Deck 19: Cardiovascular and Multisystem Infections

Question 1

Mumps

A)is transmitted by contact with saliva of an infected person.
B)can cause inflammation of the testicles.
C)mainly occurs in adolescents and young adults in developed countries.
D)can cause encephalitis in a small percentage of cases.
E)all of the above.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Rheumatic fever is due to

A)a potent exotoxin.
B)an immunological cross-reaction.
C)the spread of bacteria from the pharynx to the bloodstream.
D)toxin production in joints.
E)bacterial infection of the endocardium.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Osteomyelitis

A)is a loss of calcium from the bones in elderly people.
B)is an infection of bones.
C)is usually asymptomatic.
D)cannot be treated with antibiotics.
E)most often follows a systemic viral infection.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Plague is a disease that

A)causes cell masses,called buboes,to form in the lungs.
B)is caused by fleas.
C)no longer occurs in developed countries.
D)was once referred to as the Black Death.
E)all of the above.

Question 5

Which of the following diseases is characteristically transmitted to humans in the urine of animals?

A)Leptospirosis.
B)Q fever.
C)Melioidosis.
D)Anthrax.
E)Listeriosis.

Question 6

Toxic shock syndrome is

A)caused by a bacterial endotoxin.
B)always associated with tampon usage.
C)a mild condition in which a skin rash is the predominant symptom.
D)all of the above.
E)none of the above.

Question 7

Laboratory confirmation of a diagnosis of rheumatic fever can be achieved by

A)anti-streptolysin O titre.
B)culture of blood for Streptococcus pyogenes.
C)culture of joint fluid.
D)toxin identification in blood.
E)X-ray of the heart.

Question 8

Toxic shock syndrome is caused by

A)all strains of Staph.aureus.
B)strains of Staph.aureus that produce a certain exotoxin.
C)toxin-producing strains of Staph.epidermidis.
D)any bacterium that can grow on tampons.
E)any organism that produces an endotoxin.

Question 9

Infective endocarditis

A)often presents as a fever of unknown origin.
B)most often affects a normal heart valve.
C)is always due to infection with streptococci.
D)is diagnosed by the presence of a heart murmur.
E)all of the above.

Question 10

Brucellosis in Australia is mainly acquired from

A)cows.
B)sheep.
C)wild pigs.
D)infected humans.
E)none of the above.

Question 11

What is the rickettsial disease transmitted by mites that mainly occurs in northern areas of Australia?

A)Leptospirosis.
B)Scrub typhus.
C)Dengue fever.
D)Lyme disease.
E)Melioidosis.

Question 12

The most common rickettsial infection in Australia is

A)scrub typhus.
B)Queensland tick typhus.
C)Q fever.
D)Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
E)epidemic typhus.

Question 13

Which of the following organisms causes osteomyelitis?

A)Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
B)Staphylococcus aureus.
C)Group B Streptococcus.
D)All of the above.
E)None of the above.

Question 14

Which of the following could predispose a patient to septicaemia?

A)Pneumonia.
B)A surgical wound infection.
C)A central venous catheter.
D)A gastrointestinal infection.
E)All of the above.

Question 15

Lyme disease

A)is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi.
B)is mainly spread by mosquitoes.
C)only occurs in the United States.
D)can be spread from human to human in saliva.
E)all of the above.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Bacteraemia and septicaemia mean the same thing.
B)Once in the bloodstream most bacteria survive well and readily multiply.
C)Septic shock is a life-threatening form of septicaemia.
D)Bacteria cause bacteraemia,whereas viruses cause septicaemia.
E)Bacteraemia is diagnosed by inoculation of patient blood onto an agar plate.

Question 17

Infective endocarditis

A)is a self-limiting disease not requiring specific therapy.
B)may be caused by oral streptococci.
C)may be a sequelae to pneumonia.
D)involves the blockage of the aorta.
E)all of the above.

Question 18

Septicaemia-causing bacteria may be difficult to isolate from blood cultures because

A)the bacteria may be present only in low numbers.
B)blood is difficult to culture because it coagulates.
C)septicaemia is due to toxins rather than living bacteria.
D)blood is a poor culture medium.
E)all of the above.

Question 19

Anthrax is a possible biological weapon for terrorists because

A)the disease cannot be treated with antibiotics.
B)there is no vaccine.
C)it is almost always fatal.
D)the disease can be spread by spores.
E)all of the above.

Question 20

The most appropriate time to collect blood for culture from a person suspected of septicaemia is

A)first thing in the morning.
B)just before a meal.
C)just after a meal.
D)when the person is febrile.
E)straight after they are given the first dose of antibiotics.

