Deck 14: Leadership

Question 1

Which theory of leadership is also called the "great person" theory?

A) trait theory
B) behavioural theory
C) situational theory
D) path-goal theory

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Joyce is working out a five-year strategy for the company based on the direction she feels it should be headed.What is Joyce's role in the company?

A) leader
B) manager
C) supervisor
D) worker

Answer 2

A
Managers take a relatively short-term perspective,while leaders take a long-term one.

Question 3

Which of the following is a major concern of managers (as opposed to leaders)?

A) maintaining the status quo
B) inspiring and motivating others
C) taking a long-term view
D) promoting change

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following traits refers to the extent to which leaders are truthful with others?

A) honesty
B) self-confidence
C) emotional stability
D) charisma

Question 5

Which of the following has research at three universities confirmed as behaviours central to successful leadership?

A) initiating structure and consideration
B) initiating structure and job-centred leadership
C) employee-centred leadership and consideration
D) concern for production and job-centred leadership

Question 6

Oftentimes when an individual is running for a local political office,he or she promises to consider each issue,make decisions that are good for the entire community,and reduce taxes.When the individual assumes office,he or she is often unable to carry through on political promises.Which trait does this conflict with?

A) honesty
B) integrity
C) empathy
D) charisma

Question 7

When Jack Welch went to work for General Electric,he immediately began to make drastic changes in the company's structure and product lines.He envisioned a bloated,inefficient General Electric becoming an efficient,profitable organization over time.He inspired and motivated his employees to change.Which statement best defines Jack Welch?

A) Welch would be characterized as a leader.
B) Welch emphasized means rather than ends.
C) Welch acted as a builder rather than an architect.
D) Welch would be characterized as a manager.

Question 8

According to an article from CIO Magazine,"Leadership grows from courage and integrity." From which perspective does the article discuss leadership,given this opening statement?

A) the University of Michigan perspective
B) the trait theory viewpoint
C) the situational approach to leadership
D) the motivational approach to leadership

Question 9

Which of the following is a major concern of leaders (as opposed to managers)?

A) controlling and limiting the choices of others
B) solving problems so that work can be done
C) preserving the status quo
D) inspiring and motivating others

Question 10

Airline companies have blamed their recent financial problems on labour unions,the events of 9/11,and a weak economy.Those airlines in financial difficulties have tried to solve the problem through short-term price reductions,firings and early retirements,and requests for employees to take pay cuts.The CEOs of these companies have not tried to motivate employees to create long-term solutions to the problems facing them.Which statement most likely defines the CEOs of these troubled companies?

A) The CEOs are true leaders.
B) The CEOs are more interested in doing the right things than in doing things right.
C) The CEOs tend to focus on organizational visions, missions, goals, and objectives rather than organizational efficiency and productivity.
D) The CEOs are more than likely managers rather than leaders.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes successful business leaders?

A) Successful leaders prefer to follow but will lead when called upon to do so.
B) Successful leaders have emotional stability.
C) Successful leaders have general knowledge about business.
D) Successful leaders prefer independence.

Question 12

Which trait in a leader is manifested as decisive and assertive behaviour that tends to gain others' firm trust?

A) emotional stability
B) integrity
C) self-confidence
D) drive

Question 13

Which of the following is defined by effective managers as the process of influencing others to achieve group or organizational goals?

A) management
B) leadership
C) interpersonal influence
D) supervision

Question 14

Which trait refers to the tendency of leaders to remain even-tempered and consistent in their outlook and the way they treat others,even when things go wrong?

A) honesty
B) integrity
C) emotional stability
D) self-confidence

Question 15

The basis of which theory of leadership is formed by relatively stable characteristics,such as abilities,psychological motives,or consistent patterns of behaviour?

A) situational theory
B) behavioural theory
C) trait theory
D) expectancy theory

Question 16

What is another term for considerate leadership behaviour?

