Deck 17: Reducing Your Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer

Question 1

An adult with a damaged sinoatrial node

A)must have a heart transplant to survive.
B)must have a pacemaker implanted to control the heart rhythm.
C)must take medication to control the heartbeat.
D)does not usually have any significant health problems.

Answer 1

must have a pacemaker implanted to control the heart rhythm.

Question 2

Which of the following blood cholesterol profiles is optimal?

A)total cholesterol = 200;HDL cholesterol = 30
B)total cholesterol = 240;LDL cholesterol = 180
C)total cholesterol = 170;HDL cholesterol = 70
D)HDL cholesterol = 50;LDL cholesterol = 130

Answer 2

total cholesterol = 170;HDL cholesterol = 70

Question 3

A reduction in the oxygen supply to a part of the body or an organ such as the heart is known as

A)angina pectoris.
B)ischemia.
C)atherosclerosis.
D)myocardial infarction.

Answer 3

ischemia.

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE in regard to atherosclerosis?

A)It is characterized by a buildup of substances within the arteries that form plaque.
B)It is easily reversed with medication and exercise.
C)It only starts to develop after the age of 50.
D)Males are much more likely to develop it than are women.

Question 5

The human heart is about the size of a(n)

A)golf ball.
B)adult's fist.
C)small plum.
D)grapefruit.

Question 6

All of the following are methods of reducing risk for CVD EXCEPT

A)quitting smoking.
B)achieving and maintaining a healthy weight.
C)increasing triglycerides in your blood.
D)increasing exercise.

Question 7

All of the following occur as part of congestive heart failure EXCEPT

A)shortness of breath.
B)the flow of blood through the veins backs up.
C)the heart becomes enlarged,making it less efficient.
D)blood cannot accumulate in the legs,ankles,or lungs.

Question 8

Cardiometabolic risk (CMR)is

A)a set of risk factors that affect both cardiovascular health and the body's metabolic processes.
B)a group of metabolic conditions occurring together that increase the risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
C)the cardiovascular and metabolic factors that together increase the risk for cognitive decline.
D)a measurement of a given individual's risk for coronary artery disease and/or type 2 diabetes.

Question 9

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of blood flow as it travels through the heart?

A)right atrium,right ventricle,lungs,left atrium,left ventricle,aorta
B)aorta,right ventricle,right atrium,lungs,left atrium,left ventricle
C)left ventricle,left atrium,aorta,right ventricle,right atrium,lungs
D)venae cavae,both atria,both ventricles,aorta

Question 10

Which of the following would NOT be a contributing cause of congestive heart failure?

A)rheumatic fever
B)radiation or chemotherapy
C)reaction to a tetanus vaccination
D)pneumonia

Question 11

How many adult Americans suffer from some type of cardiovascular disease?

A)one out of five
B)one out of four
C)one out of three
D)one out of two

Question 12

Cardiovascular disease

A)occurs in nearly 25 percent of African Americans.
B)causes nearly 25 percent more deaths each year than it did a decade ago.
C)is second only to cancer as a leading cause of death among Americans.
D)has been the leading cause of death in the U.S.for nearly 100 years.

Question 13

Which of the following represents the most serious type of heart arrhythmia?

A)tachycardia
B)bradycardia
C)fibrillation
D)sinus rhythm

Question 14

Which of the following characteristics would be consistent with a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in an adult female?

A)blood pressure of 155/90
B)fasting blood glucose of 80 mg/dL
C)HDL of 60
D)waist measurement of 30 inches

Question 15

The absence of clinical indicators of cardiovascular disease and the presence of certain behavioral and health factor metrics is known as

A)cardiovascular fitness.
B)cardiorespiratory fitness.
C)heart-related quality of life.
D)ideal cardiovascular health.

Question 16

Metabolic syndrome is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

A)fat deposits in the abdomen.
B)insulin resistance.
C)elevated triglycerides.
D)low blood pressure.

Question 17

An individual would most likely suffer from angina pectoris when

A)sleeping.
B)walking up a flight of stairs.
C)working at a computer.
D)watching television.

