Deck 9: Jacksonian America

Question 1

John C.Calhoun drew his doctrine of nullification ideas from the

A)Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions.
B)United States Constitution.
C)Missouri Compromise.
D)Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions and the United States Constitution.
E)United States Constitution and the Missouri Compromise.

Answer 1

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions and the United States Constitution.

Question 2

The "spoils system" refers to

A)making illegal payoffs to political supporters.
B)giving away land taken from Indians to white settlers.
C)the destruction of land by overly aggressive settlement.
D)giving out jobs as political rewards.
E)parceling out federal land to the highest bidder.

Answer 2

giving out jobs as political rewards.

Question 3

By the 1830s, political parties were generally regarded as

A)in the control of special interest factions.
B)unnecessary to the political process.
C)a dangerous threat to the democratic process.
D)a desired and essential part of the democratic process.
E)an aberration.

Answer 3

a desired and essential part of the democratic process.

Question 4

In 1832, supporters of President Jackson held a national convention in order to

A)force the opposition to make their case in public.
B)bring more public attention to their candidate.
C)have greater control of the nominating process.
D)shore up Jackson's shaky support among voters in the Northeast.
E)make the nominating process more democratic.

Question 5

By 1828, in all but one state, presidential electors were chosen by

A)state legislatures.
B)popular vote.
C)lottery.
D)Congress.
E)state governors.

Question 6

According to Andrew Jackson's theory of democracy

A)there should be one national political party.
B)all white male citizens should be treated equally.
C)all white Americans should eventually be given the vote.
D)slavery should not extend into the west.
E)the South and West deserved special privileges as growing areas.

Question 7

In the 1820s, John C.Calhoun proposed his doctrine of nullification

A)to reduce the political power of Andrew Jackson.
B)as an alternative to possible secession.
C)as a means to end the national bank.
D)to support trade tariffs.
E)to counter the growing influence of abolitionism in the North.

Question 8

In the years after the War of 1812, support for the idea of political parties was greatest in

A)Virginia.
B)New Jersey.
C)New York.
D)Rhode Island.
E)Pennsylvania.

Question 9

The political significance of Peggy Eaton on Andrew Jackson's administration was

A)the presidential aspirations of John C.Calhoun were likely ended.
B)John Eaton's ties with the administration were strengthened.
C)Martin Van Buren had a political falling out with President Jackson.
D)the political strength of President Jackson was weakened.
E)it encouraged Jackson to liberalize the nation's divorce and coverture laws.

Question 10

President Andrew Jackson sought to apply his democratic principles by first targeting

A)the wealthy New England aristocracy.
B)the Southern planter class.
C)federal officeholders.
D)his Whig opponents.
E)the Five Civilized Tribes.

Question 11

In the 1830s, an argument in favor of political parties was the belief that

A)the parties would provide the training ground for candidates.
B)a permanent political opposition made parties sensitive to the people's will.
C)the present system of government had little effective organization.
D)inexperienced political candidates would be less likely to gain office.
E)parties could create a broader form of consensus than individual leaders.

Question 12

In his doctrine of nullification, John C.Calhoun argued

A)that states were the final authority on the constitutionality of federal laws.
B)all laws related to a state's economic development should come from that state.
C)states, not the Congress, should ratify amendments to the constitution.
D)there should not be a federal court system.
E)that a state could not impose tariffs and levies on goods made in a neighboring state.

Question 13

Which statement regarding the American electorate during the 1820s is TRUE?

A)The right to vote was expanded to include many more white males.
B)The right to vote was restricted to property owners.
C)Married white women had the right to vote but could not hold elected office.
D)Changes in voting rights occurred first in New England states and spread west.
E)Older states began to expand their property ownership requirements.

Question 14

Today, the oldest political party in the United States is

A)the Green Party.
B)the Socialist Party.
C)the Libertarian Party.
D)the Republican Party.
E)the Democratic Party.

Question 15

Who of the following saw his close ties and great influence with President Jackson grow stronger as a result of the Peggy Eaton affair?

A)DeWitt Clinton
B)Martin Van Buren
C)Isaac Hill
D)Francis Blair
E)John C.Calhoun

Question 16

As president, Andrew Jackson believed the power of the federal government

A)should be reduced.
B)should be expanded.
C)was supreme over individual states.
D)should be expanded and was supreme over individual states.
E)should be reduced and yet was supreme over individual states.

