Deck 41: Diabetes Mellitus

Question 1

________ is the most powerful predictor of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus.

A) Aging
B) Obesity
C) Sedentary lifestyle
D) Cardiovascular disease

Answer 1

Obesity

Question 2

Insulin binding to its receptor on target cells results in

A) increased active transport of glucose into the cell.
B) glycogen breakdown within target cells.
C) increased facilitated cellular diffusion of glucose.
D) gluconeogenesis.

Answer 2

increased facilitated cellular diffusion of glucose.

Question 3

In the United States,nearly ________ people have diabetes mellitus.

A) 7 million
B) 29.1 million
C) 366 million
D) 176 billion

Answer 3

29.1 million

Question 4

The underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 2 diabetes is

A) pancreatic b-cell destruction.
B) insulin resistance and b-cell dysfunction.
C) lack of exercise and chronic overeating.
D) impaired glucose transport into cells.

Question 5

Diabetes mellitus is the ________ leading cause of death and a major cause of disability in the United States.

A) first
B) second
C) fourth
D) seventh

Question 6

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often associated with

A) nonketotic hyperosmolality.
B) childhood.
C) autoimmune destruction of the pancreas.
D) ketoacidosis.

Question 7

What indicator is most helpful in evaluating long-term blood glucose management in patients with diabetes mellitus?

A) Blood glucose levels
B) Urine glucose levels
C) Glycosylated hemoglobin levels (Hba₁c)
D) Clinical manifestations of hyperglycemia

Question 8

The breakdown of stored glycogen in the liver and muscles is called

A) glycolysis.
B) glycogenesis.
C) glycogenolysis.
D) gluconeogenesis.

Question 9

The therapies that would be appropriate for a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus include (Select all that apply.)

A) carbohydrate counting.
B) high-protein diet.
C) daily exercise.
D) insulin.
E) oral hypoglycemic agents.

Question 10

The American Diabetes Association recommends a postprandial blood glucose level of ________ mg/dL for adults with diabetes.

A) less than 180
B) more than 180
C) 70
D) 130

Question 11

Diabetic neuropathy is thought to result from

A) decreased myoinositol transport.
B) elevated Hba₁c.
C) deficient neuronal insulin receptors.
D) neuronal demyelination.

Question 12

Which are complications of diabetes mellitus that are microvascular? (Select all that apply.)

A) Cardiovascular disease
B) Retinopathy
C) Nephropathy
D) Neuropathy
E) Stroke

Question 13

A clinical finding consistent with a hypoglycemic reaction is

A) acetone breath.
B) warm, dry skin.
C) tremors.
D) hyperventilation.

Question 14

A type of insulin that would be most appropriate for acute management of hyperglycemia is

A) NPH.
B) Semilente.
C) regular.
D) Ultralente.

Question 15

In type I diabetes,respiratory compensation may occur through a process of

A) respiratory alkalosis.
B) respiratory acidosis.
C) metabolic acidosis.
D) metabolic alkalosis.

Question 16

Which are clinical findings usually associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus? (Select all that apply.)

A) Polyuria
B) Polydipsia
C) Polyphagia
D) Obesity
E) Weight gain

Question 17

Which are hormones that increase serum glucose level? (Select all that apply.)

A) Vasopressin
B) Glucagon
C) Growth hormone
D) Catecholamine
E) Corticosteroid

Question 18

The underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 1 diabetes is

A) pancreatic b-cell destruction.
B) lack of insulin receptors.
C) lack of exercise and chronic overeating.
D) impaired glucose transport into cells.

Question 19

Which insulin types are most commonly used in the rapid-acting category? (Select all that apply.)

A) NPH
B) Aspart
C) Glargine
D) Lispro
E) Regular