Deck 4: The Empire in Transition

Question 1

Through the first half of the eighteenth century, the Iroquois Confederacy formed agreements and traded with

A)only England.
B)England, and then France.
C)both France and England at the same time.
D)only France.
E)no European powers.

Answer 1

both France and England at the same time.

Question 2

The French and Indian War was fought in

A)India.
B)the West Indies.
C)the North American interior.
D)Europe.
E)All the answers are correct.

Answer 2

All the answers are correct.

Question 3

King George's War

A)inspired the American Revolution.
B)failed to resolve European conflicts in North America.
C)was a conflict between England and the Iroquois.
D)saw English colonists remain out of the conflict.
E)saw England acquire Newfoundland from the French.

Answer 3

failed to resolve European conflicts in North America.

Question 4

During the first half of the eighteenth century, royal officials in America

A)began to increase the presence of British troops in the colonies.
B)contributed to England's overall lax control of the colonies.
C)had no significant influence on colonial finances.
D)were generally able and honest administrators.
E)chose Philadelphia as the capital of the colonies.

Question 5

According to the terms of the Peace of Paris of 1763,

A)France surrendered New Orleans to the British.
B)England acquired all French naval vessels docked in North American ports.
C)France ceded all of its claims to land west of the Mississippi River to Spain.
D)France agreed to pay England for the cost of the war.
E)France ceded its Caribbean colonies to England.

Question 6

By the 1750s, American colonial assemblies

A)exercised a significant degree of authority to levy taxes.
B)existed only to implement the policies of the English Parliament.
C)felt little loyalty to the English government.
D)consisted of colonists all approved by royal governors.
E)were petitioning the king to charter new colonies to the west.

Question 7

During the first stage (1754-1756) of the French and Indian War,

A)only the Iroquois Indians were allied with the French.
B)the Iroquois were allied with the English but remained largely passive.
C)English colonists fought with the support of the Iroquois.
D)the colonists fought with the French against the English.
E)the colonists fought primarily against the Iroquois.

Question 8

The proposed Albany Plan of 1754

A)was intended to give the colonies greater independence from royal authority.
B)recognized the land rights of Indian tribes living within the colonies.
C)was approved by the colonial assemblies but was vetoed by Parliament.
D)revealed the difficulties colonies had in cooperating with each other.
E)attempted to create a united front with New France against Indian attacks.

Question 9

During the French and Indian War, British leader William Pitt

A)ignored the complaints of colonists.
B)gave more authority to conduct the war over to the colonists.
C)gradually loosened his tight control over the colonists.
D)barred the colonists from military service.
E)allowed Indian tribal leaders to dictate British battle strategy.

Question 10

During the first half of the eighteenth century, England's administration of the colonies

A)was primarily concerned with checking the growth of New France.
B)began to assert greater authority over newspapers and public expression.
C)sought new means to tax American merchants.
D)was notable for its strict enforcement of trade policies.
E)was loose, decentralized, and inefficient.

Question 11

The major participants in the Seven Years' War, in North America, were

A)the colonists, the English, and the Spanish.
B)the French, the colonists, and the Spanish.
C)the Iroquois, the English, and the French.
D)the French, the Spanish, and the English.
E)the English, the Iroquois, and the Spanish.

Question 12

The beginning of the end of the American phase of the French and Indian War was marked by the French defeat at

A)Montreal.
B)Quebec.
C)Ottawa.
D)Louisbourg.
E)Fort Necessity.

Question 13

In the years after the Glorious Revolution, political power in England increasingly shifted toward

A)the monarchy.
B)Parliament.
C)the citizens.
D)the Anglican Church.
E)the colonial governors.

Question 14

In the aftermath of King George's War

A)relations between the English, French, and Iroquois deteriorated.
B)the French moved out of the Ohio Valley.
C)the Iroquois decided not to grant any future trade concessions to the English.
D)military activity west of England's North American colonies steadily declined.
E)the English abandoned many of their fortresses in the interior.

