Deck 7: Becoming Gendered: The Early Years

Question 1

In the United States,a current theme in views of femininity is that women should establish closeness through talking with others in large relational networks.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Female babies tend to identify with their mothers and male babies tend to identify with their fathers.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Girls typically define their femininity in negative terms - as not masculine or not male.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

According to psychodynamic theory,families play a critical role in the formation of gender identity.

Question 5

Kami says to her friend on the phone,"I had no idea that being a grown-up was this hard.Once I finally get the baby calmed down,the work phone rings.Just as I get started working,Michael comes home from his job and wants to spend time together,which is wonderful,but then the baby needs attention again.Being the perfect mother,employee,and wife sometimes seems impossible." Her friend replied,"And don't forget we're supposed to love every second of it!" Kami and her friend are talking about which theme of femininity?

A) appearance still counts
B) being superwoman
C) being treated negatively by others
D) there is no single definition of femininity today
E) being sensitive

Question 6

Six-year old Damon feels afraid on his first camping trip with the Boy Scouts.He thinks to himself,"Boys aren't supposed to be afraid.My big brother says real men aren't afraid of anything.He told me if I got scared to just look mean and definitely don't ask to call Mom." Damon's thought process is best described as ____.

A) monitoring
B) social aggression
C) territoriality
D) ego boundaries
E) none of the above

Question 7

When fathers interact with their children,they tend to

A) Encourage gender-appropriate behaviors.
B) Focus more on playing than on care-taking.
C) Stretch children by encouraging them to achieve and take risks.
D) A and B
E) All of the above
)

Question 8

Men in the U.S.are seen as failing at masculinity if they try to transcend traditional notions of masculinity.

Question 9

According to some counselors,pressure to live up to ideals of masculinity has led to an epidemic of hidden male depression.

Question 10

The ability to view yourself and see your actions and thoughts from an outsider's perspective is called ____.

A) monitoring
B) internalization
C) self-as-object
D) ego boundaries
E) gender constancy

Question 11

Men cannot develop permeable ego boundaries because of their socialization.

Question 12

Which of the following is generally true of African-American parents?

A) Many African-American parents emphasize racial identity but not gender identity.
B) Many African-American parents are less stringent about rules and discipline than are European-American parents.
C) Daughters in African-American families headed by single women tend to have low self-esteem.
D) African-American mothers are more likely to consider their daughters their "best friends" than are European-American mothers.
E) All of the above.

Question 13

Which of the following is true,according to psychodynamic theory?

A) Children of both sexes usually form their first identification with an adult woman.
B) Boys identify more closely with their fathers than girls identify with their mothers.
C) For a girl to fully form her identity, she must repress her original identification with her mother.
D) At around the age of one year, male and female development diverges dramatically.
E) All of the above

Question 14

Which of the following statements accurately reflects what research has shown about parental communication with or about infants?

A) There is little difference in how parents tend to treat sons and daughters until the baby is about 12 months old.
B) Parents tend to talk to male babies more than they talk to female babies.
C) Parents tend to hold their babies for about the same amount of time regardless of the sex of the baby.
D) They tend to expect male babies to crawl sooner than female babies.
E) They tend to describe same-size babies in different terms based on the sex of the baby.

Question 15

Derek is frustrated because his girlfriend wants him to speak openly about his feelings,but his male friends make fun of him for showing.Which of the following elements of masculine socialization in the U.S.best describes both of these pressures Derek feels?

A) don't be female
B) be aggressive
C) follow the boy code
D) embody and transcend traditional views of masculinity
E) be successful

Question 16

What has research found about social aggression in girls?

A) It is often physical.
B) It includes spreading rumors.
C) It happens very infrequently.
D) It has decreased in the last 5 years.
E) It tends to end by the time girls are in high school.

Question 17

In the United States,people have a greater preference for sons than daughters.

Question 18

Even when people Kathy hardly knows tell her about their emotions and private lives she feels very connected to them.Kathy could be described as ____.

A) having thick (or rigid) ego boundaries
B) having thin (or permeable) ego boundaries
C) having unstable gender constancy
D) having an androgynous gender identification
E) having an unstable sense of self

Question 19

Sons perceive their fathers as more affectionate than fathers perceive themselves.

Question 20

Though many things have changed about gender over time,appearance is still a primary measure and marker of femininity.

Question 21

Identify the following:

-Social Aggression

Question 22

According to psychodynamic theory,how do most boys develop their gender identity?

Question 23

Identify the following:

-"Success-objects"

Question 24

Contemporary fathers are far more involved in their children's lives than were fathers of previous generations.Based on the ideas discussed in chapter seven,reflect on the implications this might have on the gender development of contemporary children.

Question 25

Children tend to be socialized into very strict gender roles.This socialization process and these expectations tend to be especially difficult for children who are gay,lesbian,bisexual,transgendered,intersexed,or otherwise genderqueer.Give an example of two specific difficulties that queer kids may face growing up as well as a potential response to help ease each issue,explaining how the response would directly impact the issue.

Question 26

Identify the following:

-Ego boundaries

Question 27

Identify the themes (or elements)of what it means to be feminine in the United States.As part of your explanation,be sure you provide brief,concrete examples for the five established themes and the recently emerging theme.Finally,discuss one way that parental/guardian communication about gender (as discussed in chapter 7 of Gendered Lives)may influence understanding of one or more of these themes.

Question 28

Identify the following:

-Self-as-object

Question 29

Identify the following:

-Identification

Question 30

Define ego boundaries and explain how they typically develop in masculine and feminine people,noting both similarities and differences in development.

Question 31

Identify the themes (or elements)of what it means to be masculine in the United States.As part of your explanation,be sure you provide brief,concrete examples for the five established themes and the recently emerging theme.Finally,discuss one way that parental/guardian communication about gender (as discussed in chapter 7 of Gendered Lives)may influence understanding of one or more of these themes.

Question 32

Identify the following:

-"Anatomy is destiny"