Question 17

The lawyer and activist who led the campaign to expand voting rights in Rhode Island was

A)Amos Kendall.
B)Joseph Story.
C)Daniel Webster.
D)Roger Taney.
E)Thomas Dorr.

Question 18

When John C.Calhoun put forth his doctrine of nullification he was

A)congressman.
B)senator.
C)secretary of state.
D)vice-president.
E)governor of South Carolina.

Question 19

In 1840, efforts to expand voting rights in Rhode Island resulted in

A)new laws that actually further restricted voting rights.
B)federal troops occupying the state capital for two years.
C)an effort within the state to secede from the Union.
D)two governments claiming control of the state.
E)female and black male suffrage for a brief period of time.

Question 20

In 1830, the Daniel Webster-Robert Hayne debate was begun by a political dispute over

A)the value of the two-party system.
B)the sale of public land.
C)slavery.
D)trade with England.
E)relations with Indian tribes.

Question 21

In 1830, President Andrew Jackson vetoed a federal subsidy to the Maysville Road because

A)he sought to demonstrate his presidential power at a time when it was being questioned.
B)the road was not a part of any system of interstate commerce.
C)the subsidy was to be paid for out of tariff revenue, which he opposed.
D)he thought the proposal might jeopardize his bid for reelection.
E)he thought it would upset the balance created by the Missouri Compromise nine years earlier.

Question 22

President Andrew Jackson's success in abolishing the Bank of the United States

A)caused serious political damage to his administration.
B)led the nation into a period of long economic decline.
C)left the nation with an unstable banking system for many years.
D)led him to lose the political support of Roger B.Taney.
E)seriously damaged his support within the Democratic Party.

Question 23

As a result of the United States government's Indian policy in the 1830s and 1840s,

A)violence between white Americans and Indian tribes ended.
B)all Indian tribes were forced to intermingle on one large reservation.
C)new federal attempts were made to assimilate Indian tribes into white society.
D)the United States gained control of ten million acres of Indian lands.
E)nearly all American Indian societies were removed to west of the Mississippi.

Question 24

In 1832, Henry Clay sought to use the debate over the Bank of the United States primarily to

A)politically embarrass President Jackson.
B)help his reelection to the Senate.
C)promote his "American System."
D)boost his presidential candidacy.
E)exact revenge on Nicholas Biddle for a perceived slight.

Question 25

The primary goal of the United States' policy toward Indians in the early 1800s was to

A)spread the Christian faith among tribes.
B)protect Indians from attacks by white settlers.
C)assimilate Indian tribes into white society.
D)acquire the land occupied by Indian tribes.
E)preserve disappearing Indian traditions and culture.

Question 26

Senator Robert Hayne represented the state of

A)New York.
B)Ohio.
C)Pennsylvania.
D)Virginia.
E)South Carolina.

Question 27

Which of the following statements regarding the Bank of the United States is FALSE?

A)The charter of the Bank was due to expire in 1836.
B)Nicholas Biddle had the support of Daniel Webster and Henry Clay.
C)The controversy over the Bank became the leading issue in the 1832 election.
D)President Jackson ordered the Bank closed before the expiration of its charter.
E)President Jackson went through several Secretaries of the Treasury before finding one who would help him weaken the bank.

Question 28

In 1833, the nullification crisis came to an end after President Andrew Jackson

A)authorized the use of military force to see the acts of Congress were obeyed.
B)raised the tariff.
C)threatened to arrest supporters of nullification.
D)agreed to give a larger share of federal authority to the states.
E)acceded to John C.Calhoun's doctrine of nullification.

Question 29

In the 1830 Daniel Webster-Robert Hayne debate, Webster considered Hayne's arguments to be an attack on

A)free states.
B)the nation's tariff policies.
C)President Jackson's leadership.
D)federal authority.
E)the institution of slavery.

Question 30

The Supreme Court ruled in Cherokee Nation v.Georgia (1831)

A)that Georgia could remove the Cherokee tribes if it served the "public good."
B)the Cherokee had no right to file a legal claim in United States' courts.
C)the entire process of Indian removal was unconstitutional.
D)that the Cherokee tribes could only be removed if they were properly compensated.
E)that Georgia had no authority to remove the Cherokee tribes.

Question 31

In 1830, what political figure said, "The Union, next to our liberty most dear"?

