Deck 17: Respiratory Tract Infections

Question 1

The reason that people repeatedly suffer from colds is because

A)the cold virus mutates so people have no immunity.
B)they get a chill.
C)many different viruses cause the common cold.
D)antibiotics don't kill viruses.
E)they haven't been vaccinated.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Infections caused by which of the following bacteria CANNOT be prevented by vaccination?

A)Haemophilus influenza.
B)Bordetella pertussis.
C)Corynebacterium diphtheria.
D)Streptococcus pyogenes.
E)Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Inflammation of the larynx and trachea

A)is most frequently caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
B)is a life-threatening condition requiring urgent intubation.
C)occurs predominantly in the elderly.
D)is known as croup.
E)may spread throughout the body causing systemic effects.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The common cold is caused by

A)adenoviruses.
B)rhinoviruses.
C)parainfluenza viruses.
D)coronaviruses.
E)all of the above.

Question 5

Which of the following bacteria is responsible for scarlet fever?

A)Streptococcus pneumoniae.
B)Streptococcus pyogenes.
C)Salmonella typhimurium.
D)Mycobacterium avium complex.
E)Staphylococcus aureus.

Question 6

Most organisms that cause respiratory infections come from

A)the hospital environment.
B)aerosols from water tanks.
C)contaminated surfaces.
D)people with infections.
E)swimming pools and spas.

Question 7

Croup

A)is caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
B)is a life-threatening condition requiring urgent intubation.
C)occurs predominantly in children under 4 years of age.
D)is infection and inflammation of the epiglottis.
E)all of the above.

Question 8

What causes glandular fever?

A)Hendra virus.
B)Epstein-Barr (EB)virus.
C)Streptococcus pyogenes.
D)Haemophilus influenzae.
E)Respiratory syncytial virus.

Question 9

Which of the following is an innate (non-specific)defence mechanism of the respiratory system?

A)Nasal hairs.
B)Alveolar macrophages.
C)The ciliated epithelium.
D)The cough reflex.
E)All of the above.

Question 10

Which of the following is TRUE regarding pharyngitis?

A)Most cases of pharyngitis are caused by upper respiratory normal flora.
B)Pharyngitis is also called tonsillitis.
C)Streptococcus pyogenes is the most common cause of pharyngitis.
D)Pharyngitis may be part of the glandular fever syndrome.
E)All of the above.

Question 11

Whooping cough

A)has been virtually eliminated in Australia by vaccination.
B)is also known as pertussis.
C)never affects adults.
D)symptoms are due to the action of Corynebacterium endotoxin.
E)all of the above.

Question 12

Untreated streptococcal sore throat may result in

A)scarlet fever.
B)rheumatic fever.
C)glomerulonephritis.
D)all of the above.
E)none of the above.

Question 13

Acute epiglottitis

A)is usually caused by viruses.
B)mainly affects the elderly.
C)can result in airway obstruction.
D)is due to the action of a potent enterotoxin.
E)cannot be prevented by vaccination.

Question 14

Otitis media

A)is mainly caused by viruses.
B)most often occurs in the elderly.
C)may cause perforation of the eardrum.
D)requires aggressive antibiotic therapy in most cases.
E)all of the above.

Question 15

In diphtheria

A)bacterial invasion of tissues is common,resulting in septicaemia.
B)the infection usually descends into the lungs.
C)a pseudomembrane forms over the larynx or pharynx.
D)vaccination is the most urgent aspect of patient management.
E)all of the above.

Question 16

The innate defence mechanism that prevents particles from entering the lungs is/are the

A)mucociliary escalator.
B)alveolar macrophages.
C)tonsillar lymphocytes.
D)IgA in mucus.
E)all of the above.

Question 17

What is the best approach for long-term protection against diphtheria?

A)Active immunisation.
B)Immunisation with antitoxin.
C)Prompt treatment with penicillin.
D)The use of gammaglobulin.
E)Antibiotic prophylaxis.

Question 18

Otitis media is the name given to

A)a middle ear infection.
B)an infection of the paranasal sinuses.
C)a viral infection of the throat.
D)bronchitis.
E)a sore throat.

Question 19

Which of the following increases the risk of respiratory infection?

A)Cigarette smoking.
B)Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
C)Alcoholism.
D)Old age.
E)All of the above.

