Deck 15: Personality and Social Interaction

Question 1

Which of the following plays a central role in what people worldwide look for in a long-term mate?

A)Political ideology
B)Personality characteristics
C)Health
D)Good looks

Answer 1

Personality characteristics

Question 2

Francis,who is a miserable cook,is looking for a spouse who is a wonderful cook.Francis' preference for someone who cooks well best supports the _____ hypothesis on human mating.

A)assortative mating
B)complementary needs
C)wishful thinking
D)self-deception

Answer 2

complementary needs

Question 3

In a matrimonial advertisement,Samantha mentions that she is very outgoing,conscientious,and open to experience and that she is looking for similar characteristics in her potential mate.Her advertisement best supports the _____ hypothesis of mate selection.

A)assortative mating
B)complimentary needs
C)wishful thinking
D)self deception

Answer 3

assortative mating

Question 4

According to international research,the characteristic most desirable in a mate is:

A)extraversion.
B)mutual attraction or love.
C)intellect-openness.
D)agreeableness.

Question 5

According to the assortative mating phenomenon,individuals who score high on extraversion scales will prefer potential mates who score high on:

A)neuroticism.
B)agreeableness.
C)extraversion.
D)conscientiousness.

Question 6

When a person's behavior unintentionally elicits a certain response from another person,we observe:

A)manipulation.
B)selection.
C)evocation.
D)provocation.

Question 7

Influencing other people's behavior intentionally is known as:

A)manipulation.
B)selection.
C)evocation.
D)stagnation.

Question 8

People who are married to someone who scores high on all of the following personality traits EXCEPT _____ tend to be more satisfied in their relationships than individuals whose spouses score low on this trait.

A)agreeableness
B)extraversion
C)emotional stability
D)openness to experience

Question 9

Women married to men who score high on intellect-openness rate the:

A)frequency of laughing with spouse facet of marital satisfaction as being high.
B)enjoyment of time spent with spouse facet of marital satisfaction as being high.
C)sexual facet of marital satisfaction as being high.
D)love and affection expressed facet of marital satisfaction as being high.

Question 10

People whose ratings of their preferred partner are close to the personality characteristics of the person they are married to are:

A)much more satisfied than people who are married to someone less like their ideal partner.
B)slightly more satisfied than people who are married to someone less like their ideal partner.
C)less satisfied than people who are married to someone less like their ideal partner.
D)no different from other people in terms of marital satisfaction.

Question 11

An amicable person usually elicits a friendly and polite reaction from others;this situation best exemplifies _____.

A)manipulation
B)sublimation
C)evocation
D)projection

Question 12

People who are married to an individual who scores high on agreeableness report higher levels of marital satisfaction:

A)if their spouse also scores high on emotional instability.
B)if their spouse also scores low on intellect-openness.
C)if their spouse also scores high on extraversion.
D)irrespective of their spouse scoring high or low on other personality traits.

Question 13

Correlations between the preferences that individuals express for the ideal personality characteristics of their mates and the actual personality characteristics of their obtained mates are:

A)weakly positive.
B)moderately positive.
C)weakly negative.
D)close to zero.

Question 14

Botwin and colleagues found that individuals preferred mates with personality traits that:

A)made up for deficits in their own personality traits.
B)were strongly skewed to the positive pole of each personality trait.
C)were similar to their own personality traits.
D)were similar to their opposite sex parent's personality traits.

Question 15

People consider personality traits mostly when they _____ friends.

A)manipulate
B)evoke
C)select
D)argue with

Question 16

_____ suggests that individuals are married to people who are similar to themselves.

A)Long-term mating
B)Mirror-image mating
C)Assortative mating
D)Matching hypothesis

Question 17

A scenario in which a boy persuades his brother to steal some candy demonstrates the concept of:

A)manipulation.
B)selection.
C)evocation.
D)stagnation.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways in which personality interacts with situations?