A) initiating structure behaviour
B) participative management
C) job-centred leadership
D) employee-centred leadership

Question 17

Lisa manages the brokers of a financial company.Each day brings a new series of challenges,particularly when the financial markets are in decline.The brokers become overwhelmed with client needs.Lisa is able to remain focused and calm while acting quickly to meet the needs of clients.Her brokers pick up on this,which helps them to remain calm and in control to get their jobs done.What trait of a leader does Lisa exhibit?

A) honesty
B) integrity
C) emotional stability
D) self-confidence

Question 18

One criticism of the television industry is the networks' desire to maintain ratings by thinking in terms of next week's programming.The networks are also more concerned with how to get high program ratings than achieving the ratings through giving viewers time to become acquainted with high-quality programs.Problem solving in terms of show placement or guest stars seems to be more important than inspiring great television innovations.What does this criticism assume?

A) Doing the right thing is more important than doing things right in the television industry.
B) The television industry benefits from strong leadership.
C) Long-term strategy is more important than tactics in the television industry.
D) The television industry has a shortage of effective leadership.

Question 19

Ford Motor Company has always attracted and nurtured capable managers,but it has failed to do the same for leaders.So,as part of the automaker's organizational cultural overhaul,Ford is embarking on a sweeping attempt to mass-manufacture leaders.It wants to build an army of "warrior-entrepreneurs." Which of the following will Ford's "warrior-entrepreneurs" be expected to do?

A) take a short-term perspective
B) inspire and motivate employees to embrace the status quo
C) focus on processes as opposed to results
D) be architects rather than builders

Question 20

Which trait refers to high levels of effort and is characterized by achievement,motivation,ambition,energy,tenacity,and initiative?

A) desire to lead
B) motivational cues
C) drive
D) self-confidence

Question 21

United Fruit Company is the owner of the Chiquita brand of bananas.To get the bananas picked,United Fruit used a leadership style that emphasized how the fruit was to be picked and packed for transportation.It showed no concern for the workers.What leadership style did it use?

A) achievement
B) charisma
C) consideration
D) initiating structure

Question 22

Which leadership theory is concerned with employee participation?

A) path-goal theory
B) normative decision theory
C) trait theory
D) the status quo theory of leadership

Question 23

Which of the following is an example of a situational theory of leadership?

A) stimulus-response theory
B) trait theory
C) Fiedler's contingency theory
D) equity theory of leadership

Question 24

What is another term for considerate leadership behaviour?

A) initiating structure behaviour
B) job-centred leadership
C) concern for people
D) concern for production

Question 25

Narrative 14-1
Larry Tobin is now president of Fairwinds Credit Union in Florida where he started as a part-time teller. He's learned to ignore one bit of advice he's frequently heard, "Work with what you have." Tobin doesn't accept that view. He subscribes to the philosophy that calls for "having the right people on the bus and the right people in the right seats on the bus." After Tobin assumed the helm at Fairwinds, he made several personnel changes.
Refer to the Narrative 14-1.Which of the following seems most important to Tobin?

A) situational favourableness
B) initiating structure
C) position power
D) goal commitment

Question 26

What two basic leader behaviours central to successful leadership can leaders adopt?

A) initiating structure and consideration
B) initiating structure and concern for production
C) consideration and honesty
D) concern for production and honesty

Question 27

What is another term for initiating structure leadership behaviour?

A) considerate leader behaviour
B) employee-centred leadership
C) concern for people
D) concern for production

Question 28

With respect to leader-member relations,task structure,and position power,when will group performance be the highest under a task-oriented leader?

A) when leader-member relations are good, task structure is low, and position power is weak
B) when leader-member relations are poor, task structure is high, and position power is strong
C) when leader-member relations are poor, task structure is high, and position power is weak
D) when leader-member relations are good, task structure is low, and position power is strong

Question 29

College football coaches design every facet of practices,set goals for their players,determine schedules,and even direct all of the plays during the games.What do these coaches rate high in?

