Deck 2: Organizing and Visualizing Data

Question 1

A cumulative frequency distribution provides a running total of the frequencies in the classes.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

A Pareto chart and a pie chart are both types of categorical graphs.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

In contrast to quantitative data graphs that are plotted along a numerical scale, categorical graphs are plotted using non-numerical categories.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

One rule that must always be followed in constructing frequency distributions is that the adjacent classes must overlap.

Question 5

The table below shows the number of students registered in Accounting 101, Finance 101, Marketing 101 and Statistics 101.
What percent of the students is registered in Statistics 101?

A) 30%
B) 20%
C) 40%
D) 10%
E) 100%

Question 6

A scatter plot is useful for examining the relationship between two numerical variables.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is/are true?
I. Cross tabulation is a two-dimensional table that displays the frequency for two categorical variables.
II. Cross tabulation can be referred to as a contingency table.
III. Excel calls contingency table as pivot table.

A) I only
B) II only
C) III only
D) I and III only
E) all of the above

Question 8

A sample of 188 workers were asked whether they bring bagged lunch to work or buy lunch. The contingency table below displays the results by job type and their lunch choice.
How many of the workers surveyed were non-management and brought a bagged lunch?

A) 45
B) 57
C) 86
D) 103
E) 188

Question 9

A summary of data in which raw data are grouped into categories and the number of items in each category is listed is called a

A) frequency table.
B) summary statistics.
C) grouped frequency.
D) table of content.
E) none of the above

Question 10

The difference between the highest number and the lowest number in a set of data is called the differential frequency.

Question 11

A summary of data in which raw data are grouped into different intervals and the number of items in each group is listed is called a frequency distribution.

Question 12

A histogram can be described as a type of vertical bar chart.

Question 13

If the individual class frequency is divided by the total frequency, the result is the median frequency.

Question 14

A scatter plot shows how the numbers in a data set are scattered around their average.

Question 15

A cumulative frequency polygon is also called an ogive.

Question 16

A graphical representation of a frequency distribution is called a pie chart.

Question 17

In a histogram, the tallest bar represents the class with the highest cumulative frequency.

Question 18

A sample of 188 workers were asked whether they bring bagged lunch to work or buy lunch. The contingency table below displays the results by gender and their lunch choice.
What proportion of the workers surveyed were management and buy lunch?

A) 0.22
B) 0.24
C) 0.30
D) 0.46
E) 0.55

Question 19

For any given data set, a frequency distribution with a larger number of classes will always be better than the one with a smaller number of classes.

Question 20

A scatter plot is a two-dimensional graph plot of data containing pairs of observations on two numerical variables.

Question 21

Categorical data can be represented graphically by a(n)

A) histogram.
B) frequency polygon.
C) ogive.
D) bar chart.
E) none of the above

Question 22

Consider the following frequency distribution:
What is the midpoint of the first class?

A) 10
B) 20
C) 15
D) 30
E) 40

Question 23

Consider the following frequency distribution:
What is the cumulative frequency of the second class interval?

A) 25
B) 40
C) 15
D) 50

Question 24

The 2010 and 2012 market share data of the three competitors (Alston, Baren, and Clemson) in an oligopolistic industry are presented in the following pie charts. Total sales for this industry were $1.5 billion in 2010 and $1.8 billion in 2012. Clemson's sales in 2010 were ___.

A) $330 million
B) $630 million
C) $675 million
D) $828 million
E) $928 million

Question 25

According to the following graphic, "Bent Pins" account for ___% of PCB Failures.

A) 10
B) 20
C) 30
D) 40
E) 50

Question 26

The 2010 and 2012 market share data of the three competitors (Alston, Baren, and Clemson) in an oligopolistic industry are presented in the following pie charts. Total sales for this industry were $1.5 billion in 2010 and $1.8 billion in 2012. Baren's sales in 2010 were ___.

A) $342 million
B) $630 million
C) $675 million
D) $828 million
E) $928 million

Question 27

Which of the following would be most helpful in constructing a pie chart?

A) cumulative percent
B) relative frequency
C) ogive
D) frequency
E) none of the above

Question 28

An instructor made a frequency table of the scores his students got on a test:
Approximately what percent of students got more than 70?

A) 36
B) 20
C) 50
D) 10
E) 64

Question 29

Categorical data

A) are always nonnumeric.
B) may be either numeric or nonnumeric.
C) are always numeric.
D) indicate how many or how much.
E) none of the above

Question 30

A graph that can be used to represent data on two categorical variables simultaneously is called a(n)

A) Pareto chart.
B) ogive.
C) two variable bar chart.
D) contingency table.
E) histogram.

Question 31

The 2010 and 2012 market share data of the three competitors (Alston, Baren, and Clemson) in an oligopolistic industry are presented in the following pie charts.
Which of the following is true?

