Deck 12: Abuse and Addiction to Hallucinogens

Question 1

Gemma is at a party and tells you she is experiencing a profound sense of euphoria, extreme closeness to every other human and animal on the planet, and increased energy. She tells you she's never felt so good about herself in her life. You notice that she is sucking on a baby pacifier. Gemma is most likely using which of the following hallucinogens?

A) Phencyclidine
B) "Magic mushrooms"
C) MDMA
D) LSD

Answer 1

MDMA

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the negative effects one could expect to experience in the first phase of the LSD "trip?"

A) Tachycardia
B) Dilation of the pupils
C) Increased blood pressure
D) Hypersomnia

Answer 2

Hypersomnia

Question 3

LSD-induced hallucinations most commonly begin after the compound is ingested by the user.

A) within 60 minutes
B) within 4 hours
C) within 12 hours
D) within 3-6 seconds

Answer 3

within 60 minutes

Question 4

There is controversy regarding whether MDMA causes long-term

A) dehydration.
B) heart disease.
C) hypothermia.
D) cognitive impairment.

Question 5

The lethal dosage level of LSD is

A) not known.
B) approximately 150 times the effective dose.
C) approximately 2,000 times the effective dose.
D) approximately 8,000 micrograms per kilogram of body weight.

Question 6

The compound found in certain mushrooms used for their hallucinogenic effect is

A) phencyclidine.
B) psilocybin.
C) peyote.
D) ergot.

Question 7

You know a friend recently ingested LSD. Your friend suddenly starts to cry uncontrollably. Based on your reading, you would assume that your friend is in the phase of the LSD experience.

A) third
B) first
C) second
D) fourth

Question 8

The most common route of administration of MDMA is

A) inhaling.
B) intranasally.
C) orally.
D) intravenously.

Question 9

According to your text, phencyclidine tends to accumulate in

A) adipose tissues.
B) pancreatic tissues.
C) bone marrow.
D) blood vessel walls.

Question 10

Approximately compounds have been found in various plants that have a psychogenic effect:

A) 10,000
B) 50
C) 100
D) 1,000

Question 11

According to your text, one plant with psychoactive effects not often thought of as falling into this category is

A) coca plants.
B) tobacco plants.
C) Aspen tree bark.
D) wild corn stalks.

Question 12

What is the most common route of administration for LSD?

A) Inhalation
B) Intranasally
C) Orally
D) Intravenously

Question 13

Anthropologists believe that the peyote cactus has been used for religious ceremonies for at least

A) 15,000 years.
B) 12,000 years.
C) 8,000 years.
D) 4,000 years.

Question 14

Rodney occasionally uses hallucinogens. At a party one night, he tells you he is feeling immense power and that his arms are no longer connected to his body. Later that night, he seems extremely irritable and gets into a fight with some of the other partygoers. Rodney is most likely using which of the following hallucinogens?

A) Phencyclidine
B) "Magic mushrooms"
C) MDMA
D) LSD

Question 15

There are no known medical applications for any hallucinogens at this time. Which of the following statements is also true?

A) There is ongoing research to determine whether there might possibly be a medicinal value to a compound in natural hallucinogens.
B) The Drug Enforcement Administration is the main source of funding for such research, which means virtually no research will be done in this area according to your text.
C) Their use as herbal medicines is limited to the indigenous peoples of Alaska.
D) There will never be any such research because of their status as agents used in religious ceremonies for certain indigenous peoples in North America.

Question 16

In 1943, scientist Albert Hoffman discovered LSD from

A) fenfluramine.
B) the belladonna plant.
C) a mushroom.
D) a rye fungus.

Question 17

LSD is chemically similar to which neurotransmitter?

A) Serotonin
B) GABA
C) Dopamine
D) Acetylcholine

Question 18

Case reports suggest that using LSD with might bring on LSD­related "flashbacks."

A) benzodiazepines
B) barbiturates
C) SSRIs
D) aspirin

Question 19

According to your textbook, which of the following is NOT a likely consequence of PCP abuse?

A) Period of weight gain after recovery from the drug's effects
B) Suicidal depression following PCP abuse
C) Assaultiveness during the acute phase of PCP's effects
D) Psychotic reaction

Question 20

The "consent for participation in experiment" forms that the United States Army had test subjects sign prior to their involvement in experiments involving hallucinogens in the 1950s

A) were lost in the fires that resulted from the September 11 attack on the Pentagon.
B) did not ever exist.
C) were not specific to research involving chemical warfare agents; therefore, the recruits were entitled to monetary settlement after a class action lawsuit.
D) were filled out and filed with the CIA, not the Army, and the CIA retains custody of these forms.

Question 21

The effects of a single dose of MDMA are usually experienced within

A) 30-60 minutes.
B) 2 hours.
C) 90 minutes.
D) 3-4 minutes.

Question 22

Between percent of LSD abusers will experience at least one "flashback" episode.

A) 12 and 22
B) 15 and 45
C) 15 and 77
D) 80 and 85

Question 23

MDMA

A) has a narrow "therapeutic" window, so the normal dose is close to the toxic dosage level.
B) has no effect on sleep apnea, and might even improve sleep respiration.
C) induces better interpersonal boundaries.
D) has no effect on the individual's perception of external reality.

Question 24

Since the time of its introduction, scientists have discovered that MDMA is a

A) mood stabilizer.
B) selective serotonin neurotoxin.
C) appetite suppressant.
D) compound useful in enhancing memory.

Question 25

Oral doses of phencyclidine produce their first effects in

A) 30 minutes.
B) 2 minutes.
C) 2 hours.
D) 90 minutes.

Question 26

Describe the history of the development of MDMA. Explain how it became popular as a recreational, though illicit,
drug.

Question 27

It is estimated that the worldwide annual production of MDMA is over

A) 4 metric tons.
B) 6 metric tons.
C) 8 metric tons.
D) 10 metric tons.

Question 28

Describe the time course and subjective effects of an LSD "trip."

Question 29

A distorted sense of time is usually associated with a of phencyclidine.

A) high dose of PCP (10 mg or higher)
B) oral dose
C) low dose of PCP (1-5 mg)
D) intermediate level dose (5-10 mg)

Question 30

There is no risk of overdose with MDMA.

Question 31

Discuss the complications associated with PCP abuse, including how it can be an indirect cause of death.

Question 32

List and describe the three phases of MDMA's subjective effects.

Question 33

According to your text, MDMA abusers tend to

A) usually abuse MDMA continuously.
B) experience significant kidney problems.
C) interspace periods of active use with periods of abstinence.
D) use MDMA in isolation rather than in groups.

Question 34

Describe some of the various ways hallucinogenic compounds have been used across time.