A)Andrew Jackson
B)Robert Hayne
C)John C.Calhoun
D)Daniel Webster
E)Henry Clay

Question 32

The Supreme Court ruling in Charles River Bridge Company v.Warren Bridge Company (1837)

A)outraged supporters of Andrew Jackson.
B)was a victory for federal authority.
C)continued the constitutional interpretation set forth by John Marshall.
D)affirmed the inviolability of contracts.
E)reflected Jacksonian ideas of democracy and economic opportunity.

Question 33

The "Trail of Tears" taken by the Cherokees led them to the area that later became

A)Texas.
B)Oklahoma.
C)Missouri.
D)New Mexico.
E)Nevada.

Question 34

Of the "Five Civilized Tribes," the tribe that best resisted the pressures of removal were the

A)Creeks.
B)Choctaws.
C)Seminoles.
D)Chickasaws.
E)Cherokees.

Question 35

In 1830, what political figure said, "Our Federal Union-It must be preserved"?

A)Andrew Jackson
B)Robert Hayne
C)John C.Calhoun
D)Daniel Webster
E)Henry Clay

Question 36

In the 1820s, under Nicholas Biddle, the Bank of the United States

A)was financially sound and profitable.
B)exercised little influence on state banks.
C)had restricted credit to growing enterprises.
D)prohibited the existence of state banks.
E)had to borrow credit from state banks to stay afloat.

Question 37

The Black Hawk War

A)constituted a major, although temporary, Indian victory.
B)occurred in New England and upstate New York.
C)was notable for vicious behavior by the American military.
D)was sparked by the kidnapping of the leader of the Fox Indians.
E)resulted in the removal of the Five Civilized Tribes to the west.

Question 38

In 1830, the first of the "Five Civilized Tribes" to be removed to the west was the

A)Creek.
B)Seminole.
C)Chickasaw.
D)Choctaw.
E)Cherokee.

Question 39

In the 1830s, the Bank of the United States was opposed by

A)"soft-money" advocates.
B)"hard-money" advocates.
C)Henry Clay.
D)both "soft-money" advocates and "hard-money" advocates.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 40

In the debate over the Bank of the United States, President Andrew Jackson agreed with

A)the "soft-money" advocates.
B)the "hard-money" advocates.
C)Henry Clay.
D)both "soft-money" and "hard-money" advocates.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 41

The Whig Party was least successful at

A)defining its political position.
B)attracting a loyal constituency of voters.
C)connecting with evangelical Protestants.
D)competing against Democrats in local, state, and congressional races.
E)uniting behind a strong national leader.

Question 42

Which statement about the 1842 Webster-Ashburton Treaty is FALSE?

A)It settled the Aroostook War.
B)It resulted in new territory being added to the United States.
C)It included an American pledge not to allow slave ships to land at British ports.
D)It included a British pledge not to interfere with American ships.
E)It significantly improved Anglo-American relations.

Question 43

In the 1830s, Democrats were more likely than Whigs to support

A)the chartering of banks and corporations.
B)territorial expansion.
C)established wealth.
D)federally supported internal improvements.
E)the abolition of slavery.

Question 44

During the 1830s, evangelical Protestants tended to support

A)Democrats.
B)Irish immigrants.
C)Whigs.
D)German immigrants.
E)Masons.

Question 45

As president, John Tyler

A)was a Whig who had once been a Democrat.
B)favored the recharter of the Bank of the United States.
C)considered Andrew Jackson to be his political role model.
D)approved several internal improvement bills.
E)forced John C.Calhoun out of his cabinet.

Question 46

In 1836, Martin Van Buren won the presidency because

A)he was more popular with the public than Andrew Jackson.
B)federal spending had supported an economic boom.
C)the political opposition offered multiple candidates.
D)land speculation had been reduced under President Andrew Jackson.
E)his opponent openly advocated ending Indian removal.

Question 47

In 1836, Congress passed a "distribution" act that required the federal government to

A)apply a higher tax to foreign bondholders.
B)parcel out Indian land to the states.
C)reward loyal Democrats with government jobs.
D)make pension payments to veterans of the War of 1812.
E)disperse its surplus funds to the states.

Question 48

From the following groups, support for the Whigs was weakest among

A)wealthy Southern planters.
B)substantial New England manufacturers.
C)small Western farmers.
D)aristocratic Americans.
E)evangelical Protestants.

Question 49

President Martin Van Buren's "subtreasury" system

A)was a financial system to replace the Bank of the United States.
B)created a new national bank.
C)never became law.
D)quickly failed.
E)did not pass until his successor's administration.

