Deck 8: Profit Maximization

Question 1

The table given below shows the total revenue and total cost of producing a commodity. Table 8.1
In Table 8.1,the marginal revenue from the sixth unit of output is:

A)$1,700.
B)$1,600.
C)$1,500.
D)$1,300.
E)$1,200.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Profit is the difference between:

A)total output and total cost.
B)total revenue and total cost.
C)total revenue and total sunk cost.
D)total output and total sunk cost.
E)total revenue and opportunity cost.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is true of marginal revenue?

A)Marginal revenue equals total revenue divided by quantity.
B)Marginal revenue is the slope of the supply curve of a firm.
C)Marginal revenue is the slope of the total cost curve when profit is maximized.
D)Marginal revenue equals the change in total revenue divided by the change in the quantity.
E)Marginal revenue equals the income earned by selling the stocks on the margin.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The table given below reports the marginal revenue and marginal cost of Holmes Detective Agency for each client. Table 8.2
Refer to Table 8.1.If we assume that Holmes is currently serving 8 clients,then Holmes Agency:

A)is maximizing profit.
B)should find more clients to increase profits.
C)is maximizing total revenue.
D)could increase profits by serving less clients.
E)is minimizing cost.

Question 5

The table given below reports the marginal revenue and marginal cost of Holmes Detective Agency for each client. Table 8.2
In Table 8.2,assume that Holmes's total fixed cost is zero.Compute the profit earned by the agency with two clients.

A)-$110
B)$110
C)$120
D)-$10
E)$10

Question 6

Which of the following is true of marginal cost?

A)Marginal cost is the cost per unit of output produced.
B)Marginal cost is the change in total cost divided by the change in total output.
C)Marginal cost curve is negatively sloped at the profit-maximizing level of output.
D)Marginal cost is equal to total cost divided by the quantity of output.
E)Marginal cost initially increases with an increase in output but subsequently declines.

Question 7

The table given below shows the total revenue and total cost of producing a commodity. Table 8.1
In Table 8.1,the marginal cost of producing the sixth unit of output is equal to _____.

A)$700.
B)$600.
C)$500.
D)$300.
E)$200.

Question 8

The table given below shows the total revenue and total cost of producing a commodity. Table 8.1
In Table 8.1,if the firm produces five units of output,it makes a profit of _____.

A)$3,000
B)$0.
C)$3,000.
D)$1,200.
E)$1,000.

Question 9

A firm wishing to maximize profits will produce at the level of output where:

A)marginal cost is equal to zero.
B)its total-cost curve intersects its total-revenue curve.
C)costs are at a minimum.
D)total revenue exceeds total cost by the largest amount.
E)marginal revenue exceeds marginal cost by the greatest amount.

Question 10

Assume that the marginal revenue curve intersects the rising portion of the marginal cost curve at 100 units of output.At this output level,a profit-maximizing firm's total fixed cost is $600 and its total variable cost is $400.If the price of the product is $8 per unit,the firm should produce:

A)zero units of output.
B)less than 100 units of output.
C)100 units of output.
D)more than 100 units of output.
E)200 units of the output.

Question 11

The table given below shows the total revenue and total cost of producing a commodity. Table 8.1
In Table 8.1,in order to maximize profits,the firm should produce ____ units of output.

A)five
B)six
C)seven
D)eight
E)nine

Question 12

Goodspeed Automobiles manufactures 100 disc brake cylinders.At this output level,its marginal revenue is equal to its marginal cost.If the revenue per unit of output is $500 and the per unit cost is $350,its profit is:

A)$20,000.
B)$15,000.
C)$45,000.
D)$25,000.
E)$10,000.

Question 13

In economic theory,we assume that the goal of the firm is to:

A)maximize sales revenue.
B)maximize market share.
C)maximize the benefits it provides to its customers.
D)maximize the profit.
E)maximize the sales volume.

Question 14

Marginal revenue of n^th unit of output is:

A)total revenue of (n+1)^th unit minus total revenue of n^th unit.
B)total revenue of n^th unit minus total revenue of (n-1)^th unit.
C)total revenue of (n+1)^th unit minus total revenue of (n-1)^th unit.
D)the sum of total revenue of (n+1)^th unit and n^th unit.
E)the sum of total revenue of (n+1)^th unit and (n-1)^th unit.