A)Evocation
B)Satisfaction
C)Selection
D)Manipulation

Question 19

The complementary needs theory states that individuals are attracted to those who:

A)have different personality dispositions than they have.
B)fulfill their needs for being complimented and flattered.
C)have personality characteristics similar to their own.
D)have characteristics that are related to marital satisfaction.

Question 20

Investigators have found evidence for assortative mating:

A)only for +,weight,etc.
B)only for psychological characteristics,such as attitudes,beliefs,personality traits,etc.
C)in a few selected variables that are important in the area of evolutionary psychology.
D)for almost every variable that has been investigateD.

Question 21

_____ is a phenomenon whereby people's beliefs about the personality characteristics of others cause them to evoke in others actions that are consistent with their initial beliefs.

A)Blindsight
B)Defensive pessimism
C)Secondary appraisal
D)Expectancy confirmation

Question 22

People who score _____ tend to evoke anger and upset in their spouses.

A)low on agreeableness
B)high on agreeableness
C)low on conscientiousness
D)high on conscientiousness

Question 23

_____ is defined as a tendency to feel tense,anxious,or worried during social interactions or even when anticipating a social interaction.

A)Openness
B)Emotional stability
C)Expectation confirmation
D)Shyness

Question 24

In the context of personality and the selective breakup of couples,which of the following is a salient feature of emotionally unstable individuals?

A)They prefer being alone and avoid relationships.
B)They encourage social contact between their partner and others.
C)They worry more about a partner's infidelity.
D)They remain neutral when their partner engages in sex with others.

Question 25

While walking down a street,Jonathon accidentally bumps into Jessica who is highly aggressive.She starts yelling at him and hits him because she feels that he bumped into her intentionally.This scenario best exemplifies _____.

A)the imagination inflation effect
B)a hostile attributional bias
C)a false negative
D)the directionality problem

Question 26

Shy people engage in all of the following behaviors EXCEPT that they:

A)take fewer risks.
B)avoid other people.
C)are more likely to get divorced.
D)create socially isolating situations.

Question 27

Husbands who score low on conscientiousness tend to upset their wives by:

A)having extramarital affairs.
B)drinking too much.
C)being abusive.
D)withholding sex.

Question 28

Individuals who score high on sensation seeking scales prefer NOT to select situations that:

A)are characterized by high-risk sexual behavior.
B)involve unusual psychological experiments on drugs or sex.
C)consist of a series of highly-repetitive tasks.
D)frequently involve attending parties where alcohol or drugs are available.

Question 29

Aggressive people tend to evoke _____ from others.

A)hostility
B)submission
C)understanding
D)praise

Question 30

According to the _____,breakups should occur more when one's desires are violated than when they are fulfilled.

A)violation of desire theory
B)assortative mating hypothesis
C)complementary needs hypothesis
D)attraction similarity theory

Question 31

Which of the following terms is best defined as a tendency to infer negative intent on the part of others in the face of ambiguous behavior from them?

A)Hostile attributional bias
B)Self-serving bias
C)Extreme responding
D)Non-content responding

Question 32

Individuals who are highly agreeable tend to evoke _____ than individuals who score low on agreeableness.

A)much more love from their spouses
B)far less interpersonal conflict
C)more conversational behavior in peers
D)more control

Question 33

Which of the following situations does NOT demonstrate evocation?

A)When a person acts in a way that causes an emotional response in another person
B)When a husband's actions cause his wife to behave in ways that make him angry
C)When a wife nags her husband to get something accomplished
D)When a charismatic person walks into a room and makes a dull party interesting

Question 34

Highly active children tend to elicit hostility and competitiveness from others.This exemplifies:

A)manipulation.
B)evocation.
C)exasperation.
D)provocation.

Question 35

According to George Kelly and Conley (1987),_____ has been the most consistent personality predictor of marital instability and divorce.

A)emotional instability
B)introversion
C)disagreeableness
D)low conscientiousness

Question 36

Husbands who score low on _____ tend to evoke anger in their wives by being condescending,neglecting and rejecting them,abusing them,committing infidelity,abusing alcohol,insulting her appearance,and exhibiting self-centeredness.

