Deck 1: Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Which of the following are both AV valves?

A)Tricuspid and mitral valves
B)Aortic and mitral valves
C)Mitral and pulmonic valves
D)Aortic and pulmonic valves

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The structure that prevents backflow of blood is the

A)trabeculae carnae.
B)superior vena cava.
C)papillary muscle.
D)valve.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Heart valves serve what purpose?

A)They prevent blood from flowing forward.
B)They prevent oxygenated blood from flowing through the coronary arteries.
C)They prevent backflow of blood.
D)They control the heart's electrical signals.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The top of the heart where the great vessels emerge is the

A)apex.
B)base.
C)chordae tendonae.
D)tricuspid valve.

Question 5

The fibrous tissue that divides the heart into right and left sides is the

A)chordae tendonae.
B)papillary muscle.
C)septum.
D)pulmonic valve.

Question 6

Pericardial fluid

A)decreases friction of the pericardial layers as they rub against each other.
B)prevents backflow of blood from one chamber to the other.
C)circulates through the heart's chambers.
D)lubricates the electrical system of the heart.

Question 7

The valve that separates the right atrium and right ventricle is the

A)mitral valve.
B)pulmonic valve.
C)aortic valve.
D)tricuspid valve.

Question 8

The second heart sound (S2)is associated with closure of which heart valves?

A)Mitral and aortic
B)Tricuspid and pulmonic
C)Tricuspid and mitral
D)Aortic and pulmonic

Question 9

The first heart sound (S1)is associated with closure of which heart valves?

A)Mitral and aortic
B)Tricuspid and pulmonic
C)Tricuspid and mitral
D)Aortic and pulmonic

Question 10

Through which structure must blood travel in order to leave the right ventricle?

A)Right atrium
B)Tricuspid valve
C)Left ventricle
D)Pulmonic valve

Question 11

The heart's valves open and close in response to changes in

A)oxygenation.
B)sodium and potassium concentration.
C)pressure.
D)the heart's pacemaker.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the right atrium is TRUE?

A)It is a receiving chamber for oxygenated blood returning from the lungs.
B)It is the major pumping chamber of the heart.
C)It is about 100% saturated with oxygen.
D)It is the receiving chamber for deoxygenated blood coming from the vena cava.

Question 13

The heart valve found at the opening of the pulmonary artery is the

A)aortic valve.
B)tricuspid valve.
C)mitral valve.
D)pulmonic valve.

Question 14

What causes heart sounds?

A)Blood traveling through the heart
B)Opening of the heart valves
C)Closing of the heart valves
D)Blood hitting an obstruction in the peripheral circulation

Question 15

The normal heart is the size of a

A)foot.
B)cherry.
C)man's fist.
D)watermelon.

Question 16

Which heart chamber delivers oxygenated blood to the entire body?

A)Right atrium
B)Right ventricle
C)Left atrium
D)Left ventricle

Question 17

The innermost layer of the heart is the

A)epicardium.
B)pericardium.
C)endocardium.
D)myocardium.

Question 18

The apex of the heart is located at the

A)top of the heart,where the great vessels emerge.
B)right side of the heart.
C)bottom of the heart,at the leftmost tip.
D)back wall of the heart.

Question 19

Which of these statements about the pericardium is NOT true?

A)It anchors the heart to the diaphragm and great vessels.
B)It is a two-layer sac enclosing the heart.
C)It serves as protection for the heart.
D)It is the wall of the heart that is damaged in a heart attack.

Question 20

The layer of the heart that is damaged during a heart attack is the

A)epicardium.
B)pericardium.
C)endocardium.
D)myocardium.

Question 21

Together,the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system make up the

A)peripheral nervous system.
B)automatic nervous system.
C)central nervous system.
D)autonomic nervous system.

Question 22

The vessel that delivers oxygenated blood to the anterior wall of the left ventricle is the

A)left main coronary artery.
B)coronary vein.
C)right coronary artery.
D)left anterior descending coronary artery.

Question 23

Stimulation of the vagus nerve

A)causes the release of norepinephrine and triggers the rest-and-digest response.
B)causes the release of norepinephrine and triggers the fight-or-flight response.
C)causes the release of acetylcholine and triggers the rest-and-digest response.
D)causes the release of acetylcholine and triggers the fight-or-flight response.

Question 24

The electrical signals that tell the heart when to beat are created and transmitted by

A)conduction system cells.
B)coronary system cells.
C)contractile cells.
D)circumflex cells.

Question 25

Which valves open to allow the ventricles to fill?

A)Aortic and pulmonic
B)Tricuspid and pulmonic
C)Tricuspid and mitral
D)Aortic and mitral

Question 26

Which type of cardiac cells cause the heart muscle to contract?

A)Conduction system cells
B)Coronary system cells
C)Contractile cells
D)Circumflex cells

Question 27

In which two chambers of the heart does blood have an oxygen concentration of nearly 100%?

