Deck 16: Political Revolutions in Europe and the Americas

Question 1

Which of these took place in 1789?

A) the American Revolution
B) ratification of the American Constitution
C) the Declaration of Independence
D) ratification of the Bill of Rights

Answer 1

ratification of the American Constitution

Question 2

The author of Leviathan was ________.

A) Thomas Hobbes
B) Carolus Linnaeus
C) Adam Smith
D) René Descartes

Answer 2

Thomas Hobbes

Question 3

Adam Smith wrote ________.

A) The Wealth of Nations
B) Leviathan
C) What is the Third Estate?
D) "Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen"

Answer 3

The Wealth of Nations

Question 4

Which of these territories was gained by a treaty with Great Britain in 1846?

A) the Louisiana Purchase
B) the Gadsden Purchase
C) Oregon
D) Texas

Question 5

The author of Candide and of Elements of the Philosophy of Newton was ________.

A) John Locke
B) Benjamin Franklin
C) Voltaire
D) Abbé Sieyès

Question 6

The contribution of Johannes Kepler to our understanding of the universe was the idea that ________.

A) the sun is at the center of the universe
B) gravity acts on all bodies
C) planets follow elliptical paths
D) the moon is a satellite of the earth

Question 7

The philosophes are associated with what movement?

A) the scientific revolution
B) the Enlightenment
C) the Glorious Revolution
D) the French Revolution

Question 8

The author of the Persian Letters was ________.

A) Denis Diderot
B) Voltaire
C) Montesquieu
D) René Descartes

Question 9

Empiricism is based on ________.

A) observation
B) tradition
C) faith
D) theories

Question 10

One of the most famous enlightened despots was ________.

A) Peter the Great
B) Louis XVI
C) Charles II
D) Frederick II

Question 11

Which of these conflicts was fought between1861 and 1865?

A) the French Revolutionary Wars
B) the Seven Years War
C) the American Revolutionary War
D) the American Civil War

Question 12

John Locke wrote ________.

A) The Wealth of Nations
B) On the Movement of the Heart and Blood
C) The Second Treatise on Government
D) The Encyclopedia

Question 13

Which of these came to the throne during the Glorious Revolution?

A) James II
B) Charles II
C) Charles I
D) William and Mary

Question 14

Which of these pioneered the use of the telescope in astronomy?

A) Nicholas Copernicus
B) Galileo Galilei
C) Tycho Brahe
D) Johannes Kepler

Question 15

The English Civil War broke out during the reign of ________.

A) Henry VIII
B) Charles I
C) James I
D) William I

Question 16

The First and Second estates in the French government were made up of the ________.

A) merchants and town-dwellers
B) artisans and soldiers
C) clergy and nobles
D) laborers and artisans

Question 17

Which of these correctly pairs a scientist and his area of specialization?

A) William Harvey; anatomy
B) Tycho Brahe; optics
C) Isaac Newton; microbiology
D) Anthony van Leeuwenhoek; astronomy

Question 18

The French Revolution broke out during the reign of ________.

A) Louis XVI
B) Napoleon I
C) Louis XIV
D) Henry IV

Question 19

Which of these men developed a sun-centered model of the universe in the 1500s?

A) Galileo Galilei
B) Tycho Brahe
C) Ptolemy
D) Johannes Kepler

Question 20

Which of these was first developed by Isaac Newton?

A) the sun-centered model of the universe
B) a model for the circulatory system
C) the idea of the social contract
D) the law of gravity

Question 21

In applying empiricism,which of these is rejected?

A) observation
B) data collection
C) telescopes
D) received wisdom

Question 22

For Thomas Hobbes,the state of nature was typified by________.

A) peace
B) conflict
C) movement
D) faith

Question 23

The model developed by Nicholas Copernicus had the advantage of being ________,unlike previous models.

A) more complex
B) based on observable phenomena
C) simpler
D) supported by the Bible

Question 24

Which of these best characterizes the contribution of Isaac Newton to the scientific revolution?

A) the application of reason to the natural world
B) a working model of the solar system
C) a universal model
D) the first universal laws

Question 25

For Voltaire,religion was the enemy of ________.

A) freedom
B) the common man
C) France
D) reason

Question 26

Which of these were American-born colonists,particularly in Spanish America?