Question 18

Which of the following foods should be consumed daily as part of a heart-healthy diet?

A)steak
B)plant oils
C)bacon
D)fried foods

Question 19

The average healthy adult heart beats 70-80 beats per minute.A lower heart rate of 60 might indicate that

A)the individual is very fit.
B)a heart valve is malfunctioning.
C)the individual is stressed.
D)the individual is engaging in vigorous exercise.

Question 20

Which of the following can help prevent cardiovascular disease?

A)living a sedentary life
B)avoiding tobacco
C)consuming a moderate level of trans fats
D)raising LDL levels

Question 21

A biopsy reveals that a woman who has had breast cancer now has cancer in her lymph nodes.The process of cancer spreading from one organ or body area to others is

A)metastasis.
B)transference.
C)transvergence.
D)malignance.

Question 22

Which of the following groups has the highest incidence of hypertension?

A)men under the age of 55
B)women over 40 who have type 2 diabetes
C)African Americans
D)Asian Americans

Question 23

Which of the following statements is TRUE with respect to the genetic risk of cancer?

A)Oncogenes are suspected cancer-causing genes.
B)Scientists think that the majority of cancer types are hereditary.
C)Breast cancer does not appear to run in families.
D)The genetic risk of developing cancer can be easily distinguished from environmental risks.

Question 24

Which of the following body shapes represents a higher risk for heart disease?

A)pear
B)apple
C)hourglass
D)pencil

Question 25

Aspirin is sometimes recommended for treating cardiovascular disease because it

A)reduces the risk of clot formation.
B)increases the absorption of nutrients in cardiac muscle.
C)increases the body's excretion of sodium.
D)is part of thrombolysis therapy.

Question 26

Prostate cancer risk

A)has no correlation to family history.
B)is highest among Latino men.
C)is not affected by diet.
D)increases dramatically with age.

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a technique used to diagnose heart disease?

A)electrocardiogram
B)angioplasty
C)ultrafast computed tomography
D)positron emission tomography

Question 28

The blood level of which type of protein rises during an inflammatory reaction?

A)polypeptides
B)amino acids
C)collagen
D)C-reactive protein

Question 29

Being completely "cured" of cancer means that an individual has

A)only a 10 percent chance of recurrence.
B)survived for five years.
C)no subsequent cancer and can expect to live a long and productive life.
D)only a 25 percent chance of recurrence.

Question 30

Which of the following behaviors would most likely increase the risk of developing cancer?

A)training and participating in a 10K race
B)increasing your BMI by using weight training to build muscle
C)eating a diet high in empty calories
D)taking a stress management class

Question 31

Of the following lifestyle choices,the MOST helpful for achieving an improved HDL to LDL ratio is to

A)reduce the amount of cholesterol in your diet.
B)engage in regular exercise.
C)increase your intake of dietary protein.
D)increase your intake of simple carbohydrates.

Question 32

Patrick is going to begin chemotherapy to treat a type of lymphoma.Which of the following side effects is he likely to experience?

A)lowered risk of infection
B)rapid heartbeat
C)nausea,fatigue,and hair loss
D)memory loss

Question 33

Jeremy was told that his cancer could not be treated with radiotherapy and must be treated with chemotherapy.This is probably because the cancer is

A)no longer localized.
B)too small to target with radiation.
C)in remission.
D)localized.

Question 34

All of the following are well-documented risk factors for breast cancer EXCEPT

A)early onset of menstruation and/or late menopause.
B)consuming 3 to 4 alcoholic drinks per week.
C)not having children or having your first child after the age of 30.
D)having a family history of breast cancer.

Question 35

A construction company used asbestos on many job sites over the years.Asbestos is a(n)

A)widely used dye.
B)radioactive material.
C)environmental carcinogen.
D)pesticide.

Question 36

All of the following are ways to reduce carcinogens in the environment EXCEPT

A)buying ecofriendly cleaning and personal products.
B)using weed killers in your garden.
C)choosing organic foods when possible.
D)using bleach-free paper products.

