Deck 14: Community Corrections: Probation and Intermediate Sanctions

Question 1

Shock incarceration is an example of a low-control intermediate sanction.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Restitution orders are determined by prison wardens rather than judges.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Over half of probationers have no direct contact with their probation officer.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Fines are usually adjusted to account for wealth.

Question 5

Assets gained from forfeiture cannot be applied to the budgets of law enforcement agencies.

Question 6

Community corrections operates under the assumption that criminal behavior can be changed.

Question 7

The revocation of probation cannot result in incarceration.

Question 8

States can only use probation for misdemeanors.

Question 9

Individuals on probation have no constitutional rights.

Question 10

Probation works best when the judge and the supervising officer have close contact.

Question 11

Passive electronic monitoring systems send a constant stream of information to the receiver.

Question 12

When given the choice,many offenders choose prison over intensive supervision probation.

Question 13

Boot camp programs often provide aftercare to help offenders transition back into the community.

Question 14

Forfeiture is administered by the executive branch.

Question 15

In certain states,offenders serving community service are sometimes paid for their work.

Question 16

One problem for probation officers is their heavy caseload.

Question 17

Fines must be used in conjunction with some other form of punishment because merely paying a fine is not considered a punishment under the U.S.Constitution.

Question 18

Persons on probation can refuse drug tests because they interfere with the Fourth Amendment right to privacy.

Question 19

All crime victims can expect to receive full restitution from the offender(s)who harmed them.

Question 20

The U.S.Supreme Court ruled that home confinement violates the right to privacy.

Question 21

The crimes and criminal records of today's offenders are worse than those of offenders in previous eras.

Question 22

From 1995 to 2012,the number of Americans under community supervision grew from 3.7 million to 4.8 million.

Question 23

The goal of community corrections is to

A)punish the offender as severely as possible.
B)teach the offender to resist temptation by increasing the offender's contact with the criminal world.
C)punish the offender with the least restrictive alternative.
D)promote the idea that punishment is wrong.

Question 24

Which of the following is true regarding community corrections?

A)Offenders assigned to community corrections have committed offenses that are not serious.
B)Community supervision is more expensive than incarceration.
C)The rates of recidivism for those under community supervision are higher than the rates for those who go to prison.
D)Community supervision is more destructive to the offender than going to prison.

Question 25

Intermediate sanctions can be viewed as a continuum,or range,of punishments.

Question 26

Community supervision is more expensive than incarceration.

Question 27

Intensive Supervision Parole programs have been called "old-style" probation because each officer has only twenty clients and such programs require frequent face-to-face contact.

Question 28

The percentage of former prisoners who are rearrested for a similar offense is called the

A)return offender rate.
B)recriminalization rate.
C)recidivism rate.
D)redundancy rate.

Question 29

Boot camps put offenders through a three- to nine-month physical regimen designed to develop discipline and respect for authority.

Question 30

Intermediate sanctions are administered by the courts only.

Question 31

Most day reporting centers incorporate multiple correctional methods.

Question 32

Over the last twenty years,the challenges in community supervision have become fewer.

Question 33

The first statewide system of probation was in Delaware in 1880.

Question 34

Community corrections assumes that

A)only the offender needs to change.
B)only the community needs to change.
C)both the offender and the community need to adapt.
D)law enforcement needs to adapt to the needs of offenders.

Question 35

Community corrections programs enjoy broad support among the public and the media.

Question 36

The historical roots of probation can be traced to the procedures

A)of community supervision in France.
B)for reprieves and pardons in early English courts.
C)for forgiveness in Spanish courts.
D)of shock probation in Russian courts.

Question 37

The world's first probation officer was

A)James Ferguson,an Irish police officer.
B)Sir Robert Peel,head of the London police.
C)O.W.Wilson,an American police chief.
D)John Augustus,a Boston bootmaker.

Question 38

Which statement is false regarding home confinement?

A)Home confinement is problematic because crimes can be committed from home.
B)Electronic monitoring in home confinement is more expensive than imprisonment.
C)Home confinement raises right-to-privacy issues because governmental corrections supervision involves the invasion of a private home.
D)Electronic monitoring in home confinement may involve technical problems with the equipment.

Question 39

To be successful,community corrections programs must be given adequate resources.

Question 40

Advocates of intermediate sanctions have argued that they are less costly than incarceration.

Question 41

How much does the public support the use of community-based punishments rather than prison for nonviolent offenders?

A)Not as much support as correctional officials would like.
B)Few citizens support community-based punishments.
C)Most citizens are opposed to community-based punishments.
D)Most citizens report that they "don't care" what happens to offenders either way.

Question 42

Which statement is true about probation?

A)It is only used in combination with fines.
B)It is only used in combination with restitution.
C)It is only used in combination with community service.
D)It is used in combination with fines,restitution,and community service.