A) mazombos
B) caudillos
C) conquistadores
D) Creoles

Question 27

Galileo Galilei can be said to have ________ the scientific revolution.

A) initiated
B) popularized
C) accelerated
D) slowed

Question 28

Which of these roughly doubled the size of the United States at the time it was added?

A) Mexican cessions of 1848
B) Louisiana Purchase
C) Oregon Country
D) Texas

Question 29

In the ideas of John Locke,power comes from ________.

A) royalty
B) God
C) the people
D) representative institutions

Question 30

Maroons were ________.

A) escaped slaves
B) vodoun priests
C) slaves on sugar plantations
D) Haitian rebels

Question 31

Which of these arguably gained supreme power in England as a result of the Glorious Revolution?

A) Oliver Cromwell
B) William and Mary
C) Parliament
D) Charles II

Question 32

Which of these men came to power in France as First Consul,in 1799?

A) Maximilien Robespierre
B) Napoleon Bonaparte
C) René Descartes
D) Louis XVI

Question 33

Which of these best characterizes the mood of the Enlightenment?

A) skeptical
B) optimistic
C) fearful
D) aggressive

Question 34

The social contract that formed the basis of Hobbes' and Locke's work was ________.

A) theoretical
B) a bill of rights
C) created by the French Revolution
D) the right to vote

Question 35

A key goal of the rebels in the American Revolution was to________.

A) retain their political autonomy
B) institute a democracy
C) gain control of Britain
D) establish universal suffrage

Question 36

The Congress of Vienna met to conclude a peace ending the ________.

A) American Civil War
B) Napoleonic Wars
C) War of 1812
D) American Revolutionary War

Question 37

The work of William Harvey was typical of the scientific revolution because it was based primarily on ________.

A) observation
B) innovative technology
C) Muslim knowledge
D) Greek models

Question 38

The enlightened despots were conservative in their ________.

A) use of power
B) social policies
C) attitude towards intellectuals
D) administrations

Question 39

Which of these is best known for his leadership in the Reign of Terror?

A) Napoleon Bonaparte
B) Abbé Sieyès
C) Maximilien Robespierre
D) Jacques-Louis David

Question 40

In the English Civil War,religion was the ________.

A) background cause
B) most important factor
C) trigger
D) pretext

Question 41

What two threads of political thought were launched by Locke and Hobbes? Has each endured equally?

Question 42

What was the relationship of the scientific revolution and the Enlightenment?

Question 43

Which of these was clearly inspired by the French Revolution?

A) the American Revolution
B) the Haitian Revolution
C) the Glorious Revolution
D) the scientific revolution

Question 44

From 1789 to 1793,the French Revolution ________.

A) nearly ended
B) became more conservative
C) took a radical turn
D) achieved its goals

Question 45

The main goal of the Creoles in the Latin American revolutions was ________.

A) democracy
B) universal voting rights
C) political power
D) social change

Question 46

The caudillos marked the dominance of the ________ in the new Latin American states.

A) Amerindians
B) Creoles
C) Portuguese
D) military

Question 47

The creation of the Directory in 1795 marked a ________ turn in the French Revolution.

A) radical
B) disastrous
C) violent
D) conservative

Question 48

Unlike the French Revolution,the Glorious Revolution ________.

A) was more bloody
B) was peaceful
C) brought regime change
D) brought important political change

Question 49

Which of these was the most radical,politically?

A) the French Revolution
B) the American Revolution
C) the English Civil War
D) the Latin American independence movements

Question 50

Compared to the work of Copernicus,Galileo,and Kepler,the work of Isaac Newton ________.

A) focused on what we call physics today
B) was based more on empiricism
C) was more comprehensive
D) has not been challenged

Question 51

Which of these best describes the complaint of the Third Estate in 1789?

A) They had no political power.
B) France was a monarchy not a democracy.
C) France's social hierarchies caused misery in the countryside.
D) They were far more numerous than the First and Second estates, but they had the same representation.

Question 52

Compare the American and French revolutions.Consider their causes,their courses,and their outcomes.

Question 53

What was the relationship between the American,French,Haitian,and Latin American revolutions?

Question 54

The Latin American revolutions are best characterized as ________.

A) independence movements
B) social revolutions
C) political revolutions
D) failures

Question 55

What were the most important factors that shaped the Latin American revolutions?