Question 50

The presidential election campaign of 1840 saw

A)Martin Van Buren drop out of the presidential race.
B)the first influence of the "penny press" in politics.
C)Henry Clay chosen as the Whig presidential candidate.
D)the emergence of the Republican Party.
E)William Henry Harrison serve as the Democratic candidate.

Question 51

In 1840, William Henry Harrison

A)was, at the time, the youngest man to win the presidency.
B)was a simple frontiersman with little money or resources to his name.
C)died before he took office.
D)was a Republican.
E)was part of a wealthy, large land-owning, frontier elite.

Question 52

Jacksonian Democrats

A)praised President Jackson as "King Andrew I."
B)faced little political opposition by the mid-1830s.
C)were strongest among the merchants and manufacturers of the Northeast.
D)All the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 53

Who among the following was NOT a leading Whig at some point during his political career?

A)Martin Van Buren
B)John C.Calhoun
C)Daniel Webster
D)Henry Clay
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 54

In 1836, President Andrew Jackson's "specie circular"

A)resulted in a severe financial panic.
B)was defeated by Congress.
C)was of considerable political benefit to Martin Van Buren.
D)required foreigners doing business in the United States to pay their debts in hard currency.
E)caused a significant rise in prices, especially the price of land.

Question 55

In the 1830s, the so-called Locofocos were

A)radical Democrats.
B)defenders of monopolies.
C)Southern slaveholders.
D)Western farmers.
E)radical abolitionists.

Question 56

Jacksonian democracy included a weak challenge to the institution of slavery.

Question 57

In the 1820s, Whig support for the Anti-Mason Party demonstrated

A)the desire of the party to attract the largest possible number of voters.
B)the intention of the party to refrain from political mud-slinging.
C)their conviction that Masonry encouraged radical egalitarianism.
D)All the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 58

During its two-decade history, the Whig Party won the presidency

A)zero times.
B)one time.
C)two times.
D)three times.
E)four times.

Question 59

The political philosophy of Whigs

A)opposed industrialism as a source of concentrated wealth.
B)favored expanding the power of the federal government.
C)encouraged the rapid western expansion of the nation.
D)allied itself with the abolition movement.
E)celebrated "honest workers" and "simple farmers."

Question 60

In 1841, the story of the American ship, the Creole, saw the British government

A)support the rights and freedom of mutinous slaves on the ship.
B)seize the ship because it carried slaves.
C)briefly declare war on American shipping.
D)refuse to trade with American shipping companies that carried slaves.
E)return mutinous slaves to Virginia at the request of President Tyler.

Question 61

By 1840 the actual number of adult white males who voted had risen to 80 percent.

Question 62

One of the major reforms of the Jacksonian period was the introduction of the secret ballot.

Question 63

The Dorr Rebellion was generally consistent with Jacksonian principles.

Question 64

National political conventions were introduced during the Jacksonian period in order to expand the democratic process.

Question 65

President Jackson considered those who favored nullification to be traitors.

Question 66

The "age of Jackson" was less a triumph for the common man than conservatives feared.

Question 67

Calhoun's defense of his doctrine of nullification was directed primarily at the issue of tariffs.

Question 68

The Whig Party was the first national political party.

Question 69

President Jackson was a strong advocate for protecting the autonomy of Indian tribes.

Question 70

The Webster-Hayne debate concerned primarily the issue of the sale of public lands.

Question 71

President Jackson sought to remove all of the eastern Indian tribes except the "Five Civilized Tribes."

Question 72

During the Jacksonian era, free blacks could not vote at all in the South and hardly anywhere in the North.

Question 73

The Peggy Eaton affair improved Andrew Jackson's relationship with John
C.Calhoun.

Question 74

As president, Andrew Jackson's first political target was the Bank of the United States.

Question 75

Andrew Jackson believed a strong federal government would lead to a strong democracy.

Question 76

Andrew Jackson sided with Robert Hayne in the Webster-Hayne debate.

Question 77

As Andrew Jackson's vice president, John
C.Calhoun became a strong Jackson opponent.

Question 78

More people gained the right to vote in the 1830s, but requirements for voters to own property remained in place.

Question 79

In the early nineteenth century, many whites viewed Indians as "noble savages."

Question 80

During the Jacksonian period, political parties were regarded as a threat to democracy.