A) Only Baren share.
B) Only Clemson lost market share.
C) Alston lost market share.
D) Baren lost market share.
E) All companies lost market share.

Question 32

According to the following graphic, the most common cause of PCB Failures is a ___.

A) cracked trace
B) bent pin
C) missing part
D) solder bridge
E) wrong Part

Question 33

Consider the following frequency distribution:
What is the relative frequency of the first class?

A) 0.15
B) 0.30
C) 0.10
D) 0.20
E) 0.40

Question 34

An instructor has decided to graphically represent the grades on a test. The instructor uses a plus/minus grading system (i.e. she gives grades of A-, B+, etc.). Which of the following would provide the most information for the students?

A) a histogram
B) bar chart
C) a cumulative frequency distribution
D) a frequency distribution
E) a scatter plot

Question 35

The following graphic of PCB Failures is a ___.

A) scatter plot
B) Pareto chart
C) pie chart
D) cumulative histogram chart
E) line diagram

Question 36

An instructor made a frequency table of the scores his students got on a test:
The midpoint of the last class interval is ___.

A) 90
B) 5
C) 95
D) 100
E) 50

Question 37

Categorical data can be represented graphically by a(n)

A) histogram.
B) frequency polygon.
C) ogive.
D) pie chart.
E) none of the above

Question 38

The 2010 and 2012 market share data of the three competitors (Alston, Baren, and Clemson) in an oligopolistic industry are presented in the following pie charts:
Which of the following may be a false statement?

A) Sales revenues declined at Clemson.
B) Only Clemson lost market share.
C) Alston gained market share.
D) Baren gained market share.
E) Both Alston and Baren gained market share.

Question 39

The staffs of the Accounting and the Quality Control departments rated their respective supervisor's leadership style as either (1) authoritarian or (2) participatory. Sixty-eight percent of the accounting staff rated their supervisor "authoritarian," and thirty-two percent rated him "participatory." Forty percent of the quality control staff rated their supervisor "authoritarian," and sixty percent rated her "participatory." The best graphic depiction of these data would be two ___.

A) histograms
B) frequency polygons
C) ogives
D) pie charts
E) scatter plots

Question 40

The relative frequency of a category is computed by

A) dividing the frequency of the category by the sample size.
B) multiplying the frequency of the category by the sample size.
C) dividing the sample size by the frequency of the category.
D) frequency of the category.
E) none of the above

Question 41

A frequency distribution was developed. The lower endpoint of the first class is 9.30, and the midpoint is 9.35. What is the upper endpoint of this class?

A) 9.50
B) 9.60
C) 9.70
D) 9.40
E) 9.80

Question 42

Consider the relative frequency distribution given below:
There were 60 numbers in the data set. How many of the number were less than 80?

A) 90
B) 80
C) 0.9
D) 54
E) 100

Question 43

The number of phone calls arriving at a switchboard each hour has been recorded, and the following frequency distribution has been developed.
What is the midpoint of the last class?

A) 80
B) 100
C) 95
D) 90
E) 85

Question 44

Consider the following frequency distribution:
What is the cumulative frequency of the second class interval?

A) 25
B) 45
C) 70
D) 100
E) 250

Question 45

Consider the following frequency distribution:
What is the relative frequency of the second class interval?

A) 0.45
B) 0.70
C) 0.30
D) 0.33
E) 0.50

Question 46

Consider the relative frequency distribution given below:
There were 60 numbers in the data set. How many numbers were in the interval 40-under 60?

A) 30
B) 50
C) 18
D) 12
E) 15

Question 47

Abel Alonzo, Director of Human Resources, is exploring employee absenteeism at the Harrison Haulers Plant during the last operating year. A review of all personnel records indicated that absences ranged from zero to twenty-nine days per employee. The following class intervals were proposed for a frequency distribution of absences.

Which of the following might represent a problem with this set of intervals?

A) There are too few intervals.
B) Some numbers between 0 and 29 would not fall into any interval.
C) The first and second interval overlaps.
D) There are too many intervals.
E) The second and the third interval overlap.

Question 48

The number of phone calls arriving at a switchboard each hour has been recorded, and the following frequency distribution has been developed.
What is the cumulative frequency of the third class?

A) 80
B) 0.40
C) 155
D) 75
E) 105

Question 49

Pinky Bauer, Chief Financial Officer of Harrison Haulers, Inc., suspects irregularities in the payroll system and orders an inspection of "each and every payroll voucher issued since January 1, 2000." Each payroll voucher was inspected and the following frequency distribution was compiled.
The cumulative frequency of the second class interval is ___.

A) 1,500
B) 500
C) 900
D) 1,000
E) 1,200

Question 50

The number of phone calls arriving at a switchboard each hour has been recorded, and the following frequency distribution has been developed.
What is the relative frequency of the second class?