Question 20

Immunisation for whooping cough

A)involves a single dose of a live vaccine.
B)should be commenced at birth.
C)is recommended for grandparents and carers of young children.
D)also provides protection for diphtheria and glandular fever.
E)all of the above.

Question 21

Which of the following organisms cause hospital-acquired pneumonia?

A)Escherichia coli.
B)Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
C)Streptococcus pneumoniae.
D)Klebsiella pneumoniae.
E)All of the above.

Question 22

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)All influenza viruses can infect animals,birds and humans.
B)The influenza virus has two surface glycoprotein spikes called H and N.
C)Slight changes in the surface glycoproteins of influenza viruses is called antigenic drift.
D)Some antiviral drugs inhibit the action of the enzyme neuraminidase.
E)Antigenic shift is a change in the surface glycoproteins producing a new virus type.

Question 23

H5N1 avian influenza virus

A)only affects birds and humans.
B)is an atypical influenza B virus.
C)causes severe infections but the mortality rate is low.
D)has resulted in the death of millions of chickens throughout the world.
E)causes infections which can be prevented with the seasonal influenza vaccine.

Question 24

Cells of which one of the following organisms tend to be highly resistant to phagocytic enzymes?

A)Moraxella catarrhalis.
B)Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
C)Bordetella pertussis.
D)Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
E)Haemophilus influenzae.

Question 25

Pneumonia

A)is mainly caused by fungi.
B)causes many deaths in hospitals.
C)only occurs in people with damaged lungs.
D)is readily treated with doxycycline.
E)all of the above.

Question 26

The disseminated form of tuberculosis with a poor prognosis is called

A)primary tuberculosis.
B)secondary tuberculosis.
C)atypical tuberculosis.
D)miliary tuberculosis.
E)chronic tuberculosis.

Question 27

The virus that is typically transmitted to humans in the respiratory secretions of an infected horse is the

A)Hendra virus.
B)human metapneumovirus.
C)respiratory syncytial virus.
D)human bocavirus.
E)Q virus.

Question 28

Which of the following most often causes a chronic lung infection in patients with cystic fibrosis?

A)Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
B)Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
C)Legionella pneumophila.
D)Coxiella burnetii.
E)Chlamydophila psittaci.

Question 29

Treatment of a person with tuberculosis is based on the use of

A)combination drug therapy.
B)tuberculin.
C)BCG vaccination.
D)a single drug for several months.
E)immune therapy.

Question 30

Q fever

A)is caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
B)only affects immunosuppressed people.
C)typically occurs in people working in the livestock industry.
D)is a viral disease spread by mosquitoes.
E)has a high incidence in Australia due to the lack of an effective vaccine.

Question 31

Seasonal influenza

A)has resulted in a number of major pandemics.
B)is due to viruses undergoing antigenic drift.
C)is also referred to as Asian flu because of where it originates.
D)must be treated with antibiotics to prevent the spread of the virus.
E)is not infectious until the symptoms have fully developed.

Question 32

Atypical mycobacterial infections

A)are caused by Mycobacterium bovis.
B)are caused by highly drug-sensitive organisms.
C)are most common in people with AIDS.
D)involve only the lungs.
E)all of the above.

Question 33

Which of the following is an opportunistic pathogen that causes pneumonia in immunodeficient patients,such as people with AIDS?

A)Streptococcus pneumoniae.
B)Staphylococcus aureus.
C)Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
D)Pneumocystis jiroveci.
E)Chlamydia trachomatis.

Question 34

All of the following are useful in the diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia EXCEPT

A)blood culture.
B)sputum culture.
C)Gram stain of sputum.
D)chest X-ray.
E)saliva culture.

Question 35

Pneumonia

A)always presents as a diffuse,patchy inflammation of the lungs.
B)is rarely acquired in the community.
C)can result from the use of mechanical ventilators.
D)is always an exogenous infection.
E)all of the above.

Question 36

Bronchiolitis

A)most severely affects children under 2 years of age.
B)is most often caused by respiratory syncytial virus.
C)is highly infectious.
D)may result in respiratory distress in infants.
E)all of the above.

Question 37

Legionnaires' disease

A)is a type of pneumonia.
B)can be transmitted in water aerosols.
C)can be transmitted by soil.
D)is more serious in patients with respiratory disease.
E)all of the above.

Question 38

What is the most common causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia in adults?

A)Influenza virus.
B)Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
C)Streptococcus pneumoniae.
D)Klebsiella pneumoniae.
E)Streptococcus pyogenes.