Question 15

Assume that a firm's marginal revenue curve intersects the rising portion of the marginal cost curve at 100 units of output.At this output level,a profit-maximizing firm's total cost is $1,000.If the price of the product is $3 per unit and the firm produces at the profit-maximizing level,the firm will earn an economic profit equal to:

A)-$1,000.
B)-$700.
C)-$400.
D)-$600.
E)$200.

Question 16

Assume that a firm's marginal revenue curve intersects the rising portion of the marginal cost curve at 100 units of output.At this output level,a profit-maximizing firm's total cost is $1,000.If the price of the product is $10 per unit,the firm will earn an economic profit of:

A)zero.
B)$400.
C)more than zero but less than $100.
D)$100.
E)more than $100.

Question 17

The table given below shows the total revenue and total cost of producing a commodity. Table 8.1
In Table 8.1,marginal revenue exceeds marginal cost:

A)until the fifth unit of output.
B)until the sixth unit of output.
C)up to the seventh unit of output.
D)up to the eighth unit of output.
E)at all units of output.

Question 18

Suppose that at a given level of output,a perfectly competitive firm charges a price of $12 and has average total costs of $10.If its economic profit is $20,000,then it must be producing:

A)40,000 units of output.
B)20,000 units of output.
C)30,000 units of output.
D)10,000 units of output.
E)50,000 units of output.

Question 19

The table given below reports the marginal revenue and marginal cost of Holmes Detective Agency for each client. Table 8.2
According to Table 8.2,what will be the total number of clients that will maximize profits for the Holmes Detective Agency?

A)2
B)3
C)5
D)6
E)8

Question 20

The MR schedule can be obtained from the TR schedule by:

A)adding two successive values in the TR schedule.
B)subtracting the succeeding TR value from the preceding TR value.
C)subtracting the preceding TR value from the succeeding TR value.
D)multiplying two successive TR values.
E)dividing the succeeding TR value by the preceding TR value.

Question 21

The addition to a business firm's total costs that comes from producing one more unit of output is:

A)total variable cost.
B)marginal cost.
C)sunk cost.
D)opportunity cost.
E)total fixed cost

Question 22

Suppose at a certain quantity of output,a firm's average-total-cost curve lies above its demand curve.At this quantity of output,the firm:

A)is earning negative economic profit.
B)is earning zero economic profit.
C)is maximizing profit.
D)should increase its output to maximize profit.
E)should reduce output to maximize negative economic profit.

Question 23

A firm enjoys a positive economic profit when:

A)the demand curve touches the average cost curve at the profit maximizing level of output.
B)the marginal revenue curve has a negative intercept in the ordinate axis.
C)the average revenue curve lies below the average cost curve at the profit maximizing level of output.
D)the marginal cost is declining at the profit maximizing level of output.
E)the average revenue curve lies above the average cost curve at the profit maximizing level of output.

Question 24

The following graph shows the marginal revenue (MR) and marginal cost (MC) curves of an imperfectly competitive firm. Figure 8.2 Refer to Figure 8.2.If the current production level is 90 and the firm wishes to maximize profit,it should:

A)leave the current production level unchanged.
B)decrease the quantity produced to 75.
C)decrease the quantity produced to 50.
D)decrease the quantity produced to 35.
E)increase production until MR = MC.

Question 25

The following graph shows the demand and cost curves of an imperfectly competitive firm.MC and ATC represent the marginal cost curve and the average cost curve respectively. Figure 8.1 Refer to Figure 8.1.At price P₁ the firm sells quantity Q₁,and total revenue is shown by:

A)the rectangle ABCD.
B)the rectangle ABEF.
C)the rectangle FECD.
D)the distance AB.
E)the distance BC.

Question 26

Graphically,profit per unit of output can be found by:

A)the triangle formed under the demand curve.
B)the rectangle formed under the demand curve at a given price and quantity combination.
C)the rectangle formed under the average-total-cost curve at a given ATC and quantity combination.
D)the line segment between the demand and average-total-cost curves at any level of output.
E)the line segment between the horizontal axis and the average-total-cost curves at any level of output.

Question 27

The following graph shows the marginal revenue (MR) and marginal cost (MC) curves of an imperfectly competitive firm. Figure 8.2 According to Figure 8.2,the firm is maximizing profit at a quantity of _____ units.