A) achievement
B) consideration
C) charisma
D) initiating structure

Question 30

Which of the following is the best leadership style for all situations?

A) team management
B) middle-of-the-road management
C) authority-compliance
D) one that varies to suit the circumstances

Question 31

What is the term for the extent to which a leader is friendly,approachable,and supportive and shows concern for employees?

A) initiating structure
B) job-centred leadership
C) consideration
D) concern for production

Question 32

A Walter Reed Army Institute of Research study revealed the importance of military leaders being friendly with and showing concern for their troops.Its research showed this leadership behaviour positively influences soldiers' health and their ability to adapt to stressful environments.Which characteristic were effective military leaders showing?

A) achievement
B) charisma
C) consideration
D) initiating structure

Question 33

In Fiedler's contingency theory,what is the term for the degree to which leaders are able to hire,fire,reward,and punish workers?

A) situational favourableness
B) leader-member relations
C) task structure
D) position power

Question 34

A successful sports coach has to schedule structured practices,emphasize careful planning,and assign tasks.He also has to show the players that he genuinely cares about them as people.According to the Blake/Mouton grid,how would a good coach's management be characterized?

A) as authority-compliance
B) as country club management
C) as middle-of-the-road management
D) as team management

Question 35

Hot Topic is a fast-growing clothing chain targeted to the alternative teen demographic.Hot Topic's CEO Betsy McLaughlin relies on her employees to locate new trends.McLaughlin almost daily consults with her employees for suggestions on what the stores should carry.She relies on their input before making inventory decisions and treats her employees as equals.What is McLaughlin demonstrating?

A) achievement-orientation
B) consideration
C) charisma
D) initiating structure

Question 36

Doris Cunningham,CEO of Members Choice Federal Credit Union in West Virginia,believes keeping staff excited about the business they're in is one of a leader's primary roles.She believes a spirit of enthusiasm must start at the top."I've been in the movement for 35 years," she says."I have the credit union philosophy.And I really try to instill that in my employees." Which characteristic is Cunningham high in?

A) achievement
B) charisma
C) consideration
D) initiating structure

Question 37

In Fiedler's contingency theory,what is the term for the degree to which a particular circumstance either permits or denies a leader the chance to influence the behaviour of group members?

A) situational favourableness
B) leader-member relations
C) task structure
D) position power

Question 38

W.L.Gore is the company that created Gore-Tex,among many other innovative products.Gore employees (known as "associates")don't have titles or bosses in the traditional sense.Instead,associates make commitments to work on projects that they believe are most worthy of their time.At Gore,few leaders are appointed; leaders simply emerge as needed by the other employees or the project itself.Which theory of leadership does Gore more than likely adhere to?

A) contingency theory
B) normative theory
C) strategic theory
D) trait theory

Question 39

Which type of leader behaviour is a CEO who tours company plants to meet and talk to employees at all levels in order to better understand their concerns and feelings demonstrating?

A) consideration
B) leader formalization
C) autonomy
D) reciprocity

Question 40

Research shows that while initiating structure has an impact primarily on job performance,consideration has an impact primarily on which of the following?

A) job variety
B) job satisfaction
C) motivational drive
D) worker synergy

Question 41

Some employees called CEO Jack Welch "Bloody Jack" because his restructuring efforts at General Electric eliminated numerous jobs and product lines without thought to how individual employees would be affected.Welch was viewed as "the hatchet man," the source of the firings.Under Fiedler's contingency theory,what would General Electric's employees see Welch as having?

A) an emphasis on initiating structure
B) a relationship orientation
C) weak position power
D) strong position power

Question 42

Which approach to implementing Fiedler's contingency theory in the workplace has proven effective?