Question 43

What is the most likely punishment for a misdemeanor traffic violation?

A)Community service
B)Restitution
C)A fine
D)A warning

Question 44

Which of the following statements about fines is true?

A)Courts consider collecting them a priority.
B)Europe imposes them more than the United States.
C)Only the United States uses them as punishment.
D)They are always based on the offender's income.

Question 45

Like parole revocation,probation revocation

A)must be decided in a jury trial.
B)cannot be considered unless a new crime has been committed.
C)cannot be considered unless three conditions are violated.
D)requires a two-stage hearing process.

Question 46

Where is one most likely to find extensive use of day fines?

A)United States
B)Europe
C)Asia
D)Mexico

Question 47

Supervised release under specified conditions is called

A)time served.
B)parole.
C)probation.
D)seizure.

Question 48

The number of probationers currently under supervision has reached a record

A)low and is decreasing.
B)high and is increasing.
C)low,but is slowly starting to increase.
D)high,but is starting to decrease.

Question 49

Repayment by an offender to a victim who has suffered some form of financial loss is called

A)reparation.
B)making amends.
C)forfeiture.
D)restitution.

Question 50

When can home confinement be used in the criminal justice system?

A)During the pretrial period
B)After a short term in jail or prison
C)As a condition of probation
D)As a condition of parole

Question 51

The U.S.Supreme Court has decided that forfeitures

A)may sometimes violate the excessive fines clause of the Eighth Amendment.
B)always violate the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
C)can never result from a judicial order.
D)can involve homes but not automobiles.

Question 52

Technical violations that would cause an offender's probation to be revoked include which of the following?

A)Violating curfew
B)Failing a drug test
C)Using alcohol
D)All of the above

Question 53

Which is true concerning intermediate sanctions?

A)Judges use intermediate sanctions that only require a low level of control over offenders.
B)Judges use intermediate sanctions that only require a high level of control over offenders.
C)Judges use intermediate sanctions that require no control over offenders.
D)Judges use a range of intermediate sanctions requiring varying levels of control over offenders.

Question 54

Which branch of government administers the intermediate sanctions of fines,restitution,and forfeiture?

A)Executive
B)Legislative
C)Judicial
D)Bureaucratic

Question 55

The community is the primary administrator of

A)forfeiture.
B)restitution.
C)intensive probation supervision.
D)boot camp.

Question 56

Which statement represents a challenge faced by probation officers?

A)Caseloads are increasingly more violent.
B)Officers must prioritize certain individuals over others.
C)Risk classification methods are rarely used.
D)Most probationers are on electronic monitoring.

Question 57

Which of the following statements concerning probation is true?

A)All states use probation for serious offenders in the same way.
B)States only use probation for misdemeanor offenders.
C)States never use probation for serious offenders.
D)Some states are considering whether to use probation for more serious offenders.

Question 58

Which is likely to be assigned as a form of community service?

A)Cleaning laundry while incarcerated
B)Working part-time at a fast food restaurant
C)Wearing an electronic monitoring device
D)Cleaning parks and roadsides

Question 59

The judiciary administers

A)home confinement.
B)boot camp.
C)day reporting centers.
D)fines.

Question 60

At a combined probation-revocation and sentencing hearing,the probationer is

A)not permitted to attend.
B)being tried on new criminal charges.
C)subject to a "three-strikes" sentence.
D)entitled to be represented by counsel.

Question 61

Which is an example of shock incarceration?

A)Electronic monitoring
B)Boot camp
C)Recidivism
D)Day reporting centers

Question 62

Megan is a probation officer who has recently been assigned a client who will need much closer monitoring than her coworkers' clients.Her client was sentenced to six years of probation for manufacturing methamphetamine with intent to distribute.Megan's client must pay for property damage to his apartment that occurred during the manufacturing process.The money he will pay back to his landlord is considered

A)community service.
B)a fine.
C)restitution.
D)forfeiture.

Question 63

Chan Le is a probation officer who is employed by the state.Chan Le has an extremely large caseload and often gets overwhelmed by the requirements of his job.In the middle of the night,Chan Le is called to respond to one of his new clients who has been caught shoplifting a small amount of merchandise from a local department store.Two days prior,this same client had failed a drug test.When Chan Le's client failed his drug test,he committed a

A)crime.
B)technical violation.
C)permanent violation.
D)legal violation.

Question 64

_____ is a means of dealing with offenders who need greater restrictions than traditional community-based programs can provide.

A)Intensive supervision probation
B)Shock incarceration
C)House arrest
D)Probation

Question 65

Which is not one of the issues that critics claim to have been caused by intermediate sanctions?

A)Wider nets
B)Empty nets
C)Stronger nets
D)Different nets

Question 66

Which statement is true about boot camps?

