Deck 6: Basic Exercise: Passive and Active Range of Motion

Question 1

In which condition is full lengthening of the extrinsic finger flexors contraindicated?

A) Spinal cord injury with C6 nerve root sparing
B) Radial head fracture
C) Medial epicondylitis
D) Shoulder impingement

Answer 1

A
The patient with a spinal cord injury that has spared the C6 nerve root may benefit from tightness or limited range of the extrinsic finger flexors.Limited range of the finger flexors,when combined with active wrist extension,can provide the person with a passive grasp known as a "tenodesis" grasp.

Question 2

Which type of muscle contraction describes a controlled and consistent speed of contraction?

A) Isotonic
B) Isometric
C) Isokinetic
D) None of the above

Answer 2

C
Isokinetic exercise is possible when specific equipment is used.Isokinetic exercise equipment controls the speed of the patient's contractions and produces a variable resistance to the muscle as it contracts through its arc or ROM.Published studies indicate that isokinetic exercise strengthens muscle more efficiently than other forms of resistive isotonic (concentric or eccentric)exercise.

Question 3

Which type of muscle contraction describes a relative shortening of the muscle?

A) Concentric
B) Eccentric
C) Isometric
D) Isokinetic

Answer 3

A
When a muscle contracts concentrically,its fibers cause a relative shortening of the muscle.When a muscle contracts eccentrically,its fibers allow a relative lengthening of the muscle.An isometric muscle contraction produces little or no observable joint motion and no significant change in the length of the muscle.

Question 4

In which cardinal plane does rotation occur?

A) Sagittal
B) Frontal
C) Scapular
D) Transverse

Question 5

Which diagonal pattern involves hip flexion,adduction,and external rotation; ankle dorsiflexion and inversion; and toe extension?

A) D1 flexion of the lower extremity
B) D1 extension of the lower extremity
C) D2 flexion of the lower extremity
D) D2 extension of the lower extremity

Question 6

If a joint or soft tissue is painful when moved through its range,or when inflammation is present in the area,which type of exercise should be used to maintain muscle tone?

A) Isokinetic
B) Isotonic
C) Isometric
D) Eccentric

Question 7

Which are not examples of multijoint muscles?

A) Rectus femoris and parts of the hamstrings
B) Biceps brachii and long head of the triceps brachii
C) Extensor digitorum and flexor digitorum
D) Gastrocnemius and soleus

Question 8

Which type of motion involves no voluntary contraction of muscle and,therefore,will not help prevent muscle atrophy?

A) Passive range of motion (PROM)
B) Active range of motion (AROM)
C) Active assistive range of motion (AAROM)
D) All of the above involve voluntary muscle contraction

Question 9

How should the hands of a caregiver be placed during an attempt to facilitate a muscle contraction?

A) Directly over the contracting muscles
B) Directly over the muscles that are required to relax
C) Directly lateral to the contracting muscles
D) Over the distal portion of the muscle tendons

Question 10

What symptoms indicate a positive vertebral artery occlusion test?

A) Numbness or tingling of the hands
B) Dizziness, diplopia, or visual disturbances
C) Jaw pain and distal muscle weakness
D) Fever and difficulty breathing

Question 11

Which cardinal plane divides the body into left and right components?

A) Sagittal
B) Frontal
C) Coronal
D) Transverse

Question 12

What degree of hip flexion is contraindicated for a patient who has recently undergone a total hip replacement posteriorly?

A) 40 degrees
B) 75 degrees
C) 90 degrees
D) 115 degrees

Question 13

When a person is supine,how do the shoulder extensors function from 0 to 90 degrees of active shoulder flexion?

A) Isometrically
B) Concentrically
C) Eccentrically
D) None of the above

Question 14

What pathology would cause an abnormal bony end feel?

A) Meniscus tear
B) Acute subacromial bursitis
C) Frozen shoulder
D) Osteophyte formation

Question 15

In general,according to the length-tension curve of a muscle,during which portion of a muscle's range is it capable of developing the greatest tension during an isotonic contraction?

A) Beginning ranges
B) Midranges
C) End ranges
D) Tension develops equally throughout a muscle's range

Question 16

How should patients be instructed to breathe when performing active resistive exercises?

A) Slowly
B) Normally
C) Rapidly
D) Breath should be held

Question 17

Which end feel would be described as "firm"?

A) When soft tissues are compressed, as in elbow flexion
B) When joint capsules or ligaments are stretched, as in hip rotation
C) When a bony block is reached, as in elbow extension
D) When no end feel is elicited because the patient does not permit full motion to occur

Question 18

What is an example of a muscle setting exercise,a type of isometric contraction?

A) Biceps curls
B) Squats
C) Gluteus maximus squeezes
D) Hamstring stretching

Question 19

Which type of range-of-motion exercise is most appropriate at the site of an unhealed fracture?

A) PROM
B) AROM
C) AAROM
D) All of the above are appropriate

Question 20

What planes of motion are most closely associated with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF)?

A) Straight planes
B) Frontal and sagittal planes only
C) Transverse and sagittal planes only
D) Diagonal planes