Deck 6: Extranuclear Inheritance, Imprinting, and Maternal Effect

Question 1

With the Igf-2 gene,which chromosome is imprinted and which is expressed?

A) paternal, paternal
B) paternal, maternal
C) maternal, paternal
D) maternal, maternal

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In maternal effect,the ________ of the mother determines the ________ of the offspring.

A) chloroplast; mitochondria
B) phenotype; genotype
C) genotype; phenotype
D) phenotype; sex
E) methylation; inheritance

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The inheritance of leaf pigmentation in the four-o'clock plant Mirabilis jalapa is an example of ________.

A) maternal effect
B) maternal inheritance
C) epigenic inheritance
D) imprinting

Answer 3

B

Question 4

mtDNA contains all of the genes necessary for the complete function of mitochondrial metabolism.

Question 5

Where does erasure and imprinting occur?

A) nurse cells
B) sperm cells
C) oocytes
D) somatic cells

Question 6

Where is extranuclear DNA located in mammalian cells?

A) endoplasmic reticulum
B) mitochondria
C) ribosome
D) plasma membrane

Question 7

What is a disease associated with extranuclear inheritance?

A) Angelman Syndrome
B) Prader-Willi Syndrome
C) LHON
D) Muscular Dystrophy

Question 8

Who is largely responsible for proposing the endosymbiosis theory?

A) Schimper, Wallin
B) Lyon, Margulis, Schimper
C) Schimper, Wallin, Barr
D) Barr, Lyon, Margulis

Question 9

Differentially methylated regions (DMRs)are associated with which of the following?

A) X-inactivation
B) genomic imprinting
C) maternal inheritance
D) extranuclear inheritance

Question 10

Both parents usually imprint the same gene.

Question 11

What controls the coiling of shells in snail offspring?

A) mother's phenotype
B) father's phenotype
C) mother's genotype
D) father's genotype

Question 12

Most imprinted genes are silenced.What is one exception to this rule?

A) H19
B) Igf-2
C) UBE3A
D) SNRPN

Question 13

Chlamydomonas was used as the model organism for the study of ________.

A) chloroplast inheritance
B) mitochondrial inheritance
C) genomic imprinting
D) methylation of DNA

Question 14

What type of inheritance is observed with extranuclear DNA?

A) mendelian inheritance
B) sex-linked inheritance
C) paternal inheritance
D) Inheritance patterns are based on cytoplasmic inheritance.

Question 15

Which of the following is primarily responsible for the maternal effect?

A) sperm cells
B) oocytes
C) nurse cells
D) placenta

Question 16

Monoallelic expression is associated with which of the following?

A) X-inactivation
B) genomic imprinting
C) maternal inheritance
D) extranuclear inheritance

Question 17

What is thought to be the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

A) cyan bacteria/purple bacteria
B) purple bacteria/fungus
C) purple bacteria/cyanobacteria
D) algae/cyanobacteria

Question 18

What are some diseases associated with imprinting?

A) Angelman Syndrome
B) LHON
C) Alzheimer's Disease

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding mt genomes?

A) They are approximately 17,000 bp in length in humans.
B) They are linear.
C) A single copy of the mt genome is found within the mitochondrial nucleus.
D) They have all the genes necessary for mitochondrial function.

Question 20

What is the molecular mechanism for imprinting a gene?

A) acetylation
B) nitration
C) phosphorylation
D) methylation

Question 21

R and r represent dominant and recessive alleles,respectively,for a gene that is imprinted. Imprinting of the allele occurs in the male and the allele is silenced when it is imprinted. Which mating would result in a ratio of 1:1 of dominant and recessive phenotypes in the offspring?

A) rr female x Rr male
B) RR female x rr male
C) Rr female x Rr male
D) rr female x RR male

Question 22

The symbiotic relationship where one organism lives inside another species is called 

A) endosymbiosis.
B) genomic imprinting.
C) cytoplasmic inheritance.
D) heteroplasmy.
E) exosymbiosis.

Question 23

Erasure of methylation occurs in the

A) mitochondria.
B) chloroplasts.
C) somatic cells.
D) gametes.

Question 24

Which mating of four-o'clock plants would produce progeny that were either green,variegated,or white if the color variation is due to a mutation in a chloroplast gene?

A) green female x variegated male
B) variegated female x green male
C) white female x white male
D) white female x green male

Question 25

Contribution of mitochondria by the sperm cell to the zygote is called 

A) heteroplasmy.
B) paternal leakage.
C) genomic imprinting.
D) paternal effect.
E) endosymbiosis.

Question 26

If a maternal effect gene has a dominant allele,and a recessive allele then a mother with a dominant phenotype will always produce offspring that have a dominant phenotype as well.

Question 27

What is the type of inheritance that is based on a reversible modification of genomic DNA that results in the alleles of only one parent being transcriptionally active?

A) maternal
B) epigenetic
C) cytoplasmic
D) extranuclear
E) mitochondrial

Question 28

A nurse cell is a cell that

A) lacks chloroplasts and mitochondria.
B) destroys defective oocytes during embryogenesis.
C) surrounds an oocyte during oogenesis.
D) a cell that will fix a mutation in another cell.
E) a cell that can repair its own DNA mutations.

Question 29

Heteroplasmy is associated with inheritance patterns involving ________.

A) ribosomes
B) maternal effect
C) genomic imprinting
D) nuclear genes
E) chloroplasts

Question 30

The inheritance patterns of genetic material that is not contained in the nucleus of the cell is called ________.

A) extranuclear inheritance
B) cytoplasmic inheritance
C) maternal effect
D) both extranuclear inheritance and cytoplasmic inheritance

Question 31

An example of genomic imprinting is

A) Leber hereditary optic neuropathy.
B) neurogenic muscle weakness.
C) snail coiling in water snails.
D) Angelman Syndrome.
E) bicoid gene in Drosophila.

Question 32

G and g are dominant and recessive alleles,respectively,for a gene. If a mating of a gg female with a Gg male resulted in offspring that all have the recessive phenotype,this would most likely be an example of

A) a recessive lethal gene.
B) a maternal effect gene.
C) environmental influence on phenotype.
D) imprinting which results in silencing of the maternal alleles.

Question 33

The symbiotic relationship of purple bacteria and cyanobacteria with eukaryotic cells was beneficial to both cell types.

Question 34

How is a chloroplast genome similar to a prokaryotic genome?

A) They are both circular.
B) They both code for all the proteins they need for functioning.
C) They are both linear.
D) There is only one chromosome per cell or chloroplast.

Question 35

The current molecular explanation for imprinting in mammals involves differential ________ of various DNA regions.

A) phosphorylation
B) mutations
C) endosymbiosis
D) methylation
E) heteroplasmy

Question 36

Diseases associated with mitochondria mutations in humans are usually 

A) paternally inherited.
B) imprinted.
C) fatal.
D) very common.
E) degenerative.