Question 15

The Treaty of Utrecht in 1713

A)ended King William's War.
B)transferred territory from the French to the English in North America.
C)was a considerable victory for Spain in North America.
D)slowed England's western expansion of its American colonies.
E)transferred territory from the English to the French in the Caribbean.

Question 16

During the eighteenth century, in North America, the French differed from the English in Indian relations in that the French

A)offered the Indians more and better trading goods.
B)largely isolated themselves from Indian tribes.
C)were more tolerant of Indian cultures.
D)made little effort to convert Indians to Christianity.
E)forced Indians to adjust to European ways.

Question 17

What future American revolutionary figure surrendered to French forces in 1754 at Fort Necessity in the Ohio Valley?

A)George Washington
B)Patrick Henry
C)James Madison
D)Benedict Arnold
E)John Adams

Question 18

During the eighteenth century, in North America, the most powerful native group were the

A)Iroquois.
B)Cherokee.
C)Seminole.
D)Chickasaw.
E)Sioux.

Question 19

As a result of the Seven Years' War, in North America, England

A)confirmed its commercial supremacy.
B)increased its political control of the settled regions.
C)shifted its interest away from the Caribbean colonies.
D)confirmed its commercial supremacy and increased its political control of the settled regions.
E)confirmed its commercial supremacy and shifted its interest away from the Caribbean colonies.

Question 20

The first clash of the French and Indian War took place near what is now

A)Detroit.
B)Buffalo.
C)Pittsburgh.
D)St.Louis.
E)Chicago.

Question 21

Legislation passed by the Grenville ministry in 1764-1765 adversely affected American

A)New England merchants.
B)southern planters.
C)small farmers.
D)urban workers.
E)All the answers are correct.

Question 22

Throughout the French and Indian War, American colonists

A)fought on the side of the French.
B)accepted temporary new taxes to help finance the war.
C)sold and traded food and other goods with the French.
D)resented that they had to do more of the fighting than did the British regulars.
E)saw British requisition and impressment policies as necessary.

Question 23

In 1766, in response to colonial protests against the Stamp Act, the British government

A)closed the port of Boston.
B)attempted to arrest the authors of the "Virginia Resolves."
C)created the Currency Act.
D)sent additional troops to the colonies.
E)rescinded the Stamp Act.

Question 24

Who among the following took the lead in protesting against the Stamp Act?

A)Patrick Henry
B)Ben Franklin
C)Samuel Adams
D)Thomas Jefferson
E)George Mason

Question 25

The Sugar Act of 1764 was designed to

A)damage the market for sugar grown in the colonies.
B)eliminate the illegal sugar trade between the colonies, the French, and the West Indies.
C)establish new vice-admiralty courts in America to try accused smugglers.
D)lower the colonial duty on molasses.
E)All the answers are correct.

Question 26

The Proclamation of 1763

A)disrupted England's western trade in the colonies.
B)was generally effective.
C)was supported by many Indian tribes.
D)encouraged settlement of the western edge of the colonies.
E)led to renewed conflict with the remaining French colonists in the west.

Question 27

When he became British Prime Minister, George Grenville

A)believed the colonial economies could not weather the cost of the recent war.
B)criticized William Pitt for being too harsh in dealing with the American colonies.
C)began a cost-cutting effort by reducing the number of British officials in America.
D)initially sought to further decentralize government authority in the American colonies.
E)believed the American colonists had been indulged for far too long.

Question 28

The "Virginia Resolves" stated that

A)Virginians should not be required to pay taxes.
B)the English government had no authority over the economic activities of Virginians.
C)anyone who supported the right of Parliament to tax was an enemy of the colony.
D)independence from England was the only solution to the tax crisis.
E)Virginia must do its part to reimburse England for the cost of colonial defense.

