Deck 45: Chronic Disorders of Neurologic Function

Question 1

Parkinson disease is associated with

A) demyelination of CNS neurons.
B) a pyramidal nerve tract lesion.
C) insufficient production of acetylcholine in the basal ganglia.
D) a deficiency of dopamine in the substantia nigra.

Answer 1

a deficiency of dopamine in the substantia nigra.

Question 2

Seizures that involve both hemispheres at the outset are termed

A) partial.
B) complex.
C) focal.
D) generalized.

Answer 2

generalized.

Question 3

_________ is a form of spina bifida in which a saclike cyst filled with CSF protrudes through the spinal defect but does not involve the spinal cord.

A) Spina bifida occulta
B) Meningocele
C) Myelomeningocele
D) Meningomyelocele

Answer 3

Meningocele

Question 4

Before making a diagnosis of Alzheimer disease

A) a brain biopsy demonstrating organic changes is necessary.
B) biochemical tests for aluminum toxicity must be positive.
C) other potential causes of dementia must be ruled out.
D) increased protein is found in a lumbar puncture.

Question 5

The initial treatment of an individual experiencing a seizure is concentrated on

A) maintaining an airway.
B) administering anticonvulsant medication.
C) documenting the seizure pattern.
D) obtaining an EEG.

Question 6

Ascending paralysis with no loss of sensation is characteristic of

A) multiple sclerosis.
B) Guillain-Barré syndrome.
C) myasthenia gravis.
D) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Question 7

Upper extremity weakness in association with degeneration of CNS neurons is characteristic of

A) multiple sclerosis.
B) Guillain-Barré syndrome.
C) myasthenia gravis.
D) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Question 8

A patient who experiences early symptoms of muscle twitching,cramping,and stiffness of the hands may be demonstrating signs of

A) Guillain-Barré syndrome.
B) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
C) Parkinson disease.
D) hydrocephalus.

Question 9

The primary reason that prolonged seizure activity predisposes to ischemic brain damage is that

A) neurons are unable to transport glucose.
B) cardiovascular regulation is impaired.
C) the brainstem is depressed.
D) the lack of airway maintenance can lead to hypoxia.

Question 10

Autonomic dysreflexia is characterized by

A) hypertension and bradycardia.
B) hypotension and shock.
C) pallor and vasoconstriction above the level of injury.
D) extreme pain below the level of injury.

Question 11

The stage of spinal shock that follows spinal cord injury is characterized by

A) reflex urination and defecation.
B) autonomic dysreflexia.
C) absent spinal reflexes below the level of injury.
D) motor spasticity and hyperreflexia below the level of injury.

Question 12

The classic manifestations of Parkinson disease include

A) intention tremor and akinesia.
B) rest tremor and skeletal muscle rigidity.
C) ataxia and intention tremor.
D) skeletal muscle rigidity and intention tremor.

Question 13

What effect do demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis have on neurotransmission?

A) Slower rate of action potential conduction
B) Increased rate of action potential conduction
C) Facilitation of action potential initiation
D) Faster rate of repolarization

Question 14

Dopamine precursors and anticholinergics are all used in the management of Parkinson disease,because they

A) increase dopamine activity in the basal ganglia.
B) induce regeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia.
C) prevent progression of the disease.
D) produce excitation of basal ganglia structures.

Question 15

The dementia of Alzheimer disease is associated with structural changes in the brain,including

A) deposition of amyloid plaques in the brain.
B) degeneration of basal ganglia.
C) hypertrophy of frontal lobe neurons.
D) significant aluminum deposits in the brain.

Question 16

What type of seizure usually occurs in children and is characterized by brief staring spells?

A) Epileptic
B) Idiopathic
C) Partial
D) Absence

Question 17

It is true that Bell palsy is a

A) permanent facial paralysis after stroke.
B) painful neuropathic pain affecting the trigeminal nerve.
C) paralysis of the muscles innervated by the facial nerve.
D) herpetic outbreak in a facial dermatome.

Question 18

Steroids may be used in the management of acute exacerbation of symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis,because

A) viral damage can be inhibited.
B) demyelination is mediated by immune mechanisms.
C) steroids reverse the progression of the disease.
D) steroids inhibit synaptic degradation of neurotransmitters.

Question 19

Which neurologic disorder is commonly referred to as Lou Gehrig disease?

A) Multiple sclerosis
B) Parkinson disease
C) Alzheimer disease
D) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Question 20

It is recommended that women of childbearing age take folic acid daily for prevention of

A) neural tube defects.
B) seizure disorders.
C) cerebral palsy.
D) hydrocephalus.

Question 21

Orthostatic hypotension may be a manifestation of

A) Alzheimer disease.
B) multiple sclerosis.
C) Parkinson disease.
D) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Question 22

Which statement is true about the incidence of multiple sclerosis?

A) The age of onset ranges from 20 to 50 years.
B) MS is more common in men than women.
C) There is a higher incidence of MS in military veterans.
D) There is a higher rate of MS in African-Americans.

Question 23

Which are common causes of acquired parkinsonism? (Select all that apply.)

A) Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons
B) History of infection
C) History of intoxication
D) History of trauma
E) Seizure disorder

Question 24

Which conditions are risk factors for the development of cerebral palsy? (Select all that apply.)

A) Birth trauma
B) Seizure disorder
C) Kernicterus
D) Prenatal maternal infection
E) Scoliosis