Deck 2: The Biological Perspective

Question 1

Which of the following provinces likely has the highest rate of multiple sclerosis?

A)Manitoba
B)British Columbia
C)Ontario
D)Quebec

Answer 1

Manitoba

Question 2

A/an ______ is a measure of how strongly two variables are related to each other.

A)independent variable
B)dependent variable
C)experimental effect
D)correlation

Answer 2

correlation

Question 3

Which research method involves watching behaviours as they occur without intervening or altering the behaviours in any way?

A)case study
B)experiment
C)correlational studies
D)naturalistic observation

Answer 3

naturalistic observation

Question 4

Which one of the following is NOT a function of the myelin sheath?

A)insulation from other axons
B)speeds up the neural message
C)protects the nerve fibre from damage
D)aids in reuptake

Question 5

What is one of the major reasons that psychologists use operational definitions?

A)to comply with legal requirements
B)to identify all the extraneous variables
C)so that effects can be measured
D)to explain research results so that nonpsychologists can understand

Question 6

Which of the following statements is correct concerning critical thinking and astrology?

A)Although there are many skeptics,astrology has strong evidence suggesting it is a valid science.
B)Research shows no connection between astrological signs and personality.
C)Astrology is used by a lot of people.
D)Astrology is based on stars and,therefore,it is scientific.

Question 7

Which neural peptide is responsible for the dulling of the pain response?

A)serotonin
B)dopamine
C)glutamate
D)endorphin

Question 8

When the neuron's action potential is released,__________ ions are rushing into the axon through openings on the membrane.

A)sodium
B)potassium
C)chloride
D)oxygen

Question 9

"Children who watch violent cartoons will become more aggressive." According to the scientific method,this statement is most likely a:

A)conclusion.
B)result.
C)hypothesis.
D)fact.

Question 10

When the action potential reaches the end of the axon terminals,it causes the release of:

A)an electrical spark that sets off the next neuron.
B)positively charged ions that excite the next cell.
C)negatively charged ions that inhibit the next cell.
D)neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit the next cell.

Question 11

Which of the following statements concerning critical thinking is incorrect?

A)There are few truths that need not be tested.
B)All evidence is not equal in quality.
C)Some authorities should not be questioned.
D)Critical thinking requires an open mind.

Question 12

Which cell type is considered the "glue" that holds the brain together?

A)neuron
B)brain cell
C)glial
D)cell body

Question 13

Which of the following is associated with sleep,mood,and appetite?

A)acetylcholine
B)GABA
C)serotonin
D)endorphin

Question 14

In the 1800s,Franz Gall popularized a pseudoscience called ________ that claimed to understand a person's personality through the study of the bumps on their skull.

A)phrenology
B)palmistry
C)graphology
D)astrology

Question 15

Who claimed that behaviour is affected by positive reinforcement?

A)William James
B)Sigmund Freud
C)B)F.Skinner
D)Wilhelm Wundt

Question 16

Which perspective assumes that human behaviour may have developed in certain directions because it served a useful function in preserving the species?

A)psychoanalysis
B)behaviourism
C)cognitive psychology
D)evolutionary psychology

Question 17

Receiving neurons have special ____________ that fit the shape of certain molecules.

A)synaptic vesicles
B)gaps
C)receptor sites
D)branches

Question 18

The question "What is happening?" refers to which of the following goals in psychology?

A)description
B)explanation
C)prediction
D)control

Question 19

Drugs classified as SSRIs do what?

A)They activate enzymes in the synapse that break down acetylcholine.
B)They block the reuptake of serotonin.
C)They block the reuptake of GABA.
D)They inactivate enzymes in the synapse that break down endorphins.

Question 20

Which part of the neuron receives messages from other cells?

A)axon
B)dendrite
C)soma
D)myelin

Question 21

Which of the following would be active if you are sleeping?

A)sympathetic division
B)parasympathetic division
C)somatic division
D)motor division

Question 22

Which part of the brain did Dr.Andres Lozano stimulate in order to help someone lose weight?

A)the hippocampus
B)the hypothalamus
C)the hindbrain
D)the amygdala

Question 23

What type of cell is responsible for the reproduction of other cells of the body?

A)blood cells
B)stem cells
C)neurons
D)basal cells

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a function of the sympathetic division?

A)increasing digestive activity to supply fuel for the body
B)dilating the pupils of the eyes
C)increasing the heart rate
D)increasing the activity of the lungs

Question 25

If you have problems storing new memories,the damage is most likely in the ____________ area of the brain.

A)hippocampus
B)hypothalamus
C)cerebellum
D)amygdala

Question 26

The higher mental functions,such as thinking and problem solving,are found in the ________________ lobe.

A)frontal
B)parietal
C)temporal
D)occipital

Question 27

In an old Twilight Zone episode,a man wakes up one morning to find that people around him are using words that make no sense to him,and they also don't seem to understand him.His wife tells him that their son forgot his dinosaur today,and when he looks puzzled,she holds up the son's lunchbox and repeats,"You know,his dinosaur." This man's predicament is most like which of the following disorders?

