disorder and pervasive developmental disorder are characterized by varying degrees of impairment in each of the following areas EXCEPT

A)social interactions.
B)gross motor skills.
C)communication of ideas and feelings.
D)repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behaviour.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The seminal work in the field of autism began in what year?

A)1923
B)1933
C)1943
D)1953

Question 5

A disorder characterized by normal development for up to 4 years,followed by regression and intellectual disabilities,and that is much more common among females is

A)Asperger syndrome.
B)Rett syndrome.
C)childhood disintegrative disorder.
D)pervasive developmental disorder.

Question 6

Which statement about the definition of autism is true?

A)It is often characterized by stereotyped patterns of behaviours.
B)It often manifests itself in late childhood.
C)It includes impairment in verbal but not nonverbal communication.
D)It often includes students with serious emotional disturbance.

Question 7

The term used in Canada to describe the subset of pervasive disorders that includes autism is

A)autism spectrum disorder.
B)autism subset disorder.
C)autism disorder.
D)autism developmental disorder.

Question 8

During the 1960s,which cause was popular among professionals trying to explain autism?

A)home environment
B)biological basis
C)neurological basis
D)childhood inoculations

Question 9

Asperger identified children with "autistic psychopathy." These children had

A)average intelligence but channeled their intellectual pursuits into obsessive preoccupation in narrow areas.
B)superior intelligence but channeled their intellectual pursuits into obsessive preoccupation in narrow areas.
C)below average intelligence but remarkable ability in a particular area.
D)below average intelligence and a tendency toward violent,psychotic behaviour.

Question 10

A diagnostic criterion for autism is that it is diagnosed by the time a child is

A)2 years old.
B)4 years old.
C)3 years old.
D)1 year old.

Question 11

The words 'autistic' and 'autism' come from the Greek word 'autos,' meaning

A)cars.
B)withdrawn.
C)others.
D)self.

Question 12

When girls are diagnosed with autism,they are more likely to have

A)cognitive deficits.
B)better long-term outcomes.
C)average intelligence.
D)more severe behaviour problems.

Question 13

In Canada,the prevalence rate for autism is approximately 20 in

A)100.
B)1000.
C)10000.
D)100000.

Question 14

A condition characterized by normal development for at least 2 and up to 10 years,followed by a significant loss of skills,and that is much more prevalent in males is

A)Asperger syndrome.
B)Rett syndrome.
C)childhood disintegrative disorder.
D)pervasive developmental disorder.

Question 15

In Kanner's seminal work,he distinguished a small group children he termed 'autistic' from those with

A)schizophrenia.
B)psychotic disorder.
C)intellectual disabilities.
D)Asperger's Syndrome.

Question 16

A condition in which persons display behaviours typical of autism but to a lesser degree and/or with an onset later than 3 years of age is

A)Asperger syndrome.
B)Rett syndrome.
C)childhood disintegrative disorder.
D)pervasive developmental disorder NOS.

Question 17

The autism spectrum disorder that is most prevalent in Canada is

A)Rett syndrome.
B)autism.
C)Asperger's syndrome.
D)childhood disintegrative disorder.

Question 18

Which statement about the causes of autism spectrum disorder is true?

A)Autism spectrum disorder is likely caused by parental attitudes and behaviours.
B)Scientists have established unequivocally that the cause is neurological.
C)Psychoanalytic ideas attribute autism to brain malfunction.
D)Childhood inoculations have been proven to cause autism in some cases.

Question 19

Which of the following statements illustrates evidence for autism having an hereditary component?

A)"Refrigerator mothers" have been shown to have had mothers who were also "cold" and uninvolved.
B)Identical twins are much more likely to both have autism than are fraternal twins.
C)When one family member has autism,the chances are 10 times higher that another family member has autism than in the population as a whole.
D)Family members of those with autism are less likely to have a preference for routines than people in general.

Question 20

A condition that is much like mild autism but usually without significant delays in cognition and language is

A)Asperger syndrome.
B)Rett syndrome.
C)childhood disintegrative disorder.
D)pervasive developmental disorder.

Question 21

Repetitive,ritualistic motor movements such as twirling,flapping hands,and rocking are know as

A)impaired social responsiveness.
B)impaired communication.
C)stereotypic behaviours.
D)Kanner behaviours.

Question 22

Someone who exhibits echolalia would

A)reverse pronouns.
B)parrot what he or she hears.
C)sound robotic when speaking.
D)speak too loudly.