A)10
B)35
C)50
D)75
E)90

Question 28

If a firm's marginal revenue is greater than its marginal cost,then:

A)each added unit of output will reduce profits.
B)the firm is maximizing profit.
C)more output will add more to revenue than to cost.
D)more output will add more to cost than to revenue.
E)less output will add more to revenue than to cost.

Question 29

Suppose that Cheapo Industries,a perfectly competitive firm,currently produces 500 units of imitation ham spread for a total cost of $1,500.The marginal cost of the 500^th unit is $20,and the marginal revenue of the 500^th unit is $15.To maximize profits,Cheapo Industries should:

A)continue to produce 500 units.
B)produce more than 500 units but less than 1500 units.
C)produce less than 500 units.
D)produce more than 1500 units.
E)stop producing at 500 units.

Question 30

The following graph shows the demand and cost curves of an imperfectly competitive firm.MC and ATC represent the marginal cost curve and the average cost curve respectively. Figure 8.1 Refer to Figure 8.1.At price P₁ the firm sells quantity Q₁,and total cost is shown by:

A)the rectangle ABCD.
B)the rectangle ABEF.
C)the rectangle FECD.
D)the distance AB.
E)the distance BC.

Question 31

Assume that a firm's marginal revenue curve intersects the rising portion of its marginal cost curve at 500 units of output.At this output level,a profit-maximizing firm's total cost of production is $1,000.If the price of the product is $5 per unit,the total revenue earned by the firm will be:

A)$1,500.
B)$250.
C)$500.
D)$2,500.
E)$1,000.

Question 32

The following graph shows the marginal revenue (MR) and marginal cost (MC) curves of an imperfectly competitive firm. Figure 8.2 Refer to Figure 8.2.At a quantity of 10 the firm should _____ ,but at a quantity of 75 the firm should _____.

A)leave production unchanged; also leave production unchanged
B)leave production unchanged; decrease production
C)increase production; decrease production
D)increase production; leave production unchanged
E)decrease production; increase production

Question 33

A profit-maximizing firm will produce the level of output at which:

A)average revenue equals average cost.
B)average revenue equals average variable cost.
C)marginal revenue equals marginal cost.
D)marginal cost equals average revenue.
E)marginal revenue exceeds marginal cost by the maximum amount.

Question 34

Graphically,total revenue is represented by the:

A)triangle formed under the demand curve.
B)rectangle formed under the demand curve at a given price and quantity combination.
C)rectangle formed under the average-total-cost curve at a given ATC and quantity combination.
D)line segment between the demand and average-total-cost curves at any level of output.
E)the line segment between the horizontal axis and the average-total-cost curves at any level of output.

Question 35

Profit of a firm is maximized when:

A)marginal revenue is maximum.
B)marginal revenue is greater than marginal cost.
C)marginal revenue is equal to marginal cost.
D)marginal cost is minimum.
E)marginal revenue is less than marginal cost.

Question 36

The following graph shows the demand and cost curves of an imperfectly competitive firm.MC and ATC represent the marginal cost curve and the average cost curve respectively. Figure 8.1 According to Figure 8.1,what is the firm's profit when it sells quantity Q₁ at price P₁?

A)Rectangle ABCD
B)Rectangle DCEF
C)Rectangle ABEF
D)Distance AB
E)Distance FD

Question 37

The following graph shows the demand and cost curves of an imperfectly competitive firm.MC and ATC represent the marginal cost curve and the average cost curve respectively. Figure 8.1 In Table 8.1,in order to maximize profits,the firm should increase output until the ____ unit of output.

A)fifth
B)sixth
C)seventh
D)eighth
E)ninth

Question 38

A producer can raise profit by expanding output if:

A)marginal revenue is equal to marginal cost.
B)marginal revenue is less than marginal cost.
C)marginal revenue is negative.
D)marginal cost is negative.
E)marginal revenue is greater than marginal cost.

Question 39

Graphically,total cost is equal to the area of the:

A)triangle formed under the demand curve.
B)rectangle formed under the demand curve at a given price and quantity combination.
C)rectangle formed under the average-total-cost curve at a given ATC and quantity combination.
D)triangle formed by a line segment between the demand and average-total-cost curves.
E)triangle formed by a line segment between the horizontal axis and the average-total-cost curves.

