Deck 11: Molecular Structure of DNA and RNA

Question 1

The individuals who determined that Griffith's transforming principle was DNA were ________.

A) Hershey and Chase
B) Avery, Macleod, and McCarty
C) Watson and Crick
D) Creighton and McClintock

Answer 1

B

Question 2

DNA differs from RNA in which way?

A) the structure of the nucleotide
B) the five-carbon sugar it uses
C) the size of the phosphate groups
D) the number of bases attached to the sugar

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The researcher(s)who initially used X-ray diffraction to gather information on the DNA molecule was ________.

A) Franklin
B) Watson and Crick
C) Hershey and Chase
D) Pauling
E) Chargaff

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In a double-helix DNA strand,the adenine on one strand forms a hydrogen bond with a(n)________ on the other strand.

A) adenine
B) guanine
C) thymine
D) cytosine

Question 5

According to Chargaff's rule,if the DNA of a species contains 20% adenine,what percent of guanine will it contain?

A) 20%
B) 30%
C) 50%
D) 75%

Question 6

How many bases are necessary to complete one complete twist (360 degrees)of a DNA double helix?

A) 5
B) 10
C) 100
D) 1000

Question 7

Select the statements that are true about T2 phage.

A) It requires a host cell for replication.
B) It attaches to the cell wall of a target bacterium.
C) It injects the protein coat into the host cell.
D) New phages are made inside the host cell.
E) New phages are released by the process of lysis.

Question 8

The individual(s)who used ball-and-stick models to identify the three-dimensional structure of proteins was ________.

A) Franklin
B) Watson and Crick
C) Hershey and Chase
D) Pauling
E) Chargaff

Question 9

All nucleotides contain (check all that apply)

A) a phosphate group.
B) a five carbon sugar.
C) one of five nitrogenous bases.
D) a six-carbon sugar.

Question 10

The fact that the type R and S strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae that Griffith worked with possessed small differences in capsule structure satisfies which of the following criteria for genetic material?

A) transmission
B) replication
C) information
D) variation

Question 11

Select the statements that are true about the Hershey-Chase experiments.

A) They radioactively labeled the protein coat of the bacteriophage with ³⁵S.
B) They radioactively labeled the DNA of the bacteriophage with ³²P.
C) The results of the experiment indicated only the presence of ³⁵S in the cell.
D) The results suggested that DNA was the genetic material.

Question 12

Select the nucleotide found only in RNA.

A) cytosine
B) guanine
C) thymidine
D) adenine
E) uracil

Question 13

Frederick Griffith is responsible for discovering what process?

A) replication
B) transmission
C) transformation
D) transduction

Question 14

The building blocks of DNA are called ________.

A) amino acids
B) codons
C) nucleotides
D) alleles

Question 15

The first group of researchers to correctly identify the double-helix structure of DNA were ________.

A) McClintock and Franklin
B) Hershey and Chase
C) Pauling and Avery
D) Watson and Crick

Question 16

The fact that the two DNA strands are arranged in opposite orientations gives DNA its ________ characteristics.

A) antiparallel
B) complementary
C) redundant
D) water-soluble

Question 17

The backbone of the DNA molecule is formed by ________.

A) peptide bonds
B) ribose sugars
C) nitrogenous bases
D) phosphodiester bonds

Question 18

How is the directionality of a DNA molecule described based on the orientation of sugar molecules within the strand?

A) left to right
B) top to bottom
C) 5′ to 3′
D) A to T or G to C
E) All DNA molecules are different in their directionality.

Question 19

These individuals determined that DNA was the genetic material in T2 phage.

A) Hershey and Chase
B) Avery, Macleod, and McCarty
C) Watson and Crick
D) Creighton and McClintock

Question 20

What features of DNA were suggested by Rosalind Franklin's X-ray diffraction data?

A) It had a helical structure.
B) The helix had more than one strand.
C) The helix contained about 10 bases per turn.
D) The helices were antiparallel.

Question 21

The idea that the adenine and thymine bases of the DNA interact in some manner was first proposed by ________.

A) Watson and Crick
B) Franklin
C) Pauling
D) Chargaff

Question 22

Adenine and thymine form ________ hydrogen bonds between them,while cytosine and guanine form ________ bonds.

A) 2; 3
B) 3; 4
C) 3; 2
D) 4; 3

Question 23

One strand of DNA is 5′ - AGGCCTTA - 3′.What is the opposite strand?

A) 5′ - AGGCCTTA - 3′
B) 5′ - TCCGGAAT - 3′
C) 3′ - AGGCCTTA - 5′
D) 3′ - TCCGGAAT - 5′

Question 24

The pyrimidine bases are ________.

A) cytosine, thymine, and uracil
B) adenine and guanine
C) adenine and thymine
D) cytosine and guanine

Question 25

In the Hershey-Chase experiments,the protein coat of the bacteriophage was labeled with the ³²P radioisotope.

Question 26

A nucleoside consists of only a five-carbon sugar and a phosphate group.

Question 27

Select the researchers that are correctly matched with their discovery.

A) Pauling provided information on secondary structure in biological molecules.
B) Franklin suggested that DNA was a helix with more than one strand and that there were about 10 bases per turn of the DNA.
C) Watson and Crick collected a large amount of X-ray data on the structure of DNA.
D) Chargaff demonstrated that the adenine and thymine bases and the cytosine and guanine bases interacted in some manner.

Question 28

The two DNA strands of a double helix can be described as antiparallel but uncomplementary.

Question 29

A purine on one strand of the DNA is always paired with a pyrimidine on the other strand.

Question 30

The purine bases are ________.

A) cytosine, thymine, and uracil
B) adenine and guanine
C) adenine and thymine
D) cytosine and guanine

Question 31

The term nucleic acids is used to describe RNA and DNA because

A) they are acidic molecules and have a net negative charge at neutral pH.
B) they are acidic molecules and have a net positive charge at neutral pH.
C) they are acidic molecules and have no charge at neutral pH.

Question 32

Select the criteria that all genetic material must meet.

A) It must contain the information necessary to construct the entire organism.
B) It must be passed from parent to offspring.
C) It must be able to be copied.
D) It must have a limited amount of variation.

Question 33

The helical shape of the DNA contains major and minor grooves,which assist in the regulation of gene expression.

Question 34

Which of the following is a left-handed DNA molecule?

A) A DNA
B) B DNA
C) Z DNA
D) R DNA

Question 35

The ________ was/were labeled using the radioisotope ³²P in the Hershey-Chase experiments.

A) RNA
B) DNA
C) proteins
D) carbohydrates

Question 36

What form of DNA is most common in living organisms?

A) A DNA
B) B DNA
C) Z DNA
D) R DNA

Question 37

Select the ways in which an RNA strand differs from a DNA strand.

A) It contains ribose instead of deoxyribose.
B) It is usually single-stranded.
C) It contains uracil instead of thymine.
D) It runs 6′ to 3′ instead of 5′ to 3′.

Question 38

Avery,Macleod,and McCarty used the enzyme ________ to remove the proteins from the cell extracts.

A) protease
B) DNase
C) RNase