A) 0.455
B) 0.900
C) 0.225
D) 0.750
E) 0.725

Question 51

Pinky Bauer, Chief Financial Officer of Harrison Haulers, Inc., suspects irregularities in the payroll system and orders an inspection of "each and every payroll voucher issued since January 1, 2000." Each payroll voucher was inspected and the following frequency distribution was compiled.
The relative frequency of the first class interval is ___.

A) 0.50
B) 0.33
C) 0.40
D) 0.27
E) 0.67

Question 52

Consider the following frequency distribution:
What is the midpoint of the last class interval?

A) 15
B) 350
C) 300
D) 200
E) 400

Question 53

A person has decided to construct a frequency distribution for a set of data containing 60 numbers. The lowest number is 23 and the highest number is 68. If 7 classes are used, the class width should be approximately ___.

A) 5
B) 7
C) 9
D) 11
E) 12

Question 54

The following class intervals for a frequency distribution were developed to provide information regarding the starting salaries for students graduating from a particular school:
Before data was collected, someone questioned the validity of this arrangement. Which of the following represents a problem with this set of intervals?

A) There are too many intervals.
B) The class widths are too small.
C) The class widths are too large.
D) The second and the third interval overlap.
E) There are too few intervals.

Question 55

Abel Alonzo, Director of Human Resources, is exploring employee absenteeism at the Harrison Haulers Plant during the last operating year. A review of all personnel records indicated that absences ranged from zero to twenty-nine days per employee. The following class intervals were proposed for a frequency distribution of absences.
Which of the following represents a problem with this set of intervals?

A) There are too few intervals.
B) Some numbers between 0 and 29, inclusively, would not fall into any interval.
C) The first and second interval overlaps.
D) There are too many intervals.
E) The second and the third interval overlap.

Question 56

A person has decided to construct a frequency distribution for a set of data containing 60 numbers. The lowest number is 23 and the highest number is 68. If 5 classes are used, the class width should be approximately ___.

A) 4
B) 12
C) 8
D) 5
E) 9

Question 57

The cumulative frequency for a class is 27. The cumulative frequency for the next (non-empty) class will be ___.

A) less than 27
B) equal to 27
C) next class frequency minus 27
D) 27 minus the next class frequency
E) 27 plus the next class frequency

Question 58

Consider the relative frequency distribution given below:
There were 60 numbers in the data set. How many numbers were in the interval 20-under 40?

A) 12
B) 20
C) 40
D) 10
E) 15

Question 59

The following class intervals for a frequency distribution were developed to provide information regarding the starting salaries for students graduating from a particular school:
Before data was collected, someone questioned the validity of this arrangement. Which of the following represents a problem with this set of intervals?

A) There are too many intervals.
B) The class widths are too small.
C) Some numbers between 28,000 and 40,000 would fall into two different intervals.
D) The first and the second interval overlap.
E) There are too few intervals.

Question 60

Consider the following frequency distribution:
What is the midpoint of the first class?

A) 100
B) 150
C) 25
D) 250
E) 200

Question 61

Given two class intervals and their respective frequencies and relative frequencies, the ratio of the frequencies ___ the ratio of the relative frequencies.

A) is less than
B) is the same as
C) is larger than
D) could be less, equal, or larger than
E) less than or equal to

Question 62

Your company is doing market research to assess the feasibility of a new product. The market research team gathers pricing information of the 60 existing products in the market that would compete with your company's product. The most expensive brand is priced at $22.95, and the least expensive one at $20.59. If the relative frequency of the first class is 0.05 and the cumulative frequency for the second class is 10, then the relative frequency for the second class is

A) 0.05.
B) 0.11.
C) 0.12.
D) 0.17.
E) 1.67.

Question 63

Each day, the office staff at Oasis Quick Shop prepares a frequency distribution and an ogive of sales transactions by dollar value of the transactions. Saturday's cumulative frequency ogive follows: The percentage of sales transactions on Saturday that were under $100 each was ___.

A) 100
B) 10
C) 80
D) 20
E) 15

Question 64

Scott Brim, Chief Financial Officer of Space Mall, Inc., wants to better understand the biest business hours during the weekend. There are door sensors that approximately count the number of people who enter the mall. The table below presents the average number of people coming in during the weekend, for the last month:
The relative frequency of the fourth class interval is ___.

A) 0.07
B) 0.08
C) 0.14
D) 0.15
E) 0.38

Question 65

Each day, the manager at Jamie's Auto Care Shop prepares a frequency distribution and a histogram of sales transactions by dollar value of the transactions. Friday's histogram follows: On Friday, the approximate number of sales transactions in the 75-under 100 category was ___.