Question 40

Assume that a firm is producing an output level such that marginal revenue equals marginal cost.One can correctly conclude that the firm is producing a level of output which is:

A)equal to the profit maximizing level of output.
B)equal to revenue maximizing level of output.
C)less than the profit maximizing level of output.
D)zero.
E)greater than the profit maximizing level of output.

Question 41

In a perfectly competitive industry,the price of good A is $2.If a firm in this inudustry decides to increase its price to $2.50,it will:

A)realize an increase in profits of $.50 per unit.
B)be able to increase the quantity sold.
C)be unable to sell any quantity of good A that is produced.
D)lose some of its customers in the market.
E)experience a decrease in profits of $.50 per unit.

Question 42

The figure given below shows the cost curves of a firm. Figure 8.3 ATC: Average Total Cost
AVC: Average Variable Cost
MC: Marginal Cost
Refer to Figure 8.3.If the firm maximizes profits at 120 units of the output,calculate the firm's marginal revenue.

A)$35
B)$40
C)$55
D)$4,200
E)Cannot be determined from the information given.

Question 43

Monopoly is a market structure in which:

A)there are significant barriers to the entry of new firms.
B)the firms face a perfectly elastic demand curve.
C)there are a large number of close substitutes for the good.
D)a homogeneous product is sold.
E)the firms are price takers.

Question 44

The figure given below shows the revenue and cost curves of a firm.MC represents the marginal cost curve,AC the average cost curve,MR the marginal revenue curve,and AR the average revenue curve. Figure 8.4 Refer to Figure 8.3.The profit maximizing level of output is:

A)80 units.
B)70 units.
C)60 units.
D)50 units.
E)40 units.

Question 45

An industry which has no barriers to entry,no product promotion strategy,a standardized product,and a very large number of firms operating within it,is said to have:

A)a monopoly market structure.
B)perfect competition.
C)monopsonistic competition.
D)monopolistic competition.
E)an oligopoly market structure.

Question 46

The figure given below shows the cost curves of a firm. Figure 8.3 ATC: Average Total Cost
AVC: Average Variable Cost
MC: Marginal Cost
In Figure 8.3,if the marginal revenue of the firm is constant at $55,calculate the profit earned by the firm?

A)$35
B)$40
C)$600
D)$4,800
E)$0

Question 47

The figure given below shows the cost curves of a firm. Figure 8.3 ATC: Average Total Cost
AVC: Average Variable Cost
MC: Marginal Cost
In Figure 8.3,what is marginal cost at a quantity of 120 units?

A)$35
B)$40
C)$55
D)$60
E)$4,800

Question 48

In general,the two extreme cases of market structure models are represented by

A)monopolistic competition and oligopoly.
B)oligopoly and monopoly.
C)oligopoly and perfect competition.
D)perfect competition and monopoly.
E)perfect monopoly and oligopolistic competition.

Question 49

The figure given below shows the revenue and cost curves of a firm.MC represents the marginal cost curve,AC the average cost curve,MR the marginal revenue curve,and AR the average revenue curve. Figure 8.4 Refer to Figure 8.3.The firm suffers a negative profit of:

A)100 units.
B)50 units.
C)80 units.
D)150 units.
E)250 units.

Question 50

The figure given below shows the cost curves of a firm. Figure 8.3 ATC: Average Total Cost
AVC: Average Variable Cost
MC: Marginal Cost
In Figure 8.3,what is the total cost of producing 140 units of the output?

A)$40
B)$55
C)$300
D)$5,600
E)$7,700

Question 51

Identify the characteristics of a monopoly firm.

A)Barred entry and homogeneous product
B)Unique product and large number of sellers
C)Standardized product and price taker
D)Barred entry and price taker
E)Barred entry and price maker

Question 52

Which of the following is not true of monopolistic competition?

A)There are a large number of buyers and sellers.
B)The firms produce differentiated products.
C)There exists free entry and exit of firms.
D)Each of the firms faces a horizontal demand curve.
E)Each of the firms act as a minimonopoly in the market.

Question 53

A(n) ____ is a price taker.

A)monopolistic firm.
B)oligopoly firm.
C)perfectly competitive firm.
D)monopolistically competitive firm.
E)duopoly firm.