Question 29

Many colonists believed the legislation passed by the Grenville ministry in 1764-1765

A)showed the British were committed to the long-term success of the colonies.
B)meant the British were trying to take away their tradition of self-government.
C)signified that the British finally understood the desires of the colonists.
D)would have little long-term effect on the economy of the colonies.
E)would lead to renewed hostilities with Indians in the west.

Question 30

The Paxton Boys and the Regulators both

A)demanded tax relief.
B)feared violence from western farmers.
C)demanded independence from England.
D)sought to increase the authority of local colonial governments.
E)demanded the redistribution of the land making up the former French colonies.

Question 31

In the 1760s, the Grenville ministry increased its authority in the colonies by

A)stationing regular British troops permanently in America.
B)banning political meetings.
C)closing the port of Boston.
D)closing newspapers that criticized the English government.
E)outlawing the Sons of Liberty.

Question 32

British official Thomas Hutchinson

A)was an early and outspoken supporter of the Stamp Act.
B)called for suppression of colonial demonstrations.
C)was murdered during colonial protests against the Stamp Act.
D)had his home ransacked by anti-Stamp Act demonstrators.
E)signed his name to the "Virginia Resolves" to support the colonists' position.

Question 33

The Stamp Act of 1765

A)established a royal postal system between the American colonies and England.
B)required colonists to pay taxes on most printed documents.
C)replaced the Sugar Act of 1764.
D)proved to be ineffective as most colonies refused to accept it.
E)cost the British government much more money than it made in revenues.

Question 34

Following the conclusion of the French and Indian War,

A)many colonists resented England's interference in their local affairs.
B)colonial expansion westward rapidly progressed.
C)many colonists began to call for full independence from England.
D)the economy of several American colonies was in ruins.
E)the British and Iroquois renewed their alliance.

Question 35

The Declaratory Act of 1766

A)caused renewed protests throughout the colonies.
B)was a sweeping assertion of Parliament's authority over the colonies.
C)threatened the colonies with military action should future protests develop.
D)was an attempt by outgoing minister George Grenville to save face.
E)All the answers are correct.

Question 36

For Indians in North America, British victory in the French and Indian War

A)convinced many tribes to cease in their struggle against European expansion.
B)had disastrous effects on their future.
C)was cheered only by the Iroquois Confederacy.
D)led to an improvement in relations with English colonists.
E)encouraged tribes to join the Iroquois Confederacy.

Question 37

When George III assumed the throne of England, he

A)was considered to have a brilliant mind for politics.
B)was painfully immature.
C)faced a full rebellion in the colonies.
D)feared using the authority of his monarchy.
E)mandated official recognition of the Church of England in all colonies.

Question 38

The Mutiny (or Quartering) Act of 1765

A)required colonists to evacuate their farms to occupying British soldiers.
B)was regarded by objecting colonists as a form of taxation without consent.
C)resulted in the killing of several British soldiers by colonists.
D)allowed British officers to force colonists into military service for England.
E)declared that all ships in the colonial navy must have a British officer on board.

Question 39

The Stamp Act of 1765

A)was consistent with traditional parliamentary efforts to regulate commerce.
B)placed a heavy financial burden on American colonists.
C)helped to unite the colonies in opposition to the English government.
D)required the consent of the colonial assemblies before going into effect.
E)really affected only a few New England merchants.

Question 40

The French and Indian War in North America

A)greatly enriched the English government's finances.
B)began a period of almost continual warfare for England.
C)suggested that increasing England's control over the colonies would not be easy.
D)led England to conclude that its relationship with the colonies was strong.
E)led England to conclude that the American colonies were not worth protecting.

Question 41

In the eighteenth century, under the English government's theory of representation

A)the American colonies were represented in Parliament.
B)each American colony was allowed one non-voting representative in Parliament.
C)the American colonies had no claim to any political representation.
D)the king spoke to Parliament on behalf of the American colonies.
E)the American colonies were represented by the courts.

