Deck 8: Abuse and Addiction to Central Nervous System Stimulants

Question 1

Mounting evidence suggests that may be the superior form of treatment for ADHD.

A) psychosocial interventions
B) amphetamine compounds
C) Strattera
D) Modafinil

Answer 1

psychosocial interventions

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways ephedrine is currently used medically?

A) In some forms of nasal surgery
B) In some forms of surgery where low blood pressure is a problem
C) To treat symptoms of shock
D) To decrease nasal congestion

Answer 2

To decrease nasal congestion

Question 3

Historical evidence strongly suggests that which of the following figures may have been abusing amphetamines?

A) Sigmund Freud
B) George Washington
C) Adolf Hitler
D) Winston Churchill

Answer 3

Adolf Hitler

Question 4

Which of the following about methylphenidate is NOT supported by research data?

A) A drug-induced state of depression is possible when this compound is used.
B) There is evidence of a possible relationship between methylphenidate use in childhood and affective disorders in adulthood.
C) The use of this compound stimulates bone growth in children.
D) Some children demonstrate symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder while taking this CNS stimulant.

Question 5

Scientists have found evidence that the ephedra plant was used in burial sites in Europe years ago.

A) 10,000
B) 20,000
C) 50,000
D) 60,000

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT one of the side effects of methylphenidate?

A) Anemia
B) Low blood pressure
C) Anorexia
D) Insomnia

Question 7

Which of the following is a clear crystal that resembles a piece of rock candy?

A) Ice
B) Chip
C) Khat
D) Crack

Question 8

The vast majority of methamphetamine abusers in the world reside in

A) the United States.
B) South America.
C) Europe.
D) Asia.

Question 9

The estimated therapeutic window for methylphenidate is

A) 1:10.
B) 1:1,000.
C) 1:50.
D) 1:100.

Question 10

While at a party, Kyle notices that his friend Frankie is not looking very well. Frankie complains of a headache and nausea, is shaking and confused, and begins describing what Kyle thinks are hallucinations no one else is experiencing. Frankie has no history of mental illness. Kyle should suspect that Frankie might be abusing which of the following drugs?

A) Atomoxetine hydrochloride
B) Modafinil
C) Amphetamines
D) Benzodiazepines

Question 11

Methylphenidate

A) is not very effective as an antidepressant.
B) is very effective as an antidepressant.
C) can increase sedation caused by some antidepressants.
D) is used to treat acute psychotic reactions.

Question 12

The distribution pattern of ephedrine within the body

A) has been discovered to be dependent on the dopamine D2 receptor site distribution within the body.
B) reflects the effect of this compound on the pancreas.
C) is not well understood at this time.
D) varies according to method of administration.

Question 13

Methylphenidate is most commonly used to treat the symptoms of

A) bipolar disorder.
B) tourette's disorder.
C) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
D) obsessive compulsive disorder.

Question 14

Ephedrine's use as an agent for cardiac care in health care settings has

A) been restricted because of government concerns that it might be diverted for illicit purposes.
B) continued for some conditions, but also is rarely used in the treatment of some other conditions as new pharmaceuticals become available.
C) been eliminated entirely because the demand has outstripped supply and so physicians have not been forced to use other compounds.
D) been totally eliminated in response to federal and state laws prohibiting its use.

Question 15

Historical evidence that the ephedra plant was used for medicinal properties dates back only years.

A) 10,000
B) 8,000
C) 5,000
D) 3,000

Question 16

After a single dose of an amphetamine compound has been ingested, it will usually begin to take effect in

A) 2-3 hours.
B) 20-30 minutes.
C) 5-10 minutes.
D) 1 hour.

Question 17

The peak blood level of ephedrine is

A) reached about an hour after a single dose.
B) reached 2-4 hours after a single dose.
C) not reached in a timeframe currently known to scientists.
D) reached about 150 minutes after a single dose.

Question 18

Within the brain, methylphenidate's prime effects are thought to be caused by its ability to

A) stimulate the molecular serotonin reuptake pump in the neuron.
B) block the dopamine reuptake pump in the neuron.
C) stimulate the molecular norepinephrine reuptake pump in the neuron.
D) stimulate the release of dopamine stores in the neuron.

Question 19

The main mechanism by which ephedrine helps in the treatment of asthma is that it

A) causes the smooth muscles surrounding bronchial passages to relax.
B) increases tension in the smooth muscles surrounding bronchial passages, thus increasing responsiveness of these muscles to demand.
C) increases the blood flow from the heart to the lungs by stimulating release of norepinephrine.
D) decreases heart rate and the force with which it pumps.

Question 20

Amphetamines were originally thought to be a safe alternative to cocaine.

Question 21

Describe some of the possible physical consequences of long term amphetamine abuse.

Question 22

Discuss the controversy surrounding methylphenidate.

Question 23

Describe some of the current medical uses of the amphetamines.

Question 24

Describe the pattern of abuse of "ice" in the United States.

Question 25

The use of CNS stimulants in World War II

A) was proven to result in significant improvement in battlefield performance for the soldiers taking them.
B) was proven to be most effective in nighttime operations for servicemen.
C) interfered with decision making by submarine commanders, who were thus instructed not to take these medications unless absolutely necessary.
D) was in the absence of data suggesting the stimulants were any more effective than caffeine.

Question 26

The pharmacokinetics of modafinil (Provigil®) are

A) exactly the same as dextroamphetamine but with a shorter duration of effect.
B) such that it has no significant abuse potential.
C) such that it appears to have a mild abuse potential.
D) such that it is of limited value in the treatment of narcolepsy.

Question 27

Discuss some of the evidence that supports the idea that stimulants like the ephedra plant have long been used by
humans.

Question 28

The basic mechanism through which amphetamines achieve their effects are the

A) forced release of dopamine and serotonin.
B) interference with the norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake pumps.
C) forced release dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain.
D) ability to block the effects of dopamine and acetylcholine.

Question 29

About 10 percent of patients who start taking an amphetamine compound

A) are safe unless they begin taking 10 times the recommended therapeutic dose.
B) are safe unless they begin taking twice the therapeutic dose.
C) experience some degree of drug-induced tachycardia.
D) are polydrug abusers.

Question 30

Which of the following amphetamine variants is the most lipid soluble?

A) Levoamphetamine sulfate
B) Dextroamphetamine sulfate
C) Methamphetamine
D) This has not been studied in detail

Question 31

The use of amphetamine compounds in weight loss programs was found to

A) be about as effective as simple diet and exercise over time.
B) be more effective than diet and exercise in 90 percent of the research studies cited by your text.
C) result in permanent loss of weight by the patient, even after s/he stopped taking the medication.
D) require that the patients continue to take the medication for the rest of their lives to prevent dietary "rebound" weight gain.

Question 32

According to your text, amphetamines are least likely to be used for their

A) stimulant effect.
B) analgesic effect.
C) control of ADHD symptoms.
D) ability to enhance effects of certain narcotic analgesics.

Question 33

Amphetamines are , according to your text.

A) the most common form of illicit drug abused in the U.S.
B) not commonly abused on college campuses in the U.S.
C) most frequently prescribed in September, at the start of the academic year
D) the second most commonly abused illicit substance in the U.S.