Deck 13: Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer

Question 1

If Davis has high blood pressure, high blood glucose, and low levels of good cholesterol, which diagnosis will his physician most likely give?

A) Diabetes
B) Cardiovascular disease
C) Metabolic syndrome
D) Pre-diabetic

Answer 1

Metabolic syndrome

Question 2

De-oxygenated blood enters the heart via the

A) superior and inferior vena cava.
B) aorta.
C) right atrium.
D) left atrium.

Answer 2

superior and inferior vena cava.

Question 3

Diabetes is associated with all the following complications except

A) increased nerve sensitivity caused by hypoglycemia.
B) increased risk of heart attack and stroke.
C) decreased ability of the body to heal.
D) increased risk for blindness.

Answer 3

increased nerve sensitivity caused by hypoglycemia.

Question 4

Which ethnic group has the lowest risk of developing type 2 diabetes?

A) African Americans
B) Caucasians
C) Mexican Americans
D) Native Americans

Question 5

What portion of deaths in the United States every year are caused by cardiovascular disease and cancer combined?

A) More than a quarter
B) More than a third
C) More than half
D) More than two-thirds

Question 6

Cancer that involves cells of the immune system is known as

A) sarcomas.
B) leukemias.
C) carcinomas.
D) lymphomas.

Question 7

Stephanie engages in several health-risk behaviors, including smoking, lack of physical activity, and poor diet. If she chooses to change only one of these behaviors, which change will have the biggest impact on reducing her risk of developing a chronic disease?

A) Inactivity
B) Smoking
C) Poor diet
D) Each will have the same impact.

Question 8

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of adult mortality in the United States, causing more than

A) 2 in 10 deaths.
B) 3 in 10 deaths.
C) 4 in 10 deaths.
D) 5 in 10 deaths.

Question 9

Which of the following factors contributes to healthy blood pressure?

A) Having narrowed arteries
B) Having arteries that stretch and recoil
C) Having soft plaque buildup
D) Having sclerotic arteries

Question 10

Hardened and ruptured artery plaque may result in

A) plaque breaking off and moving through the bloodstream.
B) a clot in the artery that can cause a sudden heart attack or stroke.
C) blood flow being shunted to nearby arteries.
D) lower blood oxygen saturation.

Question 11

Depending on severity, coronary heart disease can cause all of the following except

A) angina.
B) sudden cardiac arrest.
C) high cholesterol.
D) heart attack.

Question 12

Blood travels back to the heart via the

A) arteries.
B) capillaries.
C) veins.
D) aorta.

Question 13

The type of cardiovascular disease responsible for the most deaths in the United States is

A) stroke.
B) congestive heart failure.
C) hypertension.
D) coronary heart disease.

Question 14

Which of the following is the most life-threatening form of an arrhythmia?

A) Atrial fibrillation
B) Tachycardia
C) Bradycardia
D) Ventricular fibrillation

Question 15

As of 2011, incidence of which chronic disease had more than doubled tripled over the previous 31 years?

A) Cancer
B) Cardiovascular disease
C) Diabetes
D) Osteoporosis

Question 16

Fred is a 60-year-old male who is obese and physically inactive. He was recently diagnosed with diabetes by his physician, but he is not taking supplemental insulin. Which type of diabetes does he likely have?

A) Type 1
B) Type 2
C) Type 1.5
D) Gestational

Question 17

All the following statements describe chronic disease except

A) it develops gradually.
B) it lasts for a long time.
C) it can easily be spread from one person to another.
D) it causes either continual symptoms or recurring bouts of illness.

Question 18

Jorge has a blood pressure reading of 120/80. This classifies him as having

A) normal blood pressure.
B) prehypertension.
C) stage 1 hypertension.
D) stage 2 hypertension.

Question 19

Amanda smokes a half pack of cigarettes per day, is inactive, and has a poor dietary intake. Which of the following chronic diseases is she at risk of developing?

A) Cardiovascular disease
B) Cancer
C) Diabetes
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 20

Which of the following factors may damage the inner linings of the arteries?

A) High blood pressure
B) Smoking
C) Certain types of infection
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 21

All of the following are inherent links to CVD except

A) being Asian American.
B) being over 65.
C) being male.
D) having a parent with CVD.

Question 22

The genetic link that is associated with risk for cancer can be attributed to

A) a cancerous gene being passed through the family blood line.
B) a weaker version of a protective gene passed through the family blood line.
C) similar hormonal levels evident in family members of the same sex.
D) behaviors such as smoking that may affect genetic predisposition through the family blood line.