Question 37

Nonmodifiable risk factors for CVD include all of the following EXCEPT

A)heredity.
B)gender.
C)race.
D)blood cholesterol levels.

Question 38

Which of the following is TRUE about radiation and cancer?

A)Ionizing radiation has been proven safe.
B)Ionizing radiation is the only form of radiation proven to cause cancer.
C)Exposure to radon has not been shown to increase the risk of cancer.
D)Ultraviolet radiation exposure does not increase cancer risk.

Question 39

Which of the following is TRUE with respect to tumors?

A)A benign tumor is always harmless,whereas a malignant tumor can be fatal.
B)A malignant tumor is usually encapsulated and can metastasize.
C)A benign tumor can invade surrounding tissue,producing mutant cells,but it will not metastasize.
D)A malignant tumor can invade surrounding tissue,produce mutant cells,and metastasize.

Question 40

Gwen began to have sex at an early age.She may be at increased risk for

A)leukemia.
B)breast cancer.
C)cervical cancer.
D)inherited mutations.

Question 41

All of the following are warning signs of melanoma EXCEPT

A)asymmetrical shape.
B)edges that are uneven or scalloped.
C)a uniform brown color.
D)a diameter larger than a pea.

Question 42

Which of the following is a cancer that occurs in bones,muscles,and/or connective tissue?

A)lymphoma
B)carcinoma
C)sarcoma
D)leukemia

Question 43

Which of the following is a cancer that occurs in the infection-fighting regions of the body?

A)lymphoma
B)carcinoma
C)sarcoma
D)leukemia

Question 44

Vessels that carry blood to the heart are the

A)veins.
B)capillaries.
C)arteries.
D)chambers.

Question 45

Which of the following strategies may lower the risk for ovarian cancer?

A)not having children
B)having annual pelvic exams
C)having a mother with a history of breast cancer
D)taking fertility drugs

Question 46

Testicular cancer is

A)a form of cancer that exhibits no visible signs.
B)declining among males in the United States.
C)one of the most curable forms of cancer.
D)increasing the most among men over 65.

Question 47

One reason exercise might decrease breast cancer risk is that

A)it increases appetite.
B)it typically decreases body fat.
C)it involves social support.
D)it increases self-esteem.

Question 48

A man asks his office-mate to call 911 because he is experiencing tightness in his chest,pain in his left arm and shoulder,shortness of breath,and dizziness.Which condition is he likely experiencing?

A)peripheral artery disease
B)heart attack
C)angina pectoris
D)stroke

Question 49

The two lower chambers of the heart that pump blood out are the

A)ventricles.
B)venules.
C)atria.
D)arterioles.

Question 50

The two upper chambers of the heart that receive blood are the

A)ventricles.
B)venules.
C)atria.
D)arterioles.

Question 51

A woman goes to the emergency room.She tells the nurse that after carrying several loads of laundry up a flight of stairs she is having chest pain and a sensation she describes as her heart being crushed.Which condition is she likely experiencing?

A)peripheral artery disease
B)heart attack
C)angina pectoris
D)stroke

Question 52

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart are the

A)veins.
B)capillaries.
C)arteries.
D)chambers.

Question 53

If caught early,the prognosis for colon cancer is good because

A)treatments are so advanced.
B)the disease progresses slowly.
C)it can be cured with diet.
D)treatment can be delayed.

Question 54

The BEST time for a man to perform a testicular self-exam is

A)when he first wakes up in the morning.
B)before he goes to sleep at night.
C)after strenuous exercise.
D)after a hot shower.

Question 55

Thin-walled vessels that are involved in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide are

A)veins.
B)capillaries.
C)arteries.
D)chambers.

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for colorectal cancer?

A)obesity
B)family history
C)low intake of fruits and vegetables
D)regular exercise

Question 57

Which of the following is a cancer that occurs in the blood-forming parts of the body,particularly the bone marrow and spleen?

A)lymphoma
B)carcinoma
C)sarcoma
D)leukemia

Question 58

Which of the following is a cancer that occurs in epithelial tissues?