A)Wernicke's aphasia
B)Broca's aphasia
C)apraxia
D)spatial neglect

Question 28

Damage to which brain structure would most likely result in death?

A)medulla
B)cerebellum
C)reticular formation
D)pons

Question 29

Which brain structure is most responsible for our balance,posture,and muscle tone?

A)medulla
B)cerebellum
C)reticular formation
D)pons

Question 30

In which of the following lobes of the cortex would you find the primary auditory area?

A)frontal
B)temporal
C)occipital
D)parietal

Question 31

If you were to develop a rare condition in which signals from your eyes were sent to the area of the brain that processes sound,and signals from the ears were sent to the area of the brain that processes vision,which part of the brain would most likely be damaged?

A)hippocampus
B)hypothalamus
C)thalamus
D)amygdala

Question 32

Plasticity refers to:

A)the brain's ability to remain stable.
B)the brain's ability to change its shape and function as a consequence of experience.
C)the removal of dead brain tissue by glial cells.
D)the controlled response of a reflex arc.

Question 33

When researchers looked at Chris Benoit's 40-year-old brain,what did they find?

A)It looked like that of an 85-year-old man with Alzheimer's disease.
B)It looked like any other normal 40-year-old brain.
C)It was enlarged due to steroid use.
D)It looked like a 20-year-old brain because of Benoit's superior conditioning.

Question 34

Which of the following is the name for the thick band of neurons that connects the left and right sides of the cortex?

A)fornix
B)corpus callosum
C)Wernicke's area
D)thalamus

Question 35

The neurons of the somatic nervous system control:

A)stress reactions.
B)organs and glands.
C)involuntary muscles
D)voluntary muscles.

Question 36

If you are typing on the computer keyboard,the motions of your fingers on the keys are probably being controlled by:

A)the autonomic nervous system.
B)afferent neurons.
C)efferent neurons system.
D)autonomic neurons.

Question 37

If you burn your finger,your immediate reaction will probably involve all BUT which of the following?

A)the brain
B)the spinal cord
C)sensory neurons
D)motor neurons

Question 38

What are the initials of Canada's most famous amnesiac,whose condition led to the discovery that the hippocampus is the "gateway to memory"?

A)T)H.
B)H)F.
C)H)M.
D)Can't remember!

Question 39

Which of the following techniques for peeking inside the brain is associated with the work of Wilder Penfield?

A)electroencephalogram
B)electrical stimulation of the brain
C)magnetic resonance imaging
D)computed tomography

Question 40

Which of the following techniques uses a radioactive sugar to look at the functioning of the brain?

A)EEG
B)CT
C)MRI
D)PET

Question 41

Glial cells perform all of the following functions EXCEPT:

A)receive and sends messages throughout the nervous system.
B)deliver nutrients to neurons.
C)clean up waste products and dead neurons.
D)produce myelin to protect neurons.

Question 42

Which part of the neuron is responsible for maintaining the life of the cell?

A)axon
B)soma
C)dendrite
D)cell membrane

Question 43

The branchlike structures that RECEIVE messages from other neurons are called:

A)axons.
B)nerve bundles.
C)dendrites.
D)synapses.

Question 44

The nervous system is defined as:

A)a complex network of cells that carries information to and from all parts of the body.
B)a network of cells that regulates glands,internal organs,blood vessels,pupil dilation,digestion,and blood pressure.
C)all nerves and neurons that are not contained in the brain and spinal cord but that run throughout the body itself.
D)a pathway connecting the brain to the organs and muscles.

Question 45

One purpose of ____________________ is to speed up the neural message travelling down the axon.

A)receptor sites
B)the axon terminal
C)myelin
D)the synaptic vesicle

Question 46

Which type of cell makes up 10 percent of the brain?

A)neuron
B)glial cell
C)stem cells
D)afferent cells

Question 47

The two main divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________.

A)brain; spinal cord
B)autonomic; somatic nervous systems
C)peripheral nervous system; central nervous system
D)parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

Question 48

What are two roles of glial cells?

A)acting as insulation and providing structure to surrounding neurons
B)shaping cells and moving new neurons into place
C)regulating metabolic activity and serving as pain detectors
D)monitoring neural transmission and releasing hormones in the brain

Question 49

Glial cells make up ____________ of the brain's cells.

A)10 percent
B)30 percent
C)60 percent
D)90 percent

Question 50

The basic cell that makes up the nervous system and also sends and receives messages within that system is called a/an:

A)glial cell.
B)neuron.
C)axon.
D)dendrite.

Question 51

Which part of a neuron is attached to the soma and carries messages out to other cells?

A)soma
B)axon
C)dendrite
D)cell membrane

Question 52

Andrew never grew to be very tall.The doctor told his parents that Andrew's ______________ gland did not secrete enough growth hormone,causing his small stature.

A)pituitary
B)adrenal
C)thyroid
D)pancreas

Question 53

If the pancreas secretes too little insulin,it causes:

A)diabetes.
B)hypoglycemia.
C)hypothyroidism.
D)virilism.

Question 54

What is one of the functions of myelin?