Question 23

If a woman tests positive for HPV, she may be at increased risk for this form of cancer.

A) Breast
B) Cervical
C) Uterine
D) Colon

Question 24

All of the following are found in arterial plaque except

A) calcium.
B) cholesterol.
C) triglycerides.
D) c-reactive protein.

Question 25

All of the following are ways doctors look for signs of cancer except

A) biopsies.
B) lab tests that look for the presence of tumor markers.
C) unexplained weight gain.
D) DNA tests.

Question 26

All of the following behaviors can reduce a person's risk for cardiovascular disease except

A) not smoking.
B) limiting alcohol intake.
C) managing stress.
D) keeping LDL cholesterol levels high.

Question 27

Which type of cancer is most often associated with exposure to the sun?

A) Sarcoma
B) Lymphoma
C) Leukemia
D) Carcinoma

Question 28

It is important for Ariana to take all her prescribed antibiotics for strep throat, so that it doesn't lead to

A) ischemic stroke.
B) congestive heart failure.
C) rheumatic heart disease.
D) atherosclerosis.

Question 29

Hormone levels strongly influence this type of cancer in women.

A) Breast
B) Heart
C) Thyroid
D) Lymphoma

Question 30

The challenges our bodies face in defending cells against mutations include all the following except

A) some are more severe than the body can fix.
B) the frequency of the encounter with the carcinogen can overwhelm the body's defenses.
C) the body's defenses become inactive in response to the carcinogen.
D) in some people other features of their DNA diminish their body's ability to protect and repair cells.

Question 31

Which of the following ethnicities is at greatest risk of dying from cancer?

A) Asian Americans
B) Caucasians
C) Hispanics
D) African Americans

Question 32

What effect do statin type drugs have?

A) They lower blood pressure.
B) They lower blood cholesterol levels.
C) They lower blood glucose levels.
D) They slow the absorption of glucose into the bloodstream.

Question 33

Which of the following was found to be the most common risk factor for congestive heart failure?

A) Tachycardia
B) Coronary heart disease
C) Bradycardia
D) Hypertension

Question 34

Which hormone appears to increase the risk heart disease?

A) Testosterone
B) Androgen
C) Cortisol
D) Progesterone

Question 35

All of the following strategies for lowering cancer risk will also lower a person's risk for cardiovascular disease except

A) not smoking.
B) limiting alcohol consumption.
C) checking for the presence of radon in the home.
D) eating a variety of fresh fruits and vegetables.

Question 36

Exposure to radon puts a person at risk for which type of cancer?

A) Skin
B) Breast
C) Lung
D) Pancreatic

Question 37

A TIA is a milder form of

A) heart attack.
B) stroke.
C) heart valve disorder.
D) hypertension.

Question 38

Which of the following is a characteristic of type 1 diabetes only?

A) It develops in a woman during pregnancy.
B) It is characterized by insulin resistance.
C) A virus may be involved in its development.
D) Glucose accumulates in blood and causes high blood sugar levels.

Question 39

When cancer metastasizes it

A) becomes non-threatening.
B) attacks one area of the body.
C) reaches its full growth potential.
D) spreads to another area of the body.

Question 40

Which of the following screenings should a female with a family history of reproductive cancer and skin cancer have?

A) Monthly breast self-exams
B) Yearly skin cancer screening
C) HPV screening
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 41

Risk factors for lung cancer include all the following except

A) exposure to second-hand smoke.
B) a history of exposure to radon gas.
C) exposure to asbestos.
D) a family history of allergies and asthma.

Question 42

Testicular cancer primarily affects males in which age range?

A) 20-39
B) 12-18
C) 50-65
D) Over 65

Question 43

High levels of homocysteine in the blood are associated with an increased risk of

A) kidney disease.
B) stroke and myocardial infarction.
C) diabetes.
D) cancer.

Question 44

All of the following are risk factors for both ovarian cancer and breast cancer except

A) having two or more drinks a day on a regular basis.
B) mutations in BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 genes.
C) a family history of breast cancer.
D) never having children.

Question 45

Which of the following is the deadliest form of skin cancer?

A) Malignant melanoma
B) Basal cell carcinoma
C) Myeloma
D) Lymphoma

Question 46

National statistics suggest that more than half of young adults today will die of cancer, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease during their lifetime.

