Deck 5: Genome Structure, Regulation, and Tissue Differentiation

Question 1

An important difference between skeletal and cardiac muscle is that

A) cardiac muscle is not striated.
B) only skeletal muscle is dependent upon actin-myosin cross-bridging.
C) calcium does not leave the sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac cells.
D) cardiac muscle has calcium channels on the cell surface for calcium entry.

Answer 1

cardiac muscle has calcium channels on the cell surface for calcium entry.

Question 2

The differences in structure and function of cells in different body tissues are resulting from

A) gene differences in tissue cells.
B) expression of tissue-specific genes.
C) transcriptional controls.
D) translation of amino acids to proteins.

Answer 2

expression of tissue-specific genes.

Question 3

Protein synthesis involves (Select all that apply.)

A) direction from mRNA.
B) amino acid movement into the nucleus.
C) nucleotide triplets.
D) RNA polymerase.
E) removal of introns from the DNA template.

Answer 3

direction from mRNA.
nucleotide triplets.
RNA polymerase.
removal of introns from the DNA template.

Question 4

Approximately what percentage of the human DNA chromosomes code for proteins?

A) 1%
B) 10%
C) 50%
D) 80%

Question 5

Characteristics of stem cells include that they (Select all that apply.)

A) may differentiate into any type of cell.
B) reside only in the bone marrow.
C) have greater capacity to proliferate than more differentiated cells.
D) are dependent upon environmental cues for proliferation.
E) can die in the absence of an appropriate environment.

Question 6

The primary role of genes is to

A) code for reproduction.
B) direct the synthesis of proteins.
C) determine differentiation.
D) determine cellular apoptosis.

Question 7

Calcium channel blocker drugs are often used to treat conditions associated with (Select all that apply.)

A) cardiac muscle.
B) smooth muscle.
C) epithelial tissue.
D) nervous tissue.
E) connective tissue.

Question 8

Characteristics of cellular differentiation include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

A) Specialization for different functions
B) Enhanced ability to replicate
C) Influenced by memory of developmental events
D) Dependent on cell-to-cell coordination
E) Generally not reversible

Question 9

In DNA replication DNA polymerase functions to (Select all that apply.)

A) pry DNA apart.
B) unwind and separate the DNA strands.
C) prevent tangling of DNA strands as they unwind.
D) match appropriate bases to the template base.
E) proofread the newly developed DNA for errors in base pairing.

Question 10

Which tissue type is categorized as epithelial?

A) Tendons and ligaments
B) Blood cells
C) Blood vessel endothelium
D) Cartilage

Question 11

Characteristics of smooth muscle include

A) being under voluntary control.
B) having striations.
C) contraction being short-lived.
D) being found in blood vessels.