A)to serve as a structure for neurons
B)to monitor neural activity
C)to speed up the neural impulse
D)to feed and provide nutrients to the neuron

Question 55

If you are a split-brain patient,which of the following would be true?

A)Objects in your left visual field would be easily named.
B)Objects in your left visual field are invisible.
C)Objects in your right visual field would be easily named.
D)Objects in your right visual field are invisible.

Question 56

The function of the neuron's axon is to:

A)carry messages to other cells.
B)regulate the neuron's life processes.
C)receive messages from neighbouring neurons.
D)insulate against leakage of electrical impulses.

Question 57

The part of a neuron that contains the nucleus and keeps the entire cell alive and functioning is the:

A)axon.
B)cell membrane.
C)dendrite.
D)soma.

Question 58

_________ receive messages from other neurons and _____________ send messages to other neurons.

A)Axons; dendrites
B)Axons; soma
C)Soma; glial cells
D)Dendrites; axons

Question 59

The function of _________________________ is to carry information to and from all parts of the body.

A)neurons
B)synapses
C)the nervous system
D)dendrites

Question 60

The endocrine glands secrete chemicals called:

A)pheromones into the bloodstream.
B)hormones into the bloodstream.
C)pheromones onto bodily tissues.
D)hormones onto bodily tissues.

Question 61

What is the term used to describe the rounded areas on the ends of the axon terminals?

A)synaptic vesicles
B)axons
C)dendrites
D)synaptic knobs

Question 62

The action potential causes neurotransmitters to be released into the:

A)myelin sheath.
B)axon.
C)synapse.
D)synaptic vesicle.

Question 63

What do we call the state of a neuron when it is not firing a neural impulse?

A)action potential
B)resting potential
C)neutralized
D)hyperpolarized

Question 64

"All or none" is the principle stating that:

A)a neuron either fires or does not fire.
B)a neuron fires at full strength or not at all.
C)all the dendrites must be receiving messages telling the neuron to fire or it will not fire at all.
D)all axons must be receiving messages telling the neuron to fire or it will not fire at all.

Question 65

What is the term used to describe the branches located at the end of the axon?

A)axon terminals
B)synaptic vesicles
C)dendrites
D)receptor sites

Question 66

Which structure is like a locked door that only certain neurotransmitter keys can unlock?

A)synapses
B)receptor sites
C)neural chiasms
D)response terminals

Question 67

_________________________ are holes in the surface of the dendrites or certain cells of the muscles and glands that are shaped to fit only certain neurotransmitters.

A)Neurotransmitters
B)Axons
C)Synaptic vesicles
D)Receptor sites

Question 68

A group of axons bundled together coated in myelin that travels together through the body is called:

A)myelin sheaths.
B)nerves.
C)the spinal cord.
D)a neural network.

Question 69

A fatty substance that is wrapped around the shaft of axons in the nervous system and whose function is to insulate neurons and speed up the neural impulse is called a:

A)synaptic vesicle.
B)dendrite.
C)glial cell.
D)myelin cell.

Question 70

The state during which a neuron contains more negatively charged ions inside the cell than outside the cell and is not firing is referred to as the:

A)action potential.
B)neutral potential.
C)null potential.
D)resting potential.

Question 71

The saclike structures found inside the synaptic knob containing chemicals are called:

A)axon terminals.
B)synaptic gaps.
C)synaptic vesicles.
D)receptor sites.

Question 72

_________neurotransmitters make it more likely that a neuron will send its message to other neurons,whereas _______ neurotransmitters make it less likely that a neuron will send its message.

A)Excitatory; inhibitory
B)Inhibitory; excitatory
C)Agonists; antagonists
D)Antagonists; agonists

Question 73

Damaged axons can be repaired in the body,but not in the brain or spinal cord.Only ______ cells generate axonal regrowth after an injury.

A)Schwann cells injury.
B)neurons
C)stem cells
D)red blood cells

Question 74

A nerve is a group of ______ bundled together.

A)axons
B)neurons
C)dendrites
D)glial cells

Question 75

The fluid-filled space between the synaptic knob of one cell and the dendrites of the next cell is called the:

A)receptor site.
B)synapse.
C)synaptic knob.
D)axon terminal.

Question 76

Which of the following are tiny sacs in a synaptic knob that release chemicals into the synapse?

A)synaptic vesicles
B)synaptic nodes
C)terminal buttons
D)synaptic gaps

Question 77

The term neurotransmitter refers to:

A)a chemical found in the synaptic vesicles that is released into the synapse.
B)any one of a number of chemical compounds that increase the activity of the endocrine system.
C)the chemical substance found in the cell membrane.
D)the DNA contained in the nucleus of every neuron.

Question 78

During action potential,the electrical charge inside the neuron is ______ the electrical charge outside the neuron.

A)positive compared to
B)larger than
C)negative compared to
D)smaller than

Question 79

The branches at the end of the axon are called:

A)axon terminals.
B)synaptic vesicles.
C)synapses.
D)receptor sites.

Question 80

A chemical found in the synaptic vesicles that,when released,has an effect on the next cell is called a:

A)glial cell.
B)neurotransmitter.
C)precursor cell.
D)synapse.