A)extraversion
B)agreeableness
C)intellect-openness
D)conscientiousness

Question 37

According to the violation of desire theory,people are most likely to break up with mates:

A)with whom they are no longer romantically infatuated.
B)who violate their partner's desire to reach an optimal level of reproduction.
C)who lack the desired personality characteristics such as dependability,emotional stability,or pleasing disposition in a mate.
D)who no longer meets their complementary needs.

Question 38

When evaluating the effects of shyness on the selection of situations,shy women have been found to be _____.

A)more likely to see a gynecologist
B)less likely to see a gynecologist
C)more likely to bring up the issue of contraception with their partners
D)more likely to avoid potentially dangerous sexual situations

Question 39

Low levels of which of the following personality traits is NOT correlated with a higher likelihood of divorce or breakup in a relationship?

A)Agreeableness
B)Emotional stability
C)Conscientiousness
D)Intellect-openness

Question 40

The following are all examples of how personality traits guide the selection of situations EXCEPT that individuals scoring high on:

A)sensation seeking avoid risky situations.
B)psychoticism choose volatile and spontaneous situations.
C)Machiavellianism prefer face-to-face situations.
D)empathy are likely to volunteer for community activities.

Question 41

_____ is the only tactic of manipulation with a small difference between men and women.

A)Monetary reward
B)Silent treatment
C)Regression
D)Coercion

Question 42

_____ is a social strategy in which practitioners are quick to betray others.

A)Dictatorship
B)Machiavellianism
C)Zoroastrianism
D)Rastafarianism

Question 43

Which of the following statements would a person scoring high on Machiavellianism agree with?

A)Honesty is the best policy.
B)Most people are generally good and kind.
C)It is wise to flatter important people.
D)Cooperation is the best strategy.

Question 44

Which of the following manipulation tactics primary involves telling others that "everyone else is doing it"?

A)Hardball
B)Social comparison
C)Charm
D)Self-abasement

Question 45

Showing someone how much fun it will be to do an activity is an example of the _____ manipulation tactic.

A)pleasure induction
B)hardball
C)silent treatment
D)self-abasement

Question 46

Which of the following is an example of the hardball manipulation tactic?

A)Bribing someone
B)Acting in a loving way
C)Whining
D)Hitting someone

Question 47

In a study conducted by Snyder and Swann (1978)-in which participants were made to believe that they would be dealing with a hostile and aggressive individual before two individuals were introduced-it was found that _____.

A)the participants' beliefs led them to act in an aggressive manner toward the unsuspecting target
B)the unsuspecting target acted in an amicable manner toward the participants as opposed to their beliefs
C)the participants' beliefs led them to remain neutral toward the unsuspecting target
D)the unsuspecting target remained neutral toward the participants as opposed to their beliefs

Question 48

The manipulation tactic of _____ mostly involves yelling at someone.

A)coercion
B)reason
C)charm
D)responsibility invocation

Question 49

Workers who score high on Machiavellianism make more money:

A)in companies where there are many rules.
B)in companies where there are few rules.
C)in companies that frequently evaluate performance.
D)than people who score low on the strategy.

Question 50

Which of the following is an example of regression?

A)Not talking to someone
B)Bribing someone
C)Whining
D)Acting submissive

Question 51

A taxonomy of manipulation tactics was developed through:

A)a two-step procedure that involved nominations of acts of influence and factor analysis of self-reports and observer-reports of the previously nominated acts.
B)observer-reports based on lengthy questionnaires.
C)physiological measures.
D)behavioral tests.

Question 52

Kiara's 16-year-old son,Samuel,dislikes chopping vegetables.She wants him to help her in the kitchen and shows him different techniques of chopping through online videos.She makes Samuel feel that chopping is simple and a whole lot of fun and even promises to buy him a new chopping board and a set of knives.In this scenario,Kiara is most likely employing the _____ tactic of manipulation.