Question 23

Classic autism is relatively easy to diagnose because

A)there is a metabolic test that can be performed.
B)brain scans clearly indicate the areas of the brain affected.
C)intelligence tests can be used to pinpoint specific conditions.
D)the behavioural symptoms are so severe and striking.

Question 24

What percentage of the population of children with autism are thought to be mute?

A)about 10%
B)about 25%
C)about 50%
D)about 75%

Question 25

Each of the following is a characteristic that applies generally to individuals who may be said to exhibit autism spectrum disorder EXCEPT

A)impaired social responsiveness.
B)impaired communication.
C)stereotyped and ritualistic behaviours.
D)impaired gross motor development.

Question 26

Direct instruction includes each of the following components EXCEPT

A)using structured lessons.
B)whole class lessons.
C)frequent reinforcement.
D)frequent correction.

Question 27

Jeremy has severe autism.He does not interact with others socially and his intellectual functioning appears to be very low.However,Jeremy has extraordinary ability as a pianist.Which term best describes Jeremy?

A)Asperger syndrome
B)idiot savant
C)autistic savant
D)autistic genius

Question 28

Educators of students with disorder are putting increasing emphasis on applying behavioural psychology in

A)structured settings and controlled environments.
B)normalized situations and normalized locations.
C)natural settings and natural interactions.
D)natural settings and in-vitro interactions.

Question 29

The desire to communicate for social reasons is

A)pragmatic language.
B)communicative intent.
C)echolalia.
D)conversational impetus.

Question 30

The way people use language in social situations is referred to as

A)communicative intent.
B)semantics.
C)pragmatics.
D)syntax.

Question 31

Jean is a young woman with Asperger's syndrome.Her coworker recently lost a family member to cancer.Jean expounded on her knowledge of the cause and effects of the illness,but did not offer condolences,nor did she notice the discomfort she was causing her coworker.Jean's inability to perceive the feelings or to understand the emotional state of her coworker is related to

A)theory of central coherence.
B)theory of empathy.
C)theory of mind.
D)theory of executive functioning.

Question 32

A person whose sensory perceptions are so abnormal that he or she could appear to be deaf or blind would be

A)hyporesponsive.
B)hyperresponsive.
C)overresponsive.
D)hypersensitive.

Question 33

Executive functions include all of the following EXCEPT

A)ability to conceptualize stimuli as a whole.
B)working memory.
C)the ability to plan ahead.
D)self-regulation of emotions.

Question 34

The natural inclination for most people to bring order and meaning to information in their environment by perceiving it as a meaningful whole rather than as disparate parts is referred to as

A)lateral coherence.
B)central coherence.
C)lateral adherence.
D)central synthesis.

Question 35

"Johnny is standing by himself.I think he might like to play with you.Go over and ask him to play." These instructions are an example of

A)cartooning.
B)social interpretations.
C)coaching.
D)a conversation starter.

Question 36

Two strategies for teaching social skills to students with Asperger syndrome that have been relatively successful are

A)social interpreting and coaching.
B)peer tutoring and counselling.
C)collaborative grouping and peer response.
D)social skills films and lectures.

Question 37

During an unplanned visit to the library,Jim,a student with autism,began screaming and banging his head on the wall.Analyzing the situation to determine what may have preceded the outburst is an example of

A)functional behavioural assessment.
B)positive behavioural support.
C)instruction in natural settings.
D)direct instruction.

Question 38

Which of the following statements about intelligence and autism is true?

A)Intelligence does not appear to be affected by autism.
B)About 20% of individuals with autism have intellectual disabilities as well.
C)People with autism are unusually intelligent as a group.
D)The majority of individuals with autism have cognitive delays.

Question 39

When Jim's brother told him to "Take a hike!" in response to an annoying behaviour,Jim began to lace up his hiking boots.This illustrates Jim's difficulties interpreting

A)idioms.
B)nonverbal cues.
C)metaphors.
D)hidden curriculum.

Question 40

Which of the following is a research-based suggestion for promoting educational success of students with autism?

A)Create a predictable environment that is built upon consistent routines .
B)Discourage other students from engaging the student with autism as this can be too upsetting.
C)Do not let the student spend time during the school day with an object that they are obsessed with.
D)Present instructional tasks as whole units rather than smaller components to avoid distracting the student with too many stimuli.

Question 41

According to the National Research Council,each of the following is considered an essential feature of effective educational programs for students with disorders EXCEPT

A)entry into intervention programs as soon as diagnosis is seriously considered.
B)inclusion of a family component,including parent training.
C)low student/teacher ratios in the classroom.
D)active engagement in intensive instructional programming for at least 10 hours per week.