Question 42

Parliament responded to the Boston Tea Party by

A)withdrawing its military protection of Massachusetts.
B)reducing the powers of self-government in Massachusetts.
C)reducing the geographic size of the colony.
D)threatening to launch a war against the Massachusetts militia.
E)repealing the Tea Act.

Question 43

The colonial boycott of tea in 1773

A)was based on colonists' anger at having to pay a new tax.
B)involved relatively small numbers of people.
C)was led by women, who were the primary consumers of tea.
D)had little financial effect on England.
E)resulted in the arrest of the Daughters of Liberty.

Question 44

In 1775, the Conciliatory Propositions

A)called on Parliament to reduce taxes for the sake of colonial peace.
B)saw Parliament agree to the terms of the First Continental Congress.
C)was an appeal by the British government to colonial moderates.
D)temporarily reduced tensions in the colonies.
E)forced Parliament to send more troops to Boston.

Question 45

In the 1760s, "country Whigs" were English colonists who

A)feared the political protests would damage the long-term profits of America.
B)considered the British government to be corrupt and oppressive.
C)defended the British imperial system.
D)called on King George III to more firmly assert his authority.
E)believed the political philosophy of John Locke gave too much power to the king.

Question 46

Colonial protests against the Townshend Duties resulted in

A)the Boston Massacre.
B)Parliament passing a second Stamp Act.
C)an increase in smuggling in port cities such as Boston.
D)many colonists joining in nonimportation agreements.
E)the Boston Tea Party.

Question 47

The Boston Massacre

A)was transformed by some colonists into a symbol of British oppression.
B)resulted in the death of several British soldiers.
C)led to Paul Revere's midnight ride of warning.
D)included a trial in which British soldiers were convicted of murder.
E)turned Paul Revere into a martyr for the cause of colonial independence.

Question 48

Which of the following statements regarding the Coercive Acts is TRUE?

A)Massachusetts became politically isolated from the other colonies.
B)Colonial boycotts decreased.
C)Massachusetts became a martyr in the cause of resistance.
D)The Acts had little practical effect on the Massachusetts colony.
E)The Acts were basically ignored by other colonial legislatures.

Question 49

The Townshend Duties of 1767

A)constituted a form of taxation quite similar to the Stamp Act.
B)were ultimately ratified by the New York Assembly.
C)drew no immediate objection from the colonists.
D)were withdrawn before they took effect.
E)were taxes on what were called external transactions.

Question 50

The Quebec Act

A)granted political rights to Roman Catholics.
B)reduced the boundaries of Quebec.
C)was approved of by most English colonists.
D)was passed by England to appease the French government.
E)made the Roman Catholic Church illegal.

Question 51

English and American supporters of the English constitution felt it correctly divided power between

A)the monarchy, the aristocracy, and representative assemblies.
B)England and the American colonies.
C)the commercial and landholding classes on both sides of the ocean.
D)Parliament and the monarchy.
E)The monarchy, Parliament, and the courts.

Question 52

The leading colonial figure in the Boston Massacre was

A)Samuel Adams.
B)Thomas Jefferson.
C)Patrick Henry.
D)James Otis.
E)George Mason.

Question 53

The Tea Act of 1773

A)followed a few years of relative calm between England and the American colonies.
B)lowered the price of tea for American colonists.
C)was intended to benefit a private British company.
D)provided no new tax on tea.
E)All the answers are correct.

Question 54

The Boston Tea Party of December 1773

A)triggered acts of resistance in other colonial cities.
B)took place after Bostonians failed to turn away ships laden with tea.
C)shocked the other colonies into isolating Massachusetts.
D)both triggered acts of resistance in other colonial cities and took place after Bostonians failed to turn away ships laden with tea.
E)both took place after Bostonians failed to turn away ships laden with tea and shocked the other colonies into isolating Massachusetts.