A)reason
B)charm
C)pleasure induction
D)social comparison

Question 53

Machiavellian strategies work best:

A)in structured situations.
B)in loosely structured situations.
C)when they are employed by trustworthy people.
D)when they are employed on untrustworthy people.

Question 54

A(n)_____ is a classification scheme that involves the identification and naming of groups within a particular subject field.

A)circumplex
B)hierarchy
C)assortment
D)taxonomy

Question 55

People who score high on Machiavellianism are more likely to pursue a:

A)tit-for-tat strategy.
B)short-term social strategy.
C)long-term social strategy.
D)reciprocal strategy.

Question 56

A study by Wilson et al.showed that people who scored high on Machiavellianism were:

A)more likely to prefer highly structured situations.
B)less likely to steal money.
C)more likely to lie about stealing money.
D)strictly honest in financial transactions.

Question 57

Research on sex differences in tactics of manipulation has found that:

A)women are more likely to use the self-abasement tactic.
B)men are more likely to use the hardball tactic.
C)women are more likely to use the reason tactiC.
D)men and women use the different tactics almost equally.

Question 58

The phenomenon of expectancy confirmation has also been called:

A)evocative corroboration.
B)self-fulfilling prophecy.
C)behavioral substantiation.
D)likelihood verification.

Question 59

Looking at Diana's photos on a social networking site,Simon assumes that she is an extravert.When they meet for the first time,Simon elicits a talkative and energetic response from an otherwise quiet and dull Diana.This scenario most likely exemplifies _____.

A)balancing selection
B)expectancy confirmation
C)the imagination inflation effect
D)the self-serving bias

Question 60

Unlike people who score high on dominance,people who score low on dominance are most likely to use the _____ manipulation tactic.

A)hardball
B)coercion
C)responsibility invocation
D)silent treatment

Question 61

Narcissists exhibit all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:

A)being grandiose.
B)being interpersonally exploitative.
C)being self-centered.
D)being apathetic.

Question 62

According to Baughman et al.(2012),high dark triad scorers were especially prone to using the _____ of manipulation.

A)charm tactic
B)coercion tactic
C)hardball tactic
D)regression tactic

Question 63

Narcissists use a predictable set of manipulation tactics and are _____.

A)very generous and giving and would be described as "helpers"
B)very aggressive and hostile
C)highly exploitative of others and would be described as "users"
D)supportive and nurturing

Question 64

Judy chooses friends who admire her and reflect her highly-positive view of herself.Judy most likely scores high on the personality trait of:

A)extraversion.
B)narcissism.
C)Machiavellianism.
D)manipulation.

Question 65

The manipulation tactic most commonly used by people low in emotional stability is:

A)hardball.
B)self-abasement.
C)regression.
D)pleasure induction.

Question 66

Which of the following is a primary tactic of influence used by highly agreeable people?

A)Charm
B)Reason
C)Social comparison
D)Monetary reward

Question 67

People who score low on intellect-openness tend to use the manipulation tactic of _____.

A)reason
B)social comparison
C)regression
D)silent treatment

Question 68

Narcissists react to failure by:

A)socially withdrawing themselves.
B)derogating other people.
C)accepting responsibility for their actions.
D)engaging in self-abasement.

Question 69

Roger,who scores high on conscientiousness,wants his children to read books.In order to encourage them to start reading,he is most likely to:

A)make them commit themselves to reading.
B)tell them that their peers are also into reading.
C)show them that reading can be so much fun.
D)explain the benefits of reading in a logical manner.

Question 70

Narcissists who are very self-aggrandizing tend to evoke _____ in other people.

A)anger
B)laughter
C)exasperation
D)humility

Question 71

People who score high on intellect-openness tend to use the manipulation tactic of _____ above all other tactics.

A)reason
B)self-abasement
C)hardball
D)pleasure induction

Question 72

Unlike high-agreeable individuals,low-agreeable individuals _____.

A)convince their parents to trust them when selecting a mate
B)use reasoning as a primary tactic of manipulation
C)frequently use the silent treatment tactic of manipulation
D)tend to exercise more self-constraint in their use of collective resources