Question 42

Rett syndrome is characterized by normal development for at least 2 and up to 10 years,followed by significant loss of skills.

Question 43

Autism spectrum disorders are presently believed to have a neurological basis.

Question 44

Unlike people with autism,people with Asperger syndrome do not have impaired communication skills.

Question 45

It is a myth that the brains of children with autism grow excessively in the first two years of life.

Question 46

Some people with autism spectrum disorder are highly intelligent and high achieving.

Question 47

Autism is a single,clearly-defined category of exceptionality.

Question 48

Most people with autism exhibit remarkable ability or talent in particular splinter skills,such as playing music,drawing,or calculating.

Question 49

Planning for transition to adulthood for people with Asperger syndrome is largely concerned with issues of

A)supported living.
B)competitive employment.
C)residential placement.
D)social interaction.

Question 50

Autism's symptoms tend to respond well to remediation by proven treatment methods.

Question 51

How is Asperger syndrome diagnosed,and why is it more difficult to assess than autism?

Question 52

List the three characteristics of all disorders that are classified as autism spectrum disorders.

Question 53

People with autism have a high incidence of brain seizures and cognitive deficits.

Question 54

Most scientists agree that there is an autism epidemic.

Question 55

The term "refrigerator mom" refers to the tendency of mothers to overfeed their children with autism.

Question 56

Evidence strongly indicates that there is a connection between the measles,mumps,rubella vaccine and autism.

Question 57

Studies are consistent in pointing to a higher prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in males than females.

Question 58

Only occasionally are the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder noticed before a child is two years old.

Question 59

Girls with autism are more likely than boys to have cognitive deficits.

Question 60

'Theory of mind' refers to a person's ability to explain,or convey,their perspective to others.

Question 61

Describe three strategies to help a student with autism be more included in a general education classroom.

Question 62

Describe how you could use a system like the Picture Exchange Communication System to improve the functional communication of a person with autism.

Question 63

Interpretive Exercise
Jessica was diagnosed with strong autistic tendencies when she was nearly 3 years old.Until she was about two and a half years old,she had been progressing normally,and then,all of a sudden,the development stopped and she even began to slip backward.Within a short period she lost her verbal abilities.
Recent causal theories attribute Jessica's exceptionality to

A)an unloving and detached mother.
B)traumatic brain injury.
C)neurological causes.
D)vaccinations.

Question 64

Why has autism been "fertile ground for faddish and unproven treatment methods?"

Question 65

Interpretive Exercise
Jessica was diagnosed with strong autistic tendencies when she was nearly 3 years old.Until she was about two and a half years old,she had been progressing normally,and then,all of a sudden,the development stopped and she even began to slip backward.Within a short period she lost her verbal abilities.
Write a descriptive case study of Jessica that illustrates: impaired social interaction,impaired communication,stereotyped and ritualistic behaviours,impaired cognition,and abnormal sensory perceptions.Rather than defining each of these characteristics,use examples of each to portray Jessica.

Question 66

Your text lists several examples of hidden curriculum.Explain this term and provide three original examples from your own experience.

Question 67

Interpretive Exercise
Jessica was diagnosed with strong autistic tendencies when she was nearly 3 years old.Until she was about two and a half years old,she had been progressing normally,and then,all of a sudden,the development stopped and she even began to slip backward.Within a short period she lost her verbal abilities.
Using language as a tool for social interaction will likely be a particular strength for Jessica.

Question 68

Interpretive Exercise
Jessica was diagnosed with strong autistic tendencies when she was nearly 3 years old.Until she was about two and a half years old,she had been progressing normally,and then,all of a sudden,the development stopped and she even began to slip backward.Within a short period she lost her verbal abilities.
Jessica is likely to have cognitive deficits similar to a person with an intellectual disability.

Question 69

Interpretive Exercise
Jessica was diagnosed with strong autistic tendencies when she was nearly 3 years old.Until she was about two and a half years old,she had been progressing normally,and then,all of a sudden,the development stopped and she even began to slip backward.Within a short period she lost her verbal abilities.
Which of the following conditions is the description of Jessica most consistent with?

A)Asperger syndrome
B)Rett syndrome
C)Down syndrome
D)TBI

Question 70

Briefly describe the three prominent theories that have been developed to explain the difficulties experienced by individuals with ASD.

Question 71

Describe the two types of strategies that have been successful in teaching social skills to students with Asperger syndrome and provide an example of each.