Question 21

Which species of Plasmodium causes the most serious form of malaria?

A)P)malariae.
B)P)dysenteriae.
C)P)ovale.
D)P)falciparum.
E)P)vivax.

Question 22

Dengue fever is

A)transmitted by sand flies.
B)caused by a virus.
C)transmitted by the faecal-oral route.
D)preventable by vaccination.
E)all of the above.

Question 23

Chikungunya infection is

A)transmitted by sand flies.
B)clinically similar to dengue fever.
C)a rare infection throughout the world.
D)preventable by vaccination.
E)all of the above.

Question 24

Haemorrhagic fever viruses

A)infect monocytes and macrophages.
B)cause host cells to release large amounts of cytokines.
C)can cause bleeding from the eyes and ears.
D)can cause infections with a high fatality rate.
E)all of the above.

Question 25

Travellers to areas where malaria is endemic are advised to

A)take antimalarial drugs.
B)be vaccinated against malaria.
C)have an injection of malaria immunoglobulin if they have a fever.
D)all of the above.
E)none of the above.

Question 26

Which of the following is FALSE? Malaria is a disease that

A)can have severe symptoms involving the brain.
B)is called benign if the patient is intermittently well and ill.
C)is diagnosed by blood culture.
D)is transmitted by mosquitoes.
E)can be difficult to treat because of drug resistance.

Question 27

Schistosomiasis is not endemic in Australia because

A)it only occurs in desert areas.
B)the intermediate host is not found in Australia.
C)there is an effective vaccine available to high-risk people.
D)it has been eradicated.
E)none of the above.

Question 28

Infectious mononucleosis

A)is caused by the herpes virus.
B)causes a depletion of monocytes in the blood.
C)is spread by respiratory secretions.
D)rarely infects people over 4 years of age.
E)all of the above.

Question 29

Hand,foot and mouth disease

A)is acquired from infected cattle.
B)rarely occurs in developed countries.
C)can develop into a meningoencephalitis in some cases.
D)is caused by bacteria that are resistant to phagocytic cell enzymes.
E)all of the above.

Question 30

A critical enzyme of the human immunodeficiency virus that is a target of some anti-HIV drugs is

A)reverse transcriptase.
B)coagulase.
C)streptokinase.
D)DNase.
E)leukocidin.

Question 31

The main concern with toxoplasmosis is

A)there are no effective drugs for the disease.
B)it can cause a severe congenital infection.
C)it is carried by all cats.
D)it can't be readily diagnosed so many people remain infectious.
E)it causes severe suppression of the patient's immune system.

Question 32

The human immunodeficiency virus is transmitted

A)by heterosexual contact.
B)by homosexual contact.
C)via breast milk.
D)from mother to foetus.
E)all of the above.

Question 33

The Epstein-Barr virus is associated with

A)nasopharyngeal cancer.
B)glandular fever.
C)infectious mononucleosis.
D)Burkitt's lymphoma.
E)all of the above.

Question 34

Filariasis

A)is a rare disease throughout the world.
B)is caused by a fungus.
C)can lead to elephantiasis in repeated infections.
D)is spread by fleas.
E)all of the above.

Question 35

Which of the following statements about HIV is correct?

A)The virus infects cells carrying the CD4 receptor.
B)The viral DNA can remain dormant in some host cells for years.
C)Infection with HIV may be fatal because it damages the immune system.
D)Patients infected with HIV may die from opportunistic infections.
E)All of the above.

Question 36

Which of the following typically causes arthritis,a rash and flu-like symptoms?

A)Ross River virus.
B)Cytomegalovirus.
C)Yellow fever virus.
D)All of the above.
E)None of the above.

Question 37

Which of the following type of cells is the main target of the human immunodeficiency virus?

A)Monocytes.
B)Macrophages.
C)Neutrophils.
D)B lymphocytes.
E)T helper lymphocytes.

Question 38

Which of the following is TRUE concerning cytomegalovirus infection?

A)It can be spread during sexual intercourse.
B)It can be transmitted via the placenta from mother to foetus.
C)The virus is not cleared from the body when the patient recovers.
D)The infection is severe in the immunocompromised.
E)All of the above.

Question 39

Toxoplasmosis is

A)caused by a protozoan.
B)transmitted in cat faeces.
C)usually a mild infection in most adults.
D)all of the above.
E)none of the above.

Question 40

Which of the following would be the most likely cause of a disseminated fungal infection in a neutropenic patient?

A)Aspergillus.
B)Penicillium.
C)Streptomyces.
D)Microsporum.
E)Trichophyton.