A) accurately measuring and matching leaders to situations
B) teaching managers how to change situational favourableness
C) adopting an arbitrary definition of situations
D) hiring only supervisors with appropriate leadership traits

Question 43

Hot Topic is a fast-growing clothing chain targeted to the alternative teen demographic.Hot Topic's CEO Betsy McLaughlin relies on her employees to locate new trends.McLaughlin consults almost daily with her employees for suggestions on what the stores should carry.She relies on their input before making inventory decisions.Which style of leadership does McLaughlin use?

A) achievement-oriented
B) autonomous
C) charismatic
D) participative

Question 44

According to the path-goal theory,which type of leadership involves setting challenging goals,having high expectations of employees,and displaying confidence that employees will assume responsibility and put forth extraordinary effort?

A) directive leadership
B) supportive leadership
C) participative leadership
D) achievement-oriented leadership

Question 45

According to the path-goal theory of leadership,which type of leadership lets employees know precisely what is expected of them,gives them specific guidelines for performing tasks,schedules work,sets standards of performance,and makes sure that people follow standard rules and regulations?

A) people-oriented leadership
B) supportive leadership
C) participative leadership
D) directive leadership

Question 46

Which of the following would subordinate satisfaction and subordinate performance be examples of in the path-goal theory of leadership?

A) leadership stimuli
B) subordinate contingencies
C) environmental contingencies
D) outcomes

Question 47

According to the path-goal theory of leadership,which type of leadership involves being friendly and approachable to employees,showing concern for them and their welfare,treating them as equals,and creating a friendly climate?

A) directive leadership
B) supportive leadership
C) participative leadership
D) achievement-oriented leadership

Question 48

Jeffrey Bleustein was the CEO who brought Harley-Davidson back from the brink of bankruptcy.Of his first years as CEO,Bleustein said,"I was quite a directive leader because we needed to make progress quickly." Which of the following would Bleustein likely have done?

A) He would have shown friendliness to his employees.
B) He would have told employees precisely what he expected them to do.
C) He would have used employees' inputs before making decisions.
D) He would have assumed his employees would take responsibility and put forth extraordinary effort.

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT a leadership style identified in the path-goal theory of leadership?

A) directive
B) supportive
C) participative
D) charismatic

Question 50

According to the path-goal theory of leadership,which of the following is similar to considerate leader behaviour?

A) directive leadership
B) supportive leadership
C) participative leadership
D) achievement-oriented leadership

Question 51

Jan Carlson,the former CEO of Scandinavian Airline Systems (SAS),believes the most important role for a leader is to instill confidence in people.According to path-goal theory,what is Carlson's leadership style?

A) directive
B) achievement-oriented
C) employee-centred
D) supportive

Question 52

Pat Kelly,founder and CEO of PSS World Medical,a distributor of medical products,establishes ambitious goals for his employees and is confident that his employees will be able to achieve these goals.Which type of leadership is Kelly exhibiting in terms of path-goal theory?

A) participative
B) achievement-oriented
C) delegating
D) empowering

Question 53

According to the path-goal theory,which type of leadership involves consulting employees for their suggestions and input before making decisions?

A) directive leadership
B) supportive leadership
C) participative leadership
D) consultative leadership

Question 54

According to which of the following do leaders need to make clear how followers can achieve organizational goals,take care of problems that prevent followers from achieving goals,and then find more and varied rewards to motivate followers who achieve those goals?

A) Fiedler's contingency theory
B) the Blake/Mouton leadership grid
C) the Vroom-Yetton-Jago normative decision model
D) the path-goal theory

Question 55

According to path-goal theory,which of the following is an example of an environmental contingency?

A) formal authority system
B) perceived ability
C) locus of control
D) subordinate satisfaction

Question 56

Narrative 14-1
Larry Tobin is now president of Fairwinds Credit Union in Florida where he started as a part-time teller. He's learned to ignore one bit of advice he's frequently heard, "Work with what you have." Tobin doesn't accept that view. He subscribes to the philosophy that calls for "having the right people on the bus and the right people in the right seats on the bus." After Tobin assumed the helm at Fairwinds, he made several personnel changes.
Refer to the Narrative 14-1.Which of the following defines Tobin's ability to make these personnel changes?