Question 47

All of the following detection methods rely on imaging technologies except

A) Biopsy.
B) Ultrasound.
C) MRI.
D) PET.

Question 48

All of the following increase a person's risk of cardiovascular disease except

A) high blood pressure.
B) dyslipidemia.
C) drug abuse.
D) blood glucose level of 100 mg/dl.

Question 49

When excess ________ degrade, they can leave cholesterol in the bloodstream that builds up inside of blood vessels.

A) low density lipoproteins
B) high density lipoproteins
C) triglycerides
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 50

Aside from lung cancer, smoking also increases a person's risk of which of the following cancers?

A) Pancreatic
B) Colorectal
C) Oral cancer
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 51

Which of the following may be a symptom of a stroke?

A) Vomiting
B) Blurred vision
C) Slurred speech
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 52

All of the following statements regarding lung cancer are true except

A) being exposed to radon can cause lung cancer even in non-smokers.
B) lung cancer is very easy to detect in its early stages.
C) non-smokers exposed to second-hand smoke are at increased risk for lung cancer.
D) chest pain can be a symptom of advanced lung cancer.

Question 53

A high level of C-reactive protein indicates

A) inflammation is going on somewhere in the body.
B) increased risk of stroke.
C) increased risk of diabetes.
D) increased risk of cancer.

Question 54

Which blood glucose level indicates prediabetes?

A) Below 100 mg/dl
B) 100-125 mg/dl
C) Above 126 mg/dl
D) Above 126 mg/dl and a A1C level of 6.5%

Question 55

Which treatment for cancer offers the greatest chances for cure?

A) Using surgery to remove tumors.
B) Using drugs to shrink malignant tumors.
C) Using drugs that disrupt a tumor's ability to grow.
D) All these are equally beneficial treatments.

Question 56

Julie has light skin that burns easily. Which of the following will decrease her risk for skin cancer?

A) Using a tanning bed instead of lying out in the sun.
B) Sunning on the beach using tanning lotion with an SFP of 4.
C) Wearing sunscreen, a hat, and protective clothing when she is outside.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 57

A procedure to build new pathways for blood to flow around areas of arterial blockage is called

A) balloon angioplasty.
B) coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
C) automated external defibrillator.
D) electrocardiogram.

Question 58

All of the following statements regarding pancreatic cancer are true except

A) signs rarely appear until the cancer is advanced.
B) being a diabetic increases a person's risk.
C) survival rates are low.
D) standard screening guidelines call for yearly checkups.

Question 59

All of the following increase a person's risk for colon cancer except

A) having a family history of polyps.
B) having Crohn's disease.
C) having a diet that is high in fiber.
D) being over 50.

Question 60

Which type of diabetes accounts for 90-95% of all adult diabetes cases?

A) Type 1
B) Type 1.5
C) Type 2
D) Gestational

Question 61

Getting regular exercise reduces a person's risk for diabetes and other chronic diseases.

Question 62

The aorta pumps oxygenated blood to the body.

Question 63

Aspirin works as a mild blood thinner and can reduce hypertension.

Question 64

Heavy alcohol consumption puts a person at a lower risk for oral cancer.

Question 65

Being overweight does not increase a person's risk for diabetes.

Question 66

An elevated A1C test puts a person at a higher risk for colon cancer.

Question 67

Having the hepatitis B virus increases a person's risk for bladder cancer.

Question 68

The primary cause of Type 1 diabetes is consuming too many carbohydrates.

Question 69

Most chronic diseases are a natural consequence of aging regardless of a person's lifestyle behavior.

Question 70

The systolic reading in blood pressure measurement records the resting phase of the heart.

Question 71

Diabetes is now one of the most common serious illnesses in the United States, impacting millions of Americans.

Question 72

Never having children puts a woman at risk for endometrial and ovarian cancer.

Question 73

Treatment for Type 1 diabetes requires several daily injections with a needle and syringe.

Question 74

Women with gestational diabetes are at a higher risk for Type 2 diabetes later in life.

Question 75

De-oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the arteries.

Question 76

Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA 2 gene protect against reproductive cancers.

Question 77

Gardisil, a vaccine proven to target the HPV virus has been shown to lower the rates of cervical cancer.

Question 78

African American males are more likely to be diagnosed with prostate cancer and are more likely to have an aggressive form.

Question 79

Hepatitis A is closely linked to liver cancer.

Question 80

What is a carcinogen? Give 2 examples.