A) 50
B) 100
C) 150
D) 200
E) 60

Question 66

The class mark is the ___, and it is ___.

A) total number of class intervals in a frequency distribution; usually between 5 and 15
B) range of the observed values; the difference between the max and min values
C) width of the class intervals; approximately equal to the range divided by the number of classes
D) midpoint of each class interval; geometric mean of the class interval endpoints
E) midpoint of each class interval; arithmetic mean of the class interval endpoints

Question 67

Your company is doing market research to assess the feasibility of a new product. The market research team gathers pricing information of all the existing products that would compete with your company's product. The most expensive brand is priced at $22.95, and the least expensive one at $20.59. If a class width of 0.25 is used, then the number of classes will be

A) 9.
B) 9.4.
C) undetermined, so you can choose either 9 or 10.
D) undetermined, so you must choose another class width.
E) 10.

Question 68

In a frequency distribution, the first class interval begins at 18. The midpoint of the first class interval is 19.5, and the midpoint of the last class interval is 49.5. How many class intervals are there?

A) 11
B) 17
C) 22
D) 33
E) 34

Question 69

Your company is doing market research to assess the feasibility of a new product. The market research team gathers pricing information of all the existing products that would compete with your company's product. The most expensive brand is priced at $22.95, and the least expensive one at $20.59. If a class width of 0.25 is used, then the class mark of the first class interval will be

A) 20.50.
B) 20.59.
C) 20.63.
D) 21.75.
E) 23.09.

Question 70

Each day, the office staff at Oasis Quick Shop prepares a frequency distribution and an ogive of sales transactions by dollar value of the transactions. Saturday's cumulative frequency ogive follows: The total number of sales transactions on Saturday was ___.

A) 200
B) 500
C) 300
D) 100
E) 400

Question 71

The staff of Mr. Wayne Wertz, VP of Operations at Portland Peoples Bank, prepared a cumulative frequency ogive of waiting time for walk-in customers. The percentage of walk-in customers waiting one minute or less was ___.

A) 22%
B) 11%
C) 67%
D) 10%
E) 5%

Question 72

In a frequency distribution, the first class interval begins at 18. The midpoint of the first class interval is 19.5, and the last class interval ends at 51. How many class intervals are there?

A) 11
B) 17
C) 22
D) 33
E) 34

Question 73

The staff of Mr. Wayne Wertz, VP of Operations at Portland Peoples Bank, prepared a frequency histogram of waiting time for drive up ATM customers. Approximately ___ drive up ATM customers waited less than 2 minutes.

A) 20
B) 30
C) 100
D) 180
E) 200

Question 74

The staff of Mr. Wayne Wertz, VP of Operations at Portland Peoples Bank, prepared a cumulative frequency ogive of waiting time for walk-in customers. The percentage of walk-in customers waiting more than 6 minutes was ___.

A) 22%
B) 11%
C) 67%
D) 10%
E) 75%

Question 75

Each day, the manager at Jamie's Auto Care prepares a frequency distribution and a histogram of sales transactions by dollar value of the transactions. Friday's histogram follows: On Friday, the approximate number of sales transactions between $150 and $175 was ___.

A) 75
B) 200
C) 300
D) 400
E) 500

Question 76

Each day, the office staff at Oasis Quick Shop prepares a frequency distribution and an ogive of sales transactions by dollar value of the transactions. Saturday's cumulative frequency ogive follows: The percentage of sales transactions on Saturday that were at least $100 each was ___.

A) 100
B) 10
C) 80
D) 20
E) 15

Question 77

Each day, the office staff at Oasis Quick Shop prepares a frequency distribution and an ogive of sales transactions by dollar value of the transactions. Saturday's cumulative frequency ogive follows: The percentage of sales transactions on Saturday that were between $100 and $150 was ___.

A) 20%
B) 40%
C) 60%
D) 80%
E) 10%

Question 78

The staff of Mr. Wayne Wertz, VP of Operations at Portland Peoples Bank, prepared a cumulative frequency ogive of waiting time for walk-in customers. The total number of walk-in customers included in the study was ___.

A) 100
B) 250
C) 300
D) 450
E) 500

Question 79

The staff of Mr. Wayne Wertz, VP of Operations at Portland Peoples Bank, prepared a cumulative frequency ogive of waiting time for walk-in customers. The percentage of walk-in customers waiting between 1 and 6 minutes was ___.

A) 22%
B) 11%
C) 37%
D) 10%
E) 67%

Question 80

Pinky Bauer, Chief Financial Officer of Harrison Haulers, Inc., suspects irregularities in the payroll system and orders an inspection of "each and every payroll voucher issued since January 1, 2000." Each payroll voucher was inspected and the following frequency distribution was compiled.
The midpoint of the first class interval is ___.

A) 500
B) 2
C) 1.5
D) 1
E) 250