A)lymphoma
B)carcinoma
C)sarcoma
D)leukemia

Question 59

Sexually transmitted diseases have the greatest impact on increasing the incidence of which type of cancer?

A)cervical
B)ovarian
C)testicular
D)prostate

Question 60

In the ABCD rule for the warning signs of melanoma,the B stands for

A)bleeding.
B)border irregularity.
C)beyond localized.
D)basal carcinoma.

Question 61

"Mini-strokes" that cause only temporary impairment and that can indicate an impending stroke are

A)congestive heart failure (CHF).
B)transient ischemic attacks (TIAs).
C)aneurysms.
D)arrhythmias.

Question 62

What happens during a stroke?

A)Blood pools in the lower extremities.
B)The heart pumps at an excessively rapid rate.
C)Blood supply is blocked to some area of the heart.
D)Blood supply to some area of the brain is interrupted.

Question 63

Which blood pressure measurement is the upper number that represents the amount of pressure on arterial walls when the heart contracts?

A)systolic
B)diastolic
C)aortic
D)ischemic

Question 64

Which blood pressure measurement is the lower number that represents the amount of pressure on arterial walls when the heart relaxes?

A)systolic
B)diastolic
C)aortic
D)ischemic

Question 65

The small arterial branches are the

A)ventricles.
B)venules.
C)atria.
D)arterioles.

Question 66

The most lethal form of skin cancer is

A)metastatic sarcoma.
B)squamous cell carcinoma.
C)basal cell carcinoma.
D)malignant melanoma.

Question 67

Which diagnostic test records the electrical activity of the heart?

A)electrocardiogram
B)angiogram
C)magnetic resonance imaging
D)cardiac calcium score

Question 68

Consistently elevated blood pressure is the condition known as

A)arrhythmia.
B)angina pectoris.
C)ischemia.
D)hypertension.

Question 69

What happens during a heart attack?

A)Blood pools in the lower extremities.
B)The heart pumps at an excessively rapid rate.
C)Blood supply is blocked to some area of the heart.
D)Blood supply to some area of the brain is interrupted.

Question 70

Removal and microscopic examination of a tissue sample to determine if cancer is present is a(n)

A)biopsy.
B)endoscopy.
C)colonoscopy.
D)PSA test.

Question 71

Which diagnostic test produces a three-dimensional image of the heart as blood flows through it?

A)angiography
B)computed tomography
C)magnetic resonance imaging
D)positron emission tomography

Question 72

What happens in coronary artery disease?

A)Small blood vessels that supply blood to the heart narrow.
B)Blood clots form throughout the body.
C)Blood supply is blocked to one or more extremities.
D)Blood supply to some area of the brain is interrupted.

Question 73

Homocysteine is an amino acid that when found at high levels in the blood may indicate an increased risk of

A)Alzheimer's disease.
B)cardiovascular disease.
C)Parkinson's disease.
D)cancer.

Question 74

A new growth of tissue that serves no physiological purpose is a

A)benign cyst.
B)neoplasm.
C)malignant tumor.
D)scar tissue.

Question 75

To reduce their risk for prostate cancer,men over 40 are encouraged to have

A)an annual fecal occult blood test.
B)a one-time genetic test.
C)an annual PSA test.
D)an annual digital rectal examination.

Question 76

Which diagnostic test is used to identify heart muscle damage caused by a heart attack?

A)angiography
B)computed tomography
C)magnetic resonance imaging
D)positron emission tomography

Question 77

An irregularity in the heartbeat is known as

A)arrhythmia.
B)angina pectoris.
C)ischemia.
D)hypertension.

Question 78

The common name for a myocardial infarction is

A)a seizure.
B)a stroke.
C)CHF.
D)a heart attack.

Question 79

A period during which cancer has responded to treatment and appears to be under control is called

A)a cure.
B)retraction.
C)remission.
D)reoccurrence.

Question 80

The small veins are the

A)ventricles.
B)venules.
C)atria.
D)arterioles.