A) employee orientation
B) position power
C) goal specificity
D) instrumentality

Question 57

Under the leadership of Michael Eisner,Walt Disney Company developed an "executive-centric,Eisner-centric culture"-whatever Eisner wanted to happen,he made happen.In terms of path-goal theory,which leadership style did Eisner use to improve Disney's profitability?

A) an achievement-oriented style
B) a supportive style
C) a charismatic style
D) a directive style

Question 58

When Leon was hired to manage the distribution centre,his supervisor advised him that,if he wanted to be a successful leader,he should adopt these practices: "Do things that satisfy followers today or will lead to future rewards or satisfaction," and "Offer employees something unique and valuable beyond what they're experiencing or can already do for themselves." Which leadership theory does Leon's supervisor apparently believe to be best?

A) the trait theory of leadership
B) strategic leadership
C) the path-goal theory
D) the theory of initiating structure

Question 59

The CEO of Credit Suisse First Boston (CSFB)is John Mack.Mack is turning the money-losing bank into a profitable firm by "goading workers to move out of their comfort zones" and setting challenging goals for them.Which leadership style is Mack using,based on his high expectations for his employees?

A) achievement-oriented
B) supportive
C) charismatic
D) democratic

Question 60

Which of the following is an example of an environmental contingency in path-goal theory?

A) locus of control
B) subordinate experience
C) perceived ability
D) task structure

Question 61

Wendy is very happy to have Dave as her new manager in the shipping department.She knows she can count on Dave when orders pile up.He gets out of his office and helps his staff,showing he really cares about them.Which path-goal leadership style does Dave exhibit?

A) directive
B) supportive
C) participative
D) achievement-oriented

Question 62

What are the two types of visionary leadership?

A) tactical leadership and charismatic leadership
B) charismatic leadership and transformational leadership
C) tactical leadership and transactional leadership
D) transformational leadership and transactional leadership

Question 63

Some leaders control and manipulate followers,do what is best for themselves instead of their organizations,want to hear only positive feedback,share information that is beneficial only to themselves,and have moral standards that put their interests before everyone else's.Which type of leader is this?

A) manipulative charismatic
B) Machiavellian charismatic
C) unethical charismatic
D) illegitimate charismatic

Question 64

Which of the following is an example of a rule used within normative decision theory to increase decision quality?

A) the subordinate conflict rule
B) the goal congruence rule
C) the worker readiness rule
D) the commitment requirement rule

Question 65

Which of the following refers to the behavioural tendencies and personal characteristics of leaders who create exceptionally strong relationships between themselves and their followers?

A) consideration leadership
B) charismatic leadership
C) transactional leadership
D) transformational leadership

Question 66

Malcolm Thompson was brought in as the CEO of Novalux,a company involved in laser research,to save the company's promise of innovation.It's what he loves: turning ideas into companies,then shaping those businesses to meet evolving challenges."You're never done," he says."It always looks like you're near the finish line,but there are always new opportunities along the road-and new obstacles you'd never thought of.That's part of the exploration-constantly looking at the next problem and the next solution." Which of the following does Thompson seem to be an example of?

A) a leadership substitute
B) a trait leader
C) a leadership neutralizer
D) a visionary leader

Question 67

James Casey founded UPS in 1907 as a message delivery business.The development of the telephone would have put an end to the business if Casey had not been a leader who was able to get his employees to accomplish more than they had thought possible and reinvent the company as one that delivered goods for retailers.What type of leader was Casey?

A) transformational
B) substitute
C) participative
D) transactional

Question 68

Which of the following is leadership that creates a positive image of the future that motivates organizational members and provides direction for future planning and goal setting?