Question 54

Firms under perfect competition produce:

A)homogeneous products.
B)unique products.
C)either standardized or differentiated products.
D)differentiated products.
E)antique products.

Question 55

If barriers to entry exist in a market,then:

A)the costs of entry and exit are relatively low.
B)there will be few close substitutes of the product in the market.
C)firms will be incurring losses in both the short and long runs.
D)firms will tend to have relatively less monopoly power.
E)the existing firms will quit the market in the long run due to mounting losses.

Question 56

Why does a monopolist face the market demand curve?

A)Presence of a large number of substitutes
B)Presence of large number of buyers in the market
C)Barred entry of any new firm in the market
D)Produces a homogeneous product
E)Consumers have perfect knowledge of the market

Question 57

The ordering of market structures from most market power to least market power (where market power is the ability to set its own price) is:

A)monopoly,monopolistic competition,oligopoly,perfect competition.
B)perfect competition,monopolistic competition,oligopoly,monopoly.
C)oligopoly,monopoly,monopolistic competition,perfect competition.
D)monopoly,oligopoly,monopolistic competition,perfect competition.
E)monopoly,perfect competition,monopolistic competition,oligopoly.

Question 58

Which among the following does not determine the shape of the demand curve under different market structures?

A)Number of substitutes in the market
B)Importance of the good in consumer's budget
C)Cost structure of the firm
D)Price-elasticity of demand
E)The length of time being considered

Question 59

The only decision that a perfectly competitive firm makes is:

A)what price to charge.
B)what quantity to produce.
C)how much to spend on advertisements.
D)how much to price discriminate.
E)how to differentiate its products from its rivals.

Question 60

Under perfect competition,at the profit maximizing level of output:

A)price is greater than marginal revenue.
B)price is equal to marginal revenue.
C)marginal revenue is equal to zero.
D)the marginal revenue curve is downward sloping.
E)the average revenue curve is upward sloping.

Question 61

Scenario 8.1 Jane left her job at Siemens and started her own boutique.She used to earn $50,000 annually at Siemens.She took a loan of $10,000 and used $20,000 from her personal savings to begin her venture.She agreed to repay the loan with 10% interest.Her business is bringing in $80,000 annually.She has rent and labor expenses of $15,000.Also assume that Jane could have used her own money i.e.$20,000 to buy stocks in Intel which would have returned 5% to her last year.
Refer to Scenario 8.1 and calculate Jane's accounting profit.

A)$50,000.
B)$65,000.
C)$80,000.
D)$64,000.
E)$35,000.

Question 62

A monopolistically competitive firm faces a relatively elastic demand curve than a monopolist firm because of the:

A)presence of a large number of buyers and barriers to entry.
B)presence of a large number of firms and easy entry.
C)production a perfectly homogeneous products.
D)production of unique products and presence of barriers to entry.
E)production of goods that are perfect complements of each other.

Question 63

Suppose a mechanic uses $150,000 of his own money to start a business.The rate of interest he could earn in a savings account is 5 percent,and the rate of interest he could earn by investing in bonds is 8 percent.What is the opportunity cost of capital when the mechanic uses his money to start his own business?

A)$7,500/year
B)$8,000/year
C)$19,500/year
D)$12,000/year
E)$150,000/year

Question 64

Under imperfect competition:

A)demand curve lies below the marginal revenue curve.
B)demand curve lies above the marginal revenue curve.
C)demand curve coincides with the marginal revenue curve.
D)demand curve coincides with the marginal cost curve.
E)demand curve coincides with the average cost curve.

Question 65

A(n) ____ may offer products that are either differentiated or identical.

A)monopolistically competitive firm
B)monopolist
C)oligopolistic firm
D)perfectly competitive firm
E)monopsonist

Question 66

The demand curve faced by a perfectly competitive firm is:

A)perfectly inelastic.
B)relatively elastic.
C)unit elastic.
D)perfectly elastic.
E)relatively inelastic.

Question 67

The opportunity cost of capital is:

A)the cost of labor inputs required to operate that capital.
B)the cost of raw materials necessary to put that capital to work.
C)the payment necessary to keep that capital from moving to an alternative use.
D)the costs of maintenance necessary to keep that capital operating.
E)the cost of hiring more units of capital to generate additional units of output.