Question 55

In 1770, the Townsend Duties were ended by

A)Charles Townsend.
B)the Marquis of Rockingham.
C)Lord North.
D)George III.
E)Lord Chatham.

Question 56

At the time of the Battle of Lexington and Concord, General Thomas Gage, the commander of the British garrison in Boston,

A)considered his army too small to act without reinforcements.
B)was convinced that Americans would never actually dare to fight.
C)arrested Sam Adams and John Hancock near Lexington.
D)offered to resign his command to avoid war.
E)believed the colonists' calls for independence were justified.

Question 57

Under the English constitution during the eighteenth century,

A)only American colonists were denied direct representation in Parliament.
B)large areas of England had no direct political representation.
C)all seats in American colonial assemblies were appointed.
D)each member of Parliament represented a particular geographic area.
E)the empire was made up of a federation of commonwealths.

Question 58

In 1774, the First Continental Congress

A)accepted a plan for a colonial union under British authority.
B)proposed that the colonies tax themselves at Parliament's demand.
C)agreed to end colonial boycotts of British trade.
D)issued an order for the arrest of all colonists loyal to the King.
E)called for the repeal of all oppressive legislation passed since 1763.

Question 59

In the eighteenth century, the English constitution was

A)an unwritten document.
B)difficult to change.
C)unpopular in both England and America.
D)believed to be holding back colonial expansion.
E)All the answers are correct.

Question 60

Taverns were important in the growth of revolutionary sentiment because

A)they were the only public places where one could legally speak without fear of arrest.
B)they become central meeting places to discuss ideas about resistance.
C)it was one of the few places where men and women gathered together to speak.
D)colonists increasingly resented the heavy British duties on alcohol.
E)All the answers are correct.

Question 61

The Paxton Boys and the Regulators were examples of colonists who objected to the Mutiny Act of 1765.

Question 62

Colonial merchants proved their allegiance to the British during the Seven Years' War.

Question 63

The British were more tolerant of Indian culture and Indian religions than were the French.

Question 64

In their competition for the allegiance of native tribes, the English could offer more and better goods than the French.

Question 65

The Currency Act of 1764 gave the colonial legislatures the power to print paper money.

Question 66

A "Creole" refers to a white immigrant of French descent.

Question 67

The events of Lexington and Concord

A)saw the colonists try to surprise the British by seizing a British arsenal.
B)saw the Americans lose many more men than the British.
C)occurred before there was a formal American declaration of independence.
D)was the first victory for George Washington in the conflict with England.
E)further alienated Massachusetts from the more moderate colonies in the Chesapeake.

Question 68

The Proclamation of 1763 failed to meet even the modest expectations of the Indians.

Question 69

The Peace of Paris (1763) saw the French retain a portion of their North American holdings.

Question 70

In general, the colonists regarded the political burden of the post-1763 imperial program to be worse than the economic burden.

Question 71

Despite the flurry of parliamentary legislation after 1763, most colonists found ways either to live with or to get around these laws.

Question 72

During the Seven Years' War the colonists evidenced an unwillingness to be taxed by Parliament, but at least they were not reluctant to tax themselves.

Question 73

In the aftermath of King George's War (1744-1748), relations between the English, French, and Iroquois in North America rapidly deteriorated.

Question 74

The Proclamation of 1763 decreed that Parliament had the right to pass laws dealing with the colonies.

Question 75

Eighteenth-century parliamentary leaders were less inclined than seventeenth-century English monarchs to exert control over their empire.

Question 76

Resistance to British imperial authority was centered among western farmers.

Question 77

Following the Seven Years' War, the British government faced huge problems of imperial organization, but at least had ample funds to deal with those problems.

Question 78

Prior to the 1760s, cooperation between colonies was not good.

Question 79

The character of the royal officials in America contributed to the overall looseness of the British imperial system.

Question 80

The Treaty of Utrecht (1713) signaled a rare French victory over the English.