A) visionary leadership
B) supportive leadership
C) transactional leadership
D) achievement-oriented leadership

Question 69

Robert is the receiving manager of a housewares distribution company.A shipment of electric can openers arrives and he learns some may have defective electrical cords.Even though the shipment is required for a large customer order,unlike past receiving managers,Robert does not accept the shipment until the manufacturer can verify which items are defective so he can be sure none of these are shipped to the customer.What kind of visionary leadership does Robert exhibit?

A) ethical charismatic
B) unethical charismatic
C) transformational
D) transactional

Question 70

People with Machiavellian personalities believe that virtually any type of behaviour is acceptable if it helps satisfy needs or accomplish goals.What is the term for a leader with that personality type combined with the ability to create strong bonds with followers?

A) negative transformation leader
B) transactional leader
C) country club manager
D) unethical charismatic leader

Question 71

In The Science of Good and Evil,the author outlines his meeting with the founders of Google.He describes them as visionary leaders.Which of the following best describes the founders' primary goal for being in business?

A) to get rich
B) to show off their intelligence and expertise
C) to create a positive image of the future
D) to have as much free time as possible

Question 72

In many organizations,sales managers develop company-wide sales forecasts by asking members of the sales force to decide how much growth they anticipate in their individual sales territories.Sales managers then take the input from the individual salespeople and create company-wide sales forecasts based on the information supplied by their subordinates.In the normative decision model,which decision-making style would this be an example of?

A) consultative
B) group
C) autocratic
D) participative

Question 73

What are the two kinds of charismatic leaders?

A) ethical charismatics and unethical charismatics
B) effective charismatics and ineffective charismatics
C) transformational and transactional leaders
D) visionary and nonvisionary leaders

Question 74

Some psychologists contend that Democratic presidential nominee Al Gore lost the 2000 election because he lacked charisma.Which of the following statements best describes what the psychologists thought?

A) Gore did not have a vision.
B) Gore was not seen as uniquely special.
C) Gore had a participating leadership style.
D) Gore chose his leadership style on the basis of the situation.

Question 75

What is the term for the ability to anticipate,envision,maintain flexibility,plan,and work with others to initiate change that will create a positive future for the organization?

A) strategic leadership
B) initiating leadership
C) vision congruence
D) progressive leadership

Question 76

Trucking companies are facing labour shortages and unprecedented worker mobility.There is a need for leaders who will do more than simply manage or direct drivers,owner-operators,and the staff that supports them.Instead,leaders need to inspire,coach,encourage,and guide.They need to earn consensus by working as part of the team,providing resources to get the job done,then getting out of the way and letting their people perform.Which types of leaders do they need to be?

A) strategic
B) transactional
C) directive
D) autonomous

Question 77

The 1993 standoff between federal agents and people inside the Branch Davidian compound at Waco,Texas,resulted in the deaths of about 80 Branch Davidians,including leader David Koresh,who had declared himself the new messiah.What must Koresh have used to create the strong relationships between him and his followers who were willing to die for him?

A) transactional leadership
B) a leadership neutralizer
C) charismatic leadership
D) trait leadership

Question 78

To save Northwest Airlines from bankruptcy,CEO Doug Steenland has told airline employees that he will eliminate 53 percent of the company's mechanics and reduce the compensation of the remaining by 26 percent.What is Steenland doing in terms of the normative decision theory?

A) making consultative decisions
B) using a telling leadership style
C) making autocratic decisions
D) using a selling leadership style

Question 79

Which of the following leadership theories uses a decision tree to determine the appropriate level of participation by subordinates in decision making?

A) Fiedler's contingency theory
B) the Blake/Mouton leadership grid
C) the path-goal theory
D) Vroom-Yetton-Jago's normative decision model

Question 80

Which type of visionary leader generates awareness and acceptance of a group's purpose and mission and gets employees to see beyond their own needs and self-interests for the good of the group?

A) ethical charismatic
B) unethical charismatic
C) transformational
D) transactional