Question 68

Suppose Mark invests a sum of $100,000 in a new venture.To fund his investment,Mark withdraws $50,000 from a savings account paying 10% per year and uses the proceeds from a bond that has just matured worth $50,000.If he had reinvested the proceeds from the bond he could have earned interest at the rate of 5%.Calculate the opportunity cost of capital for Mark in a particular year?

A)$5,000
B)$7,500
C)$10,000
D)$12,500
E)$100,000

Question 69

Nancy owns and operates a drug store that generates total revenues worth $30 million in a particular year.Her accounting costs for the year are $25 million.She could have earned $3 million in this year if she had worked as a consultant for a pharmaceutical firm.Further,she could have earned 5 percent interest on $40 million of her own money that she invests in the business this year.Nancy's accounting profit in this year is _____ and her economic profit is _____.

A)$5 million; zero
B)$5 million; $3 million
C)$5 million; $8 million
D)zero; $3 million
E)$3 million; $43 million

Question 70

Which of the following characteristics distinguishes oligopoly from other market structures?

A)Firms operating in an oligopoly are independent of each other.
B)Firms operating in an oligopoly are interdependent.
C)Oligopoly is the simplest of all the other market structures.
D)An oligopolist does not face a downward-sloping demand curve.
E)Entry into an oligopolistic market is easier than entry into a monopolistically competitive market.

Question 71

Accounting profit does not include:

A)explicit cost.
B)sunk cost.
C)fixed cost.
D)opportunity cost.
E)variable cost.

Question 72

The equity capital of a privately owned firm includes:

A)the owner's own dollars put into the firm.
B)the cost of raw materials.
C)the cost of labor resource used in production.
D)economic rent only.
E)the value added at each stage of production.

Question 73

The following figure shows the cost and revenue structures of a firm.MC represents the marginal cost curve,AC represents the average cost curve,AR represents the average revenue curve,and MR represents the marginal revenue curve.P* is the equilibrium price and Q* is the equilibrium output. Figure 8.5 Refer to Figure 8.5.Identify the market structure in which the firm operates:

A)Perfect competition
B)Monopolistic competition
C)Monopoly
D)Oligopoly
E)Duopoly

Question 74

A downward-sloping demand curve is faced by firms:

A)under perfect competition
B)under perfect competition and monopoly
C)in all market structures except monopoly
D)in all market structures except monopolistic competition
E)in all market structures except perfect competition

Question 75

In contrast to both perfect competition and monopolistic competition,an oligopoly market structure is characterized by:

A)price discrimination.
B)a perfectly inelastic demand curve.
C)the presence of infinite number of firms.
D)only differentiated products.
E)difficulty in the entry of new firms.

Question 76

Accounting profit of a business firm is also called:

A)royalty income.
B)net income from equity.
C)compensatory income.
D)windfall gain.
E)net operating income.

Question 77

A monopolist faces the least price elastic demand curve because:

A)the consumers have only one place to buy the good.
B)the monopolist produces a standardized product.
C)the monopolist undertakes a huge expenditure to produce the product.
D)the monopolist supplies an insignificant portion of the market.
E)the monopolist produces an absolutely necessary good having close substitutes.

Question 78

The characteristic that distinguishes a perfectly competitive market from a monopolistically competitive market is the:

A)ease of entry.
B)number of firms operating in the market.
C)degree of government regulation in the activities of the firms.
D)product differentiation.
E)extent of market share of each firm.

Question 79

Scenario 8.1 Jane left her job at Siemens and started her own boutique.She used to earn $50,000 annually at Siemens.She took a loan of $10,000 and used $20,000 from her personal savings to begin her venture.She agreed to repay the loan with 10% interest.Her business is bringing in $80,000 annually.She has rent and labor expenses of $15,000.Also assume that Jane could have used her own money i.e.$20,000 to buy stocks in Intel which would have returned 5% to her last year.
Refer to Scenario 8.1.Compute Jane's economic profit.

A)$13,000
B)$14,000
C)$20,000
D)$15,000
E)$10,000

Question 80

Steve is about to start up a business in a monopolistically competitive market.Which of the following can he expect?

A)He can expect market entry to be difficult as there exist entry barriers.
B)He can expect to enjoy a huge market power.
C)He can expect to face a highly inelastic demand curve.
D)He can expect to find close substitutes of the product he is planning to produce.
E)He can expect to face an infinitely elastic demand curve.