A)They significantly reduce recidivism.
B)They help to reduce prison overcrowding.
C)Graduates are less likely to commit new crimes.
D)There are more in operation every year.

Question 67

Megan is a probation officer who has recently been assigned a client who will need much closer monitoring than her coworkers' clients.Her client was sentenced to six years of probation for manufacturing methamphetamine with intent to distribute.The client has conditions to his probation,including a period of time that he must spend at home as well as a repayment plan for property damage that occurred during the manufacturing process.Megan's client's biggest obstacle to successful completion of probation is the home environment in which he lives.Megan's client is most likely participating in which type of probation?

A)Probation diversion
B)Institutional diversion
C)Tiered diversion
D)Effective diversion

Question 68

Chan Le is a probation officer who is employed by the state.Chan Le has an extremely large caseload and often gets overwhelmed by the requirements of his job.In the middle of the night,Chan Le is called to respond to one of his new clients who has been caught shoplifting a small amount of merchandise from a local department store.Two days prior,this same client had failed a drug test.Which of the following actions would Chan Le not be able to take?

A)Lecture the client.
B)Increase his contacts with the client.
C)Revoke the client's probation.
D)Extend the client's sentence.

Question 69

Offenders who have been sentenced to ____________ are allowed to go to a place of employment,education,or treatment during the day but must return to their homes by a specified hour.

A)community service
B)intensive supervision probation
C)day recovery centers
D)home confinement

Question 70

Megan is a probation officer whose caseload equals the national average.She has ______ clients.

A)50
B)80
C)150
D)300

Question 71

The recidivism rate for probationers is ___________ the rate for those who have been incarcerated.

A)much higher than
B)lower than
C)the same as
D)slightly above

Question 72

A drug treatment program in which offenders must submit to daily drug testing would likely be incorporated with

A)intensive supervision probation.
B)a halfway house.
C)home confinement.
D)Any of the above

Question 73

Chan Le is a probation officer who is employed by the state.Chan Le has an extremely large caseload and often gets overwhelmed by the requirements of his job.In the middle of the night,Chan Le is called to respond to one of his new clients who has been caught shoplifting a small amount of merchandise from a local department store.Two days prior,this same client had failed a drug test.If Chan Le tries to have his client's probation revoked,the client will first need to have a(n)

A)preliminary hearing.
B)disposition.
C)adjudication.
D)finding of fact hearing.

Question 74

Chan Le is a probation officer who is employed by the state.Chan Le has an extremely large caseload and often gets overwhelmed by the requirements of his job.In the middle of the night,Chan Le is called to respond to one of his new clients who has been caught shoplifting a small amount of merchandise from a local department store.Two days prior,this same client had failed a drug test.Which is true about Chan Le's role in the revocation and termination of the client's probation?

A)Chan Le has some discretion as to whether he will recommend revocation for a technical offense.
B)Chan Le is required to recommend revocation for a technical offense.
C)Chan Le has no role in the decision regarding whether to recommend revocation; rather,it is up a judge's discretion.
D)None of these are correct.

Question 75

Megan is a probation officer.If one of Megan's clients were to commit a crime,the client would be in _______ violation of parole.

A)irreversible
B)specific
C)technical
D)general

Question 76

Megan is a probation officer whose caseload equals the national average.If Megan's caseload increases substantially,she might have to

A)rely on volunteers for help.
B)submit more cases for revocation.
C)remand the cases to a court for dismissal.
D)terminate the cases she has.

Question 77

Which statement is true concerning community corrections?

A)Community corrections receive considerable public support.
B)Community corrections suffer from a reputation of being "soft on crime."
C)Local governments generally have a surplus of resources for community corrections.
D)Community corrections are declining.

Question 78

With the passage of two laws in 1970,the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO)and the Continuing Criminal Enterprise Act (CCE),Congress resurrected _________,which is the government seizure of property.

A)restitution
B)forfeiture
C)fines
D)repayment

Question 79

Megan is a probation officer who has recently been assigned a client who will need much closer monitoring than her coworkers' clients.Her client was sentenced to six years of probation for manufacturing methamphetamine with intent to distribute.Megan's client is forced to spend specified periods of time in his home as part of his probation; this is referred to as

A)restitution.
B)a fine.
C)home confinement.
D)day reporting.

Question 80

Chan Le is a probation officer who is employed by the state.Chan Le has an extremely large caseload and often gets overwhelmed by the requirements of his job.One of Chan Le's clients,Carlos,served two years of prison time for theft.He has been out of prison for a year,and was just arrested for car theft,along with his brother José,who has not previously done time.José has a(n)________ probability of recidivism on probation as compared to Carlos.

A)increased
B)decreased
C)equal
D)slightly increased