A)Right atrium and right ventricle
B)Left atrium and left ventricle
C)Right atrium and left ventricle
D)Left atrium and right ventricle

Question 28

Pulmonary veins deliver blood to the

A)right atrium.
B)left atrium.
C)right ventricle.
D)left ventricle.

Question 29

The fight-or-flight response is

A)associated with the sympathetic nervous system and mediated by acetylcholine.
B)associated with the sympathetic nervous system and mediated by norepinephrine.
C)associated with the parasympathetic nervous system and mediated by acetylcholine.
D)associated with the parasympathetic nervous system and mediated by norepinephrine.

Question 30

The epicardium is the layer of the heart that is damaged during a heart attack.

Question 31

Which is TRUE about the rest-and-digest response?

A)It is a function of the sympathetic nervous system.
B)It results in increased heart rate and blood pressure.
C)It slows down digestion.
D)It decreases heart rate and blood pressure.

Question 32

Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow through the peripheral circulation?

A)Arteries-veins-vena cava-capillaries
B)Arteries-arterioles-capillaries-venules-veins
C)Veins-venules-capillaries-arterioles-arteries
D)Capillaries-arterioles and venules-arteries and veins

Question 33

The coronary circulation supplies oxygenated blood to the myocardium during

A)ventricular ejection.
B)diastole.
C)the entire cardiac cycle.
D)isovolumetric contraction.

Question 34

The semilunar valves open when the

A)atrial pressure exceeds the ventricular pressure.
B)atrial and ventricular pressures are equal.
C)ventricular pressure exceeds the aortic and pulmonary arterial pressures.
D)impulse arrives at the AV node.

Question 35

When oxygenated blood enters the heart,it flows

A)from the pulmonary artery into the left ventricle.
B)from the cardiac veins into the right atrium.
C)from the pulmonary veins into the left atrium.
D)from the superior vena cava into the right ventricle.

Question 36

The inferior vena cava returns deoxygenated blood to the heart from

A)the head and neck.
B)the coronary circulation.
C)the lower extremities and abdomen.
D)none of these-the vena cava carries oxygenated blood.

Question 37

Through which vessel does oxygenated blood enter the capillaries?

A)Aorta
B)Veins
C)Venules
D)Arterioles

Question 38

The parasympathetic nervous system causes

A)slowed digestion.
B)decrease in heart rate.
C)pupillary dilation.
D)increase in blood pressure.

Question 39

The vessel that delivers oxygenated blood to the capillary bed is the

A)artery.
B)vein.
C)arteriole.
D)venule.

Question 40

The cardiac cycle's two phases are

A)systole and diastole.
B)isovolumetric relaxation and contraction.
C)preload and afterload.
D)atrial kick and ventricular filling.

Question 41

The cardiac cycle refers to the mechanical events that occur to ________.

Question 42

The layer of the heart that does the work of contracting is the endocardium.

Question 43

The fluid found between the layers of the pericardium is called ________.

Question 44

The vena cava is a large artery that carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Question 45

The first phase of diastole is called the atrial kick,and it is the phase during which the atria fill with blood from the ventricles.

Question 46

The semilunar valves are the aortic and mitral valves.

Question 47

The ________ is the chamber that receives blood from the superior and inferior venae cavae.

Question 48

The left atrium pumps blood into the right atrium.

Question 49

The heart has three layers: the endocardium,myocardium,and epicardium.

Question 50

The half-moon-shaped valves are the ________ and the ________.

Question 51

The three main coronary arteries are the aorta,the left main,and the chordae tendonae.

Question 52

The heart chamber that has the greatest workload is the right atrium,as it pumps blood out to the entire body.

Question 53

The job of the heart valves is to prevent backflow of blood.

Question 54

The right atrium is a thin-walled receiving chamber for newly oxygenated blood from the lungs.

Question 55

The pericardium is a double-walled sac that encloses the heart and serves as support and protection.

Question 56

The tricuspid valve separates the ________ from the ________.

Question 57

The phase of systole that results in the greatest consumption of myocardial oxygen is isovolumetric contraction.

Question 58

The heart's top and bottom chambers are separated by valves that prevent backflow of blood.

Question 59

The ________ is the layer of the heart that contains the cardiac conduction system.

Question 60

The heart is composed primarily of muscle.

Question 61

The coronary artery that feeds blood to the lateral wall of the left ventricle is the ________.

Question 62

The two phases of the cardiac cycle are systole and ________.

Question 63

The superior vena cava returns blood to the right atrium from the ________.

Question 64

The normal amount of blood circulated by the heart every minute is ________ liters.

Question 65

The function of the heart is to ________.

Question 66

The coronary artery that feeds blood to the right ventricle